Zvinhu Zvakatipoteredza Zvinokanganisa Kuonekwa Kwemajini
Kubatana pakati pezvakatipoteredza nekugadzirwa kwemajini chinhu chakakosha mubiology chakafadza masayendisiti kwemakumi emakore. Majini evanhu, ane majini anofungidzirwa kuva 20,000 kusvika 25,000, anopa gwara rekukura kwedu, mashandiro emuviri, uye maitiro edu. Zvisinei, haasi majini ese aya "anovhurwa" kana kuratidzwa panguva imwe chete kana munyama imwe chete. Zvinhu zvezvakatipoteredza zvinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kugadzirwa kwemajini, zvichikonzera kusiyana kwehutano, kubatwa nezvirwere, uye kunyange maitiro. Kunzwisisa kudyidzana uku kwakakosha pakunzwisisa kuti zvipenyu zvinochinjika sei uye zvinopindura sei kune zvakavapoteredza uye zvine zvazvinoreva zvakanyanya pakurapa nehutano hweveruzhinji.
Epigenetics: Bhiriji Riri Pakati Pemajini Nezvakatipoteredza
Imwe yenzira huru dzinoshandiswa nenharaunda kushandura matauriro emajini ndeye epigenetics. Epigenetics inoreva shanduko dzinobva muropa mukutaura kwemajini dzisingabatanidzi shanduko kune DNA sequence iri pasi. Shanduko idzi dzinogona kukanganiswa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvenharaunda uye dzinogona kukanganisa mashandiro anoita majini kana kuti mavharirwo awo.
DNA Methylation
DNA methylation inzira huru ye epigenetic apo mapoka e methyl anowedzerwa kuDNA molecule, kazhinji pa cytosine bases. Kuwanda kweDNA methylation munzvimbo dzinosimudzira majini kunowanzo dzora kutaurwa kwemajini. Zvinhu zvakaita sekudya, kusangana nehupfu, uye kushushikana zvinogona kuchinja maitiro eDNA methylation. Semuenzaniso, kudya kusina methyl donors senge folate kunogona kutungamira ku hypomethylation, iyo inogona kumutsa oncogenes uye kubatsira mukukura kwekenza.
Hisstone Kugadziriswa
MaHistones mapuroteni anotenderedzwa neDNA, uye kushandurwa kwawo kunogona kukanganisa kuratidzwa kwemajini. Acetylation yehistones inowanzo konzera chimiro chakavhurika chechromatin chinokurudzira kunyorwa kwemajini, nepo deacetylation ichitungamira kune chimiro chakavharwa chinodzora kuratidzwa kwemajini. Zvinhu zvakatipoteredza, zvinosanganisira simbi dzinorema uye kusvibiswa kwemhepo, zvinogona kukanganisa kushandurwa kwehistone, nokudaro zvichichinja kushandurwa kwemajini. Semuenzaniso, kusangana neutsi hwefodya kwakaratidzwa kuti kunochinja maitiro ehistone acetylation mumatishu emapapu, zvichikanganisa majini ane chekuita nekenza uye mhinduro dzekuzvimba.
Zvinokonzera Zvakatipoteredza uye Kubuda Kwemajini
udyo
Kudya kunovaka muviri kunoita basa rakakosha mukuchinja kuratidzwa kwemajini muhupenyu hwemunhu wese, kutanga kubva pakukura kwemwana asati aberekwa. Pfungwa ye "nutrigenomics" inoongorora kuti zvinovaka muviri zvakasiyana zvinogona sei kukanganisa kuratidzwa kwemajini uye kubatsira kuhutano kana chirwere. Semuenzaniso, omega-3 fatty acids inowanikwa mumafuta ehove yakaratidzwa kuti inokanganisa kuratidzwa kwemajini anobatanidzwa mukuzvimba uye metabolism yemafuta. Saizvozvowo, kuderedzwa kwemacalorie kwakaratidzwa kuti kunokanganisa majini ane chekuita nekukwegura uye kurarama kwenguva refu. Zvinovaka muviri zvinoshanda semamorekuru anomiririra zviratidzo anosangana nemareceptor emasero uye zvinhu zvinonyora kuti agadzirise maitiro ekutaura kwemajini.
kushushikana
Kushushikana ndechimwe chinhu chakakosha chezvakatipoteredza chinokanganisa kuratidzwa kwemajini. Kushushikana kwepfungwa kunoshanda ku hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, zvichikonzera kuburitswa kweglucocorticoids. Mahormone aya anogona kushanda pamwe chete nema glucocorticoid receptors anodzora kuratidzwa kwemajini akasiyana-siyana anobatanidzwa mukushanda kwemuviri, metabolism, uye kushanda kweuropi. Kushushikana kwenguva refu kwakabatana nekuchinja kwemaitiro ekutaura kwemajini muuropi, zvichikonzera matambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa akadai sekuora mwoyo nekuzvidya mwoyo. Semuenzaniso, kushushikana kunogona kukonzera shanduko mukutaura kwe brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), jini rinokosha pakusimbisa tsinga dzeropa uye kugona kugadzikana nekushushikana.
Chepfu uye Zvinosvibisa
Chepfu dzezvakatipoteredza nezvinosvibisa zvinokanganisa zvikuru kugadzirwa kwemajini. Makemikari akaita sebisphenol A (BPA), anowanikwa mupurasitiki, anogona kutevedzera estrogen uye kusunga kune estrogen receptors, zvichichinja kuratidzwa kwemajini anobatanidzwa muhutano hwekubereka nekukura. Zvinosvibisa zvinobuda mumhepo zvakaita sezvinhu zvidiki uye benzene zvakabatana nekuchinja kwekugadzirwa kwemajini kunobatanidzwa nezvirwere zvekufema nekenza. Vaongorori vakaonawo kuti kusangana nesimbi dzinorema dzakadai se lead kana mercury kunogona kukonzera shanduko dze epigenetic dzinokanganisa kukura kwepfungwa nekushanda.
Basa Romuviri
Kurovedza muviri kunokonzera shanduko mukuonekwa kwemajini ane mabhenefiti akawanda pahutano, kusanganisira kuvandudzwa kwehutano hwemwoyo, kushanda kwetsandanyama kwakawedzerwa, uye kudzikira kwekuzvimba. Kusunga tsandanyama panguva yekurovedza muviri kunomutsa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutumira zviratidzo dzinotungamira kuratidzwa kwemajini anobatanidzwa mukushandiswa kwesimba, kukura kwetsandanyama, uye kupindura kwekushushikana kwe oxidative. Semuenzaniso, jini rePGC-1α (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha) rinowedzerwa panguva yekurovedza muviri uye rinoita basa rakakosha mu mitochondrial biogenesis uye kushandiswa kwesimba.
Mamiriro ekunze uye Kuchinja kweMwaka
Kunyangwe kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze nemwaka kunogona kukanganisa kuratidzwa kwemajini. Mhuka dzinoratidza shanduko mukuratidzwa kwemajini dzine chekuita nekusiyana kwemwaka, zvichikanganisa maitiro akadai sekurara kwenguva refu uye kubereka. Muvanhu, kusangana nemazinga akasiyana-siyana emwaka yakasiyana kunokanganisa kuratidzwa kwemajini anobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwevhitamini D uye circadian rhythms. Kuchinja uku kunogona kukanganisa mafungiro, mashandiro ekudzivirira muviri, uye hutano hwese.
Microbiota uye Kuratidzwa kweMajini
Microbiota yemunhu, ine matiririyoni etupukanana tunogara mudumbu, paganda, uye mune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri, inogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kuratidzwa kwemajini. Mabhakitiriya emudumbu anogadzira metabolites anogona kupinda muropa uye kukanganisa kuratidzwa kwemajini munhengo dziri kure. Semuenzaniso, ma "short-chain fatty acids" anogadzirwa nemabhakitiriya emudumbu anogona kugadzirisa kuratidzwa kwemajini anobatanidzwa mukuzvimba uye kushandurwa kwesimba muchiropa nedzimwe nhengo dzemuviri. Kukanganiswa kwetupukanana, kazhinji nekuda kwekudya, mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, kana hutachiona, kunogona kutungamira kune maitiro akachinja ekuratidzwa kwemajini anokonzera zvirwere zvakaita sekufutisa, chirwere cheshuga, uye zvirwere zve autoimmune.
Zvinoreva Mushonga Wemunhu
Kunzwisisa kuti zvinhu zvakatipoteredza zvinogona kuchinja mataurirwo emajini kwakaita kuti pave nebazi rezvekurapa rakasiyana-siyana. Nekuziva musiyano wemunhu mumwe nemumwe mukudyidzana kwemajini nenzvimbo, vanopa hutano vanogona kugadzirisa nzira dzekudzivirira nekurapa kuti zvienderane nemajini emunhu mumwe nemumwe. Semuenzaniso, pharmacogenomics inoongorora kuti kusiyana kwemajini kunokanganisa sei mhinduro yemunhu kumishonga, zvichibvumira kurapwa kwakanyatsonaka uye kwakasarudzika.
mhedziso
Nzvimbo yatinogara ine simba guru pakuonekwa kwemajini, zvichikanganisa maitiro akasiyana-siyana ehupenyu uye mhedzisiro yehutano. Kuburikidza nenzira dzakadai seDNA methylation, histone modification, uye kusangana ne microbiota, zvinhu zvakaita sekudya kunovaka muviri, kushushikana, chepfu, kurovedza muviri, uye kunyange shanduko dzemwaka zvinogona kuchinja mashandiro emajini. Kunzwisisa hukama uhwu hwakaoma kwakakosha pakusimudzira mishonga yemunhu uye kuvandudza hutano hweveruzhinji. Sezvo tsvakiridzo ichiramba ichiburitsa pachena kuoma kwekudyidzana kwemajini nenzvimbo, tichave takashongedzerwa zviri nani kugadzira nzira dzinosimudzira hutano nekudzivirira zvirwere munyika iri kuchinja nekukurumidza.
