Maumbirwo uye Mashandiro eXylem nePhloem Tissues muMiti
Introduction:
Zvirimwa, izvo zvinokosha pakurarama kwepasi, zvinokwanisa kurarama uye kukura munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana nekuda kwekubatana kwakaoma kwematishu nemasisitimu. Pakati peizvi, matishu e xylem ne phloem anokosha, achiita basa rakakosha mukufambisa mvura, zvinovaka muviri, uye chikafu mumiti yese. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa chimiro uye basa rematishu e xylem ne phloem, zvichitsanangura mabasa azvo akakosha mu physiology yemiti uye hutano hwese.
Tishu yeXylem:
Maumbirwo eXylem:
Xylem itemhu yakasarudzika yakatsaurirwa kutakura mvura nezvinovaka muviri zvinonyungudika kubva pamidzi kuenda kuzvikamu zvakasiyana zvemuti. Xylem tissue ine mhando dzakasiyana dzemasero: tracheids, midziyo yeropa, xylem fibers, uye xylem parenchyma.
1. Matracheids:
Matracheids masero marefu ane madziro akakora uye magumo anotetepa. Akabatana kuburikidza nemakomba, izvo zvinoita kuti mvura ifambe pakati pemasero. Matracheids chinhu chakakosha mugymnosperms nemiti yekare yeropa.
2. Zvinhu zveMudziyo:
Zvinhu zvemidziyo yemugungwa zvipfupi uye zvakafara kupfuura tracheids uye zvinobatanidza magumo kusvika kumagumo kuti zvigadzire machubhu anoenderera mberi anonzi vessels. Zvimiro izvi zvinoshanda zvakanyanya mukufambisa mvura uye zvinonyanya kuwanikwa mu angiosperms. Madziro ekupedzisira ezvikamu zvemidziyo yemugungwa ane maburi, zvichiita kuti mvura ifambe zvakanaka.
3. Mafiber eXylem:
Mafiber eXylem masero marefu, akapfava anopa rutsigiro rwechimiro chemuti. Kunyange zvazvo achigonawo kutora chikamu mukufambisa mumvura, basa rawo guru nderemakanika, zvichibatsira muti kuchengetedza kuomarara kwawo uye chimiro chawo.
4. Xylem Parenchyma:
Masero eXylem parenchyma masero mapenyu anobatanidzwa mukuchengetedza zvinovaka muviri uye kutakurwa kwemvura nezvinhu zvinonyungudutsa mumasero. Anoita basa rakakosha mutsigiro mukati me xylem tissue.
Basa reXylem:
Basa guru re xylem tissue nderekufambisa mvura nemaminerari akanyungudutswa kubva pamidzi kuenda kuzvikamu zvemudenga zvemuti. Kufamba uku kunoitika kuburikidza nemaitiro anonzi transpiration, ayo anosanganisira kubuda kwemvura kubva mumasero e mesophyll mumashizha, zvichigadzira kumanikidzwa kwakaipa kunodhonza mvura kumusoro kuburikidza ne xylem.
Xylem inopawo rutsigiro rwemuchina kuchirimwa, nekuda kwekusimba kwemasero e-xylem. Lignin, polymer yakaoma yeorganic, inosimbisa madziro esero, zvichiita kuti ave akaomarara uye akwanise kutsungirira kumanikidzwa kunokonzereswa nekufamba kwemvura kumusoro.
Nyama yePhloem:
Maumbirwo ePhloem:
Kusiyana ne xylem, phloem tissue ndiyo inofambisa zvinovaka muviri, kunyanya sucrose, inogadzirwa kuburikidza ne photosynthesis. Phloem tissue ine zvinhu zve sieve tube, masero anobatsira, phloem fibers, uye phloem parenchyma.
1. Zvinhu zveSefa Tube:
Zvinhu zvemachubhu eSefa ndiwo masero makuru ekufambisa mvura yephloem. Anoreba uye anoronga magumo kubva kune mamwe kuti agadzire machubhu eSefa. Madziro ekupedzisira, anozivikanwa semapureti esise, akaboorwa, zvichiita kuti mvura yephloem ifambe zvakanaka.
2. Masero Akabatana:
Masero ekubatana anobatanidzwa zvakanyanya nezvinhu zvechubhu yesieve uye akakosha pakushanda kwephloem. Ane maplasmodesmata akawanda anobatanidza iwo nezvinhu zvechubhu yesieve, zvichiita kuti zvinhu zvifambe zvakanaka. Masero ekubatana anobatsira pakurodha nekuburitsa shuga mumachubhu esieve, zvichiita kuti kuyerera kweropa kurambe kuripo.
3. Mafiber ePhloem:
Mafiber ePhloem masero esclerenchyma anotsigira chimiro chemuviri. Mafiber aya anowanzo reba uye akapfava, zvichiwedzera simba kumasero ephloem.
4. Phloem Parenchyma:
Masero ePhloem parenchyma anobatanidzwa mukuchengetedza nekutakura zvinovaka muviri padivi. Anobatsira mukuchengetedza mukati mephloem, zvichibatsira mukushanda zvakanaka kwenyama.
Basa rePhloem:
Basa guru re phloem tissue nderekutakura zvinovaka muviri kubva kumashizha, kwazvinogadzirwa, kuenda kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemuti kwadzinodiwa kuti dzikure, dzichengetwe, uye dzigadzirwe. Maitiro aya, anozivikanwa se translocation, anoenderana ne pressure flow mechanism. Sucrose nezvimwe zvinovaka muviri zvinoiswa mumachubhu esise mumashizha, zvichigadzira high osmotic pressure inokwevera mvura mumachubhu kubva kumasero akapoteredza. Kumanikidzwa uku kunoita kuti phloem sap ifambe ichienda kunzvimbo dzine pressure yakaderera, kazhinji nzvimbo dzemuti dziri kukura kana kuchengetedza zvinovaka muviri.
Phloem inoitawo basa guru mukutumira zviratidzo nekutaurirana mukati memiti. Inotakura mamorekuru akasiyana-siyana ekutumira zviratidzo, anosanganisira mahormone, mapuroteni, uye maRNA, ayo anobatanidza kukura, kukura, uye mhinduro kune zvinokonzeresa zvakatipoteredza.
Kubatanidzwa kweMabasa eXylem nePhloem:
Kushanda zvakanaka kwemiti kunoenderana nekushanda kwakabatana kwe xylem ne phloem tissues. Mvura inotakurwa ne xylem inokosha pakugadzira photosynthesis, kutakurwa kwezvinovaka muviri, uye kuchengetedza masero e turgor. Zvinovaka muviri zvinotakurwa ne phloem zvinopa simba uye maburi anodiwa pakukura, kubereka, uye kuchengetwa.
Matishu eXylem nephloem akarongwa kuita mitsetse yeropa mumiti mizhinji, zvichiita kuti pave pedyo nenzvimbo uye zvichiita kuti zvinhu zvikwanise kuchinjana. Kubatanidzwa uku kunotsigira kuenzana kwemetabolism yemiti uye kugona kwayo kuchinjika nemamiriro ekunze anochinja.
mhedziso:
Matishu e xylem ne phloem anokosha pakurarama nekubereka kwemiti. Xylem inoita kuti mvura nemaminerari zvifambe zvakanaka, nepo phloem ichiparadzira zvinovaka muviri zve organic mumiti yese. Matishu ese ari maviri, kuburikidza nemaumbirwo awo akasarudzika uye mabasa akarongeka, anogonesa zvirimwa kukura, kubereka, uye kupindura kune zvakatipoteredza. Kunzwisisa maumbirwo uye mashandiro ematishu e xylem ne phloem hakungovhenekeri chete physiology yakaoma yemiti asiwo kunoratidza kuchinjika kunoshamisa kwezvipenyu izvi kuhupenyu hwepasi.
