Kuenzanisa Nzira dzekuchera matongo dzekuMadokero nedzekuMabvazuva
Kuchera matongo ndiko kudzidza kwevanhu vekare netsika kuburikidza nekuchera nekuongorora zvinhu, zvivakwa, uye zvasara zvehupenyu. Kunyangwe nzira huru dzekuchera matongo dzichishandiswa pasi rese, kune misiyano yakakura munzira dzinoshandiswa nevanochera matongo kuMadokero nekuMabvazuva. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora misiyano iyi munhoroondo, nzira, uye uzivi hwenzira dzinoshandiswa nezvikamu zviviri izvi.
Nhoroondo uye Mavambo Ekufambira Mberi Kwekuchera Matongo Kwekumadokero Nekumabvazuva
Kuchera matongo kwemazuva ano kuMadokero kwakatanga kukura zvakanyanya muzana remakore rechi19 nekuwanikwa kwenzvimbo huru dzakadai sePompeii neTroy. Kunzwisisa sainzi iyi kuMadokero kwakakanganiswa zvikuru nekuvandudzwa kwesainzi yemazuva ano uye nzira dzesainzi dzakarongeka. Kusimbiswa kwehunyanzvi hwekuchera matongo hwakanyatsonaka , magwaro akadzama, uye ongororo yakadzama zvakava zviratidzo zvekuchera matongo kuMadokero.
Kusiyana neizvi, kuchera matongo kuMabvazuva, kunyanya kuAsia, kune nhoroondo yakasiyana. Munyika dzakadai seChina neJapan, tsika yekuchera nekuchengetedza nzvimbo dzenhoroondo yave iripo kwemazana emakore, asi nzira dzemazuva ano dzakangosvika uye dzakakura nekukurumidza muzana remakore rechi20. Nzira dzinoshandiswa dzinowanzo dzika midzi mutsika dzemunharaunda nezvitendero, nekutarisa zvakanyanya tsika nemagariro ekare ezvinhu zvakawanikwa.
Nzira dzekuchera nekunyora magwaro
KuMadokero, nzira yekuchera yakarongeka zvikuru uye yakavakirwa pasainzi. Vaongorori vematongo vekuMadokero vanowanzo shandisa nzira ine zvidimbu, uko ivhu rinocherwa muzvikamu uye zvidimbu zvega zvega zvinonyorwa zvakanaka. Kushandiswa kwetekinoroji yemazuva ano yakaita seLIDAR, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), uye photogrammetry kwave kushandiswa, zvichibvumira kumepu nekuongorora nzvimbo dzematongo nenzira yakanyatsojeka.
KuMabvazuva, kuchera zvinhu kunowanzova kwakanyatsoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, uye kunonyanya kusimbiswa pakududzirwa kwetsika kwezviwanikwa. Magwaro achiri kukosha, asi pane tsika yekuchengetedza tsika dzenzvimbo iyi. Semuenzaniso, muChina, nzira dzinowanzo sanganisa kudzidza zvinyorwa zvekare nekuchera zvinhu kuti zvisimbise kana kuramba nhoroondo dzenhoroondo. MuJapan, nzira dzekuchera zvinhu dzinowanzoedza kuderedza kukuvara kwenzvimbo dzinoonekwa sedzitsvene kana kuti dzenhoroondo.
Maitiro eUzivi neTsika
Maitiro ekuMadokero ekuchera matongo anowanzo tungamirirwa nepfungwa yepfungwa dzakanaka, iyo inosimbisa kuti ruzivo runofanira kuvakirwa pauchapupu hwechokwadi uye kusimbiswa kuburikidza nenzira yesainzi. Chinangwa chikuru ndechekuvakazve nhoroondo nenzira yakarongeka uye yakarongeka. Vaongorori vematongo vekuMadokero vanowanzo simbisa kukosha kwekusava nedivi ravakarerekera uye havanyanyi kukanganiswa netsika dzenzanga inowanikwa nzvimbo iyi.
Kusiyana neizvi, kuchera matongo kwekuMabvazuva kunowanzo kanganiswa nepfungwa dzemuno netsika. Nyanzvi zhinji dzekuchera matongo kuMabvazuva dzinoona zvinhu zvekare nenzvimbo dzekare kwete sezvinhu zvekuferefeta kwesainzi chete asiwo sezvikamu zvakakosha zvetsika nemweya wenzanga. Munyika zhinji dzeAsia, kune chitendero chakadzika midzi chekuti zvinhu zvekare nenzvimbo dzekare zvine "mweya" kana "mweya" unofanirwa kuremekedzwa. Nokudaro, nzira yekuchera matongo kuMabvazuva inowanzo kuve yakazara uye ine tsika mukuchengetedza hunhu hwenzvimbo nezvinhu zvekare zvinowanikwa.
Kudzidziswa uye Dzidzo
Kudzidziswa nekudzidziswa kwevanochera matongo kuMadokero kunowanzo kuve kwakarongeka uye kwakarongwa. Zvirongwa zvekuchera matongo kumayunivhesiti ekuMadokero zvinosanganisira purogiramu yakakura, kubva panzira dzekuchera kusvika pakuongorora marabhoritari uye dzidziso yekuchera matongo. Uyezve, kudzidzira basa remumunda uye basa remumunda zvikamu zvakakosha zvekudzidziswa kwevanochera matongo vekuMadokero, zvichiita kuti vawane ruzivo rwekuita pamwe neruzivo rwedzidziso.
KuMabvazuva, dzidzo yezvekuchera matongo iri kuwedzerawo kuva yakarongeka uye yakarongwa, kunyangwe paine musiyano mukusimbiswa. Mapurogiramu mazhinji ezvekuchera matongo kuMabvazuva haangosimbisi chete nzira dzekuchera nekuongorora asiwo kudzidza magwaro ekare, nhoroondo yeunyanzvi, uye tsika dzemuno. Maitiro aya anovimbisa kuti vanochera matongo vekuMabvazuva vanonzwisisa zvakadzama tsika nemagariro ezvavakawana.
Kushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese uye Kuchinjana kweNzira
Pasinei nekusiyana kukuru kwenzira nemaitiro, kushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese pakati pevaongorori vematongo vekuMadokero nevekuMabvazuva kuri kukura. Mapurojekiti mazhinji ekuchera matongo nhasi anosanganisira mapoka epasi rose anosanganisa hunyanzvi nemaitiro kubva kumativi ese ari maviri. Semuenzaniso, mapurojekiti makuru muMiddle East anowanzo sanganisira vaongorori vematongo vanobva kuMadokero nekuMabvazuva, vachishanda pamwe chete kusanganisa nzira dzekuchera dzakanakisa nekunzwisisa kwakadzama kwenhoroondo netsika dzemuno.
Kushandira pamwe uku hakungogadzirisi mhando yekutsvagurudza kwezvakacherwa mumatongo chete asiwo kunosimudzira kuchinjana ruzivo nenzira dzinogona kubatsira mapato ese ari maviri. Kuburikidza nekushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese, vanochera matongo kuMadokero nekuMabvazuva vanogona kudzidza kubva kune mumwe nemumwe uye kushandisa nzira dzakanakisa kubva mutsika yega yega.
Matambudziko uye Remangwana reArchaeology
Kunyange zvazvo nzira dzekuchera matongo nemaitiro ekuMadokero neKumabvazuva dzine simba radzo, dzose dziri mbiri dzinosangana nematambudziko akafanana. Kuparadzwa kwenzvimbo nekuda kwekuvandudzwa, kubiwa kwembavha uye kutengeswa kwezvinhu zvisiri pamutemo, uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze ndezvimwe zvezvinetso zvepasi rose zviri kutyisidzira kuchengetedzwa kwenhaka yedu yetsika. Kushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese uye kushandiswa kwetekinoroji yepamusoro ndizvo zvakakosha pakugadzirisa matambudziko aya.
Uyezve, pane chikonzero chekusimudzira ruzivo rweveruzhinji nezvekukosha kwekuchengetedza nzvimbo dzekare nemidziyo yekare. Dzidzo nekubatanidzwa kwenharaunda muzvirongwa zvekare zvinogona kubatsira kudzivirira kubiwa nekukuvadzwa kwenzvimbo, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti nhaka iyi yetsika inogona kufarirwa nezvizvarwa zvinotevera.
Mhedziso
Kuchera matongo kuMadokero nekuMabvazuva kwakasiyana zvakanyanya munhoroondo, maitiro, uye nzira dzehuzivi. Kunyange zvazvo kuchera matongo kuMadokero kuchiwanzova kwakarongeka uye kwesainzi, kuchera matongo kwekuMabvazuva kunonyanya kutarisa pane tsika nemagariro ekare. Kunyange zvakadaro, kushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese uye kuchinjana nzira kwakabatsira vanochera matongo vanobva kumativi ese maviri kudzidza kubva kune mumwe nemumwe uye kuvandudza mhando yekutsvagisa kwavo.
Nematambudziko epasi rose atiri kusangana nawo, remangwana rezvekuchera matongo richaenderana zvikuru nekukwanisa kwedu kushanda pamwe chete, kushandisa matekinoroji epamusoro, uye kusimudzira ruzivo rweveruzhinji nezvekukosha kwekuchengetedza nhaka yetsika. Kuburikidza nekushanda pamwe chete uku, tinogona kuva nechokwadi chekuti nhaka yedu yetsika inoramba yakachengeteka kuti zvizvarwa zvinotevera zvidzidze uye zvikoshese.
