Kufunika kwa Psychology Yathanzi Popewa Matenda
Katswiri wa zamaganizo azaumoyo ndi nthambi ya zamaganizo yomwe imaphunzira momwe malingaliro, malingaliro, machitidwe, ndi zinthu zachikhalidwe zimakhudzira thanzi la thupi komanso kukula kwa matenda. M'zaka zaposachedwa, njira zopezera thanzi zasintha kuchoka pa kungoyang'ana kwambiri pa chithandizo chamankhwala pamene munthu akudwala kale kupita kugogomezera kupewa msanga. Apa ndi pomwe katswiri wa zamaganizo azaumoyo amachita gawo lofunika kwambiri: kuthandiza anthu ndi madera kukhala ndi makhalidwe abwino a moyo, kuthana ndi kupsinjika maganizo, komanso kupanga zisankho zabwino zokhudzana ndi thanzi. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza chifukwa chake katswiri wa zamaganizo azaumoyo ndi wofunikira kwambiri popewa matenda, kuphatikizapo kuthandiza kwake kusintha khalidwe, kuthana ndi kupsinjika maganizo, kutsatira upangiri wachipatala, komanso kukhala ndi moyo wabwino.
Kumvetsetsa mgwirizano wa maganizo ndi thupi
Lingaliro lakuti maganizo ndi thupi zimalumikizana si latsopano. Komabe, maganizo azaumoyo amapereka maziko olimba asayansi omvetsetsa ubalewu. Mwachitsanzo, kupsinjika maganizo kosatha kungayambitse kuwonjezeka kwa mahomoni a cortisol, omwe amakhudza kuthamanga kwa magazi, chitetezo chamthupi, kugona bwino, komanso kagayidwe kachakudya. Kupsinjika maganizo kukapitirira kwa nthawi yayitali popanda njira zoyenera zoyendetsera, chiopsezo cha matenda monga kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda am'mimba, kunenepa kwambiri, komanso matenda amtima chingakule.
Kupatula kupsinjika maganizo, malingaliro monga nkhawa ndi kupsinjika maganizo zimayenderananso ndi thanzi labwino. Anthu omwe akuvutika maganizo nthawi zambiri sachita zinthu zambiri, amavutika kudya zakudya zabwino, ndipo nthawi zambiri amanyalanyaza kudzisamalira. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kukhala ndi maganizo abwino kumathandiza munthu kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi nthawi zonse komanso kuyankha bwino zizindikiro za thupi zomwe zimafunika chisamaliro.
Kusintha kwa khalidwe monga njira yopewera
Matenda ambiri osapatsirana (monga matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri, matenda a mtima, ndi khansa zina) amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi moyo. Kusuta fodya, kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso, kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kudya zakudya zokhala ndi shuga wambiri ndi mafuta ambiri, komanso kugona tulo tosakwanira ndi zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa chiopsezo. Ngakhale kuti chidziwitso chokhudza moyo wathanzi chikupezeka mosavuta, si aliyense amene angathe kusintha khalidwe lawo. Apa ndi pomwe maganizo azaumoyo amakhala othandiza, chifukwa cholinga chachikulu sichimangokhala pa "chochita", koma "momwe" chochitira.
Katswiri wa zamaganizo a zaumoyo amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zosiyanasiyana zokhudza kusintha kwa khalidwe, monga Health Belief Model, yomwe imafotokoza kuti munthu adzachita zinthu zodzitetezera ngati akuona kuti ali pachiwopsezo, akuona kuti matendawa ndi oopsa, akukhulupirira kuti njira zodzitetezera ndizothandiza, komanso kuti zopinga zomwe zilipo zitha kuthetsedwa. Palinso Chiphunzitso cha Khalidwe Lokonzedwa, chomwe chimagogomezera udindo wa cholinga, miyambo ya anthu, ndi kudziletsa pakupanga zizolowezi.
Ndi njira imeneyi, njira zopewera zitha kupangidwa bwino kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ma kampeni oletsa kusuta sayenera kungowonetsa zoopsa za kusuta; ayeneranso kuthandiza anthu kuthana ndi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kusuta (monga kupsinjika maganizo kapena kuyanjana ndi anthu ena), kupereka njira zina (monga kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pang'ono kapena njira zopumulira), ndikumanga chithandizo cha anthu.
Kusamalira kupsinjika maganizo kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha matenda
Kupsinjika maganizo ndi gawo la moyo, koma momwe munthu amachitira ndi kupsinjika maganizo kumadalira momwe kumakhudzira thanzi lake. Psychology yazaumoyo imaphunzitsa luso lothana ndi kupsinjika maganizo, monga kupuma movutikira, kusamala, kusintha maganizo (kusintha malingaliro osathandiza), kusamalira nthawi, komanso kukonza luso lothana ndi mavuto.
Mwachitsanzo, njira zoganizira bwino zimathandiza anthu kuzindikira bwino maganizo awo popanda kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu. Izi zingachepetse chizolowezi chodya mopitirira muyeso, kusuta fodya, kapena kuchitapo kanthu mwanjira ina akamavutika maganizo m'njira zowononga. Kuphatikiza apo, kusamalira kupsinjika maganizo kumathandiza kuti munthu agone bwino, zomwe ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri popewa matenda. Kugona bwino kumathandiza kulamulira mahomoni, kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, komanso kusunga thanzi la maganizo.
Limbikitsani kutsatira malangizo azachipatala
Kupewa sikukhudza moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wokha, komanso kutsatira malangizo azachipatala, monga katemera, kuyezetsa thanzi nthawi zonse, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa matenda ena. Anthu ambiri amachedwa kuyezetsa chifukwa amaopa zotsatira zake, akumva bwino, kapena samvetsa ubwino wozizindikira msanga.
Katswiri wa zamaganizo azaumoyo amathandiza kuzindikira zopinga zamaganizo izi ndikupanga njira zolankhulirana zogwira mtima. Mwachitsanzo, anthu ena amalimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndi mauthenga omwe amagogomezera "ubwino wochita" (mauthenga opangidwa ndi phindu), pomwe ena amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi "zoopsa zosachita" (mauthenga opangidwa ndi kutayika). Uphungu wa zaumoyo ungathandizenso odwala kumvetsetsa thanzi lawo, kuchepetsa nkhawa, komanso kukhala ndi mphamvu zowongolera kuti azitsatira njira zodzitetezera nthawi zonse.
Udindo wa chithandizo cha anthu ndi chilengedwe
Makhalidwe abwino a thanzi sakula mwadzidzidzi. Banja, mabwenzi, chikhalidwe, ndi malo ozungulira zimakhudza kwambiri makhalidwe a munthu. Chithandizo chabwino cha anthu—monga banja lomwe limathandizira zizolowezi zabwino zodyera kapena mabwenzi omwe amachita nawo masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse—chingawonjezere mwayi woti khalidwe lisinthe kwamuyaya.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, malo osathandizana nawo akhoza kukhala chopinga chachikulu. Mwachitsanzo, munthu wokhala m'dera lomwe mulibe chakudya chopatsa thanzi kapena malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi osatetezeka adzavutika kwambiri kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi. Psychology yazaumoyo imathandiza kumvetsetsa izi ndipo ikugogomezera kufunika kwa njira yothandiza anthu ammudzi. Mapulogalamu oletsa matenda okhudzana ndi magulu ammudzi, masukulu, ndi malo antchito nthawi zambiri amakhala othandiza kwambiri kuposa kungophunzitsa anthu payekha.
Kupewa pa magawo osiyanasiyana a moyo
Katswiri wa zamaganizo azaumoyo ndi wofunikira pa moyo wonse. Kwa ana ndi achinyamata, kupewa kumayang'ana kwambiri pakukula kwa zizolowezi zoyambirira, monga kukhala ndi ukhondo wabwino, kudya zakudya zoyenera, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kuthekera kolamulira malingaliro. Muukulu, kupewa kumatha kugogomezera kuwunika pafupipafupi, kuthana ndi kupsinjika kuntchito, komanso kuchepetsa machitidwe oopsa. Kwa akuluakulu, katswiri wa zamaganizo azaumoyo amathandizira kupewa mavuto kudzera mu kutsatira mankhwala, kukhala ndi zochita zochepa, komanso kuchepetsa kudzipatula, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa thanzi la maganizo ndi thupi.
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kupewa matenda sikuti kungopewa matenda okha, komanso kusunga thupi likugwira ntchito bwino, kudziyimira palokha, komanso moyo wabwino malinga ndi magawo a chitukuko.
Zamaganizo azaumoyo pankhani ya thanzi la anthu onse
Pamlingo waukulu, zamaganizo azaumoyo zimathandiza maboma ndi mabungwe azaumoyo kupanga ma kampeni olunjika kwambiri. Maphunziro othandiza azaumoyo amafunika kumvetsetsa momwe anthu amagwiritsira ntchito chidziwitso, momwe amapangira zisankho, ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhudza chikhulupiriro chawo kapena kusakhulupirira uthenga.
Chitsanzo chomveka bwino ndi kulankhulana ndi anthu za chiopsezo panthawi ya mliri wa matenda. Kuyankha kwa anthu ku malangizo azaumoyo (monga kugwiritsa ntchito chigoba kapena katemera) kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zikhulupiriro, mantha, miyambo ya anthu, ndi chidziwitso chofalikira. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya zamaganizo azaumoyo, kulankhulana kumatha kupangidwa kukhala komvera chisoni, komveka bwino, komanso kosayambitsa mantha, motero kumawonjezera kumvera kwa anthu.
Mapeto
Kupewa matenda sikudalira kokha ukadaulo wazachipatala ndi zipatala, komanso khalidwe la anthu, malingaliro, ndi thanzi la maganizo ndi chikhalidwe. Psychology yazaumoyo imapereka njira ndi njira zomwe zimathandiza anthu kumvetsetsa okha, kusintha machitidwe awo, kuthana ndi nkhawa, kulimbitsa chithandizo cha anthu, komanso kukonza kutsatira njira zodzitetezera. Mwa kuphatikiza psychology yazaumoyo mu ntchito zachipatala ndi mapulogalamu azaumoyo wa anthu, kupewa matenda kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri, kokhazikika, komanso koganizira za moyo wabwino. Pomaliza, thanzi si kungokhala kusakhalapo kwa matenda, koma kuthekera kokhala ndi moyo wabwino mwakuthupi, m'maganizo, komanso m'magulu.
