Ukadaulo Wogwira Ntchito Mwachangu mu Makina Opopera Mpweya Wotentha
Mapampu otenthetsera a geothermal (GHPs) akukambidwa kwambiri ngati njira yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu moyenera potenthetsera ndi kuziziritsa nyumba. Mosiyana ndi malo akuluakulu opangira magetsi a geothermal omwe amagwiritsa ntchito malo osungiramo zinthu otentha kwambiri, mapampu otenthetsera a geothermal amagwira ntchito pa magwero otentha a geothermal osaya omwe amasunga kutentha kokhazikika chaka chonse. Kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwa nthaka—nthawi zambiri m'madigiri makumi awiri mpaka makumi awiri Celsius, kutengera malo—kumalola ma GHP kusamutsa kutentha bwino kuposa machitidwe a HVAC achikhalidwe omwe amasinthanitsa kutentha mwachindunji ndi mpweya wakunja wosinthasintha. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za ukadaulo wofunikira womwe umapangitsa makina otenthetsera a geothermal kukhala ogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, kuyambira zigawo ndi kapangidwe mpaka zowongolera ndi kuphatikiza ndi makina omanga.
Mfundo zogwirira ntchito ndi magwero a magwiridwe antchito
Kwenikweni, pampu yotenthetsera imasamutsa mphamvu yotenthetsera kuchokera pamalo ena kupita kwina pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoziziritsira. Mu njira yotenthetsera, makinawa amachotsa kutentha kuchokera pansi (kudzera mu madzi ozungulira m'mapaipi apansi) kenako "amakweza" kutentha kwake kudzera mu compressor kuti asunthire kuchipinda. Mu njira yoziziritsira, njirayi imasinthidwa: kutentha kuchokera m'chipindacho kumasamutsidwira pansi. Kuchita bwino kwambiri kumachitika chifukwa pampu yotenthetsera "siimapanga" kutentha ngati chotenthetsera chamagetsi choletsa, koma m'malo mwake imasamutsa kutentha komwe kulipo kale. Miyezo yodziwika bwino ya magwiridwe antchito ndi COP (Coefficient of Performance) yotenthetsera ndi EER/SEER yoziziritsira. Ndi gwero lokhazikika la kutentha, mapampu otenthetsera a geothermal nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi COP yapamwamba kuposa mapampu otenthetsera a mpweya kupita ku mpweya, makamaka panthawi yamvula yoopsa.
Ukadaulo wa compressor wosinthasintha liwiro (inverter)
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu zomwe zakhala zikuyenda bwino m'zaka khumi zapitazi ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma compressor osinthasintha liwiro. Machitidwe akale oyambitsa/kutseka amafuna kuti compressor izigwira ntchito mokwanira kenako n’kuima, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yoyambira ndi kuyimitsa yomwe imawononga mphamvu ndikufulumizitsa kuwonongeka. Ma compressor osinthira magetsi amatha kusintha liwiro kutengera katundu weniweni wa nyumbayo. Kukhudza kwake:
1. Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi pansi pa mikhalidwe yocheperako—komwe kwenikweni kumakhala kofala nthawi zambiri yogwira ntchito.
2. Kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwa chipinda kumakhala bwino chifukwa palibe kupitirira muyeso/kutsika kwa pansi.
3. Moyo wautali wa zinthu chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kuyimitsa koyambira.
Mwachizolowezi, machitidwe osinthasintha amathandizanso kupanga bwino mphamvu, kotero kuti kukhazikitsa sikuyenera kukhala "kokulirapo kwambiri".
Chosinthira kutentha chabwino kwambiri komanso kapangidwe ka kuzungulira nthaka
Chizunguliro cha pansi ndiye chosinthira kutentha chachikulu pakati pa nyumbayo ndi pansi. Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa dongosolo kumadalira kwambiri mtundu wa kapangidwe ka chizungulirocho, chifukwa chizunguliro chosapangidwa bwino chingayambitse kutentha kwamadzimadzi komwe kumakhala kotsika kwambiri kapena kokwera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti compressor igwire ntchito molimbika.
Makonzedwe awiri ofanana ndi otsekedwa ndi otseguka:
– Chingwe chotsekedwa: chitoliro cha polyethylene (nthawi zambiri HDPE) chodzazidwa ndi madzi ozungulira/osaundana. Chikhoza kuyikidwa molunjika (choboola) kapena mopingasa (ngalande), ngakhale m'madzi (dziwe/nyanja).
– Kutsegula: kugwiritsa ntchito madzi apansi panthaka/zitsime ngati gwero ndi chotenthetsera madzi (ndi malamulo okhwima okhudza ubwino wa madzi ndi zilolezo).
Zipangizo zamakono zogwirira ntchito bwino ndi izi:
- Mapaipi okhala ndi mphamvu yoyendetsera kutentha kwambiri komanso njira zolumikizirana zomwe zimachepetsa kutuluka kwa madzi ndi kukana kuyenda kwa madzi.
- Ma thermal grout a mabowo oyima omwe amathandiza kuti kutentha kusamutsidwe pakati pa chitoliro ndi nthaka/miyala.
- Kuyerekeza kutentha ndi kuyesa kuyankhidwa kwa kutentha (TRT) kuti muwone momwe nthaka ikuyendera, kuti kutalika kwa chibowo ndi kuchuluka kwa malupu zikhale zofunikira—osati zochepa kwambiri (zosagwira ntchito bwino) komanso osati zambiri (zokwera mtengo).
- Kulamulira bwino kuchuluka kwa madzi kuti pakhale kusamutsa kutentha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa pampu yoyendera madzi.
Madzi ndi mafiriji otsika a GWP
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino sikungokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi okha, komanso kuwononga chilengedwe. Kumbali ya ma refrigerant, makampani akusintha kupita ku ma refrigerant omwe ali ndi mphamvu zochepa zotenthetsera padziko lonse lapansi (GWP). Kusankha ma refrigerant kumakhudza:
- kuthamanga kwa ntchito ya dongosolo,
- kuyendetsa bwino kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka zinthu,
– chitetezo (kuyaka/gulu la poizoni),
- kugwirizana kwa zinthu.
Kuwonjezera pa refrigerant, madzi ozungulira nthaka nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito madzi okhala ndi chowonjezera choletsa kuzizira (monga propylene glycol) kuti apewe kuzizira m'malo ozizira. Kapangidwe kolondola kamasunga kukhuthala kochepa kuti apewe kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri ndi mapampu oyendera mpweya komanso amachepetsa chiopsezo cha dzimbiri kapena kuipitsidwa.
Pampu yoyendera bwino kwambiri komanso kuwongolera kupanikizika kosiyanasiyana
Mu machitidwe ambiri, mphamvu ya pampu yoyendera ikhoza kukhala gawo lofunika kwambiri, makamaka m'mafakitale. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito mapampu othamanga mosiyanasiyana okhala ndi ma mota ogwira ntchito bwino (monga ukadaulo wa ECM) kukuchulukirachulukira. Ndi masensa opanikizika osiyanasiyana ndi zowongolera zanzeru, machitidwe amatha:
- kuchepetsa liwiro la pampu pamene zosowa zotumizira kutentha zili zochepa,
- sungani kuyenda kochepa kuti mukhale okhazikika,
- amachepetsa phokoso ndi kugwedezeka.
Zotsatira zake ndi kusunga mphamvu zomwe sizimachokera ku COP yokha ya pampu yotenthetsera, komanso kuchokera ku "Balance of System" - chilengedwe chonse cha zigawo zina zomwe sizili pa compressor.
Dongosolo lolamulira lanzeru ndi kuphatikiza kwa BMS
Zowongolera zamakono ndizosiyana kwambiri pakati pa machitidwe omwe "amangogwira ntchito" ndi omwe amagwira ntchito bwino. Zowongolera zochokera ku masensa ndi ma algorithm zimatha kuyendetsa:
- malo osinthika malinga ndi nyengo (kukonzanso panja),
- ndondomeko ya anthu okhalamo,
- chofunika kwambiri pa malo,
- kupewa ntchito zosafunikira zotenthetsera ndi kuziziritsa nthawi imodzi.
Mu nyumba zamalonda, kuphatikiza ndi Building Management System (BMS) kumathandiza kukonza bwino zinthu: deta kuchokera ku magetsi, kutentha kwa kuzungulira, kutentha kwa chipinda, komanso momwe valavu ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito zimasanthulidwa kuti zizindikire zolakwika monga kuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito, mpweya wotsekedwa, kapena kuipitsidwa. Ndi kukonza kolosera, kutayika kwa magwiridwe antchito kumatha kupewedwa asanakhale kulephera kwakukulu.
Dongosolo losakanikirana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kotayira
Kugwira ntchito bwino kumawonjezeka pamene zinthu zotenthetsera ndi zoziziritsira "zikugwirizana." M'nyumba zina, madera ena amafuna kuziziritsidwa pomwe ena amafuna kutenthetsa. Machitidwe a geothermal amatha kukhazikitsidwa ngati mapampu otentha ochokera kumadzi okhala ndi kuzungulira kogawana, zomwe zimathandiza kuti kutentha kuchotsedwe kuchokera kudera lina kugwiritsidwe ntchito kwina.
Kuphatikiza apo, pali lingaliro la hybrid geothermal, mwachitsanzo:
- kuwonjezera nsanja yoziziritsira kapena boiler yaying'ono kuti ithane ndi mavuto aakulu,
- kuchepetsa kukula kwa mzere wozungulira kuti ndalama zoyambira zitsike,
- pewani kutentha kwa nthaka komwe kumazizira kwambiri kapena kutentha kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali m'nyumba zomwe zimazizira kwambiri.
Njira zosakanikirana nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika mtengo, ndipo zimasungabe kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa ngati zowongolera zili zoyenera.
Kusungirako kutentha ndi njira zolemetsa kwambiri
Ukadaulo wosungira mphamvu zotentha monga matanki ozizira/madzi otentha kapena zida zosinthira magawo (PCMs) zingathandize kusuntha katundu kukhala maola osagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kwa eni nyumba omwe ali ndi mphamvu zamagetsi nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito, izi zikutanthauza kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito. Kusunga kumapangitsanso kuti ntchito ya pampu yotenthetsera ikhale yokhazikika, kuchepetsa kuyendetsa bwino komanso kusunga COP yabwino kwambiri.
Kukhazikitsa, kutumiza ndi khalidwe la ntchito
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mapepala kungasokonezedwe ndi kusayika bwino. Zinthu zofunika kwambiri pamunda ndi izi:
- kuwotcherera mapaipi osakwanira (kutulutsa madzi pang'ono),
- mpweya umatsekeredwa mu chizunguliro chomwe chimawonjezera kukana kwa madzi kuyenda,
- kusalingana kwa kayendedwe ka madzi pakati pa nthambi,
- kusakhala kokwanira kwa chitoliro chamkati chomwe chimapangitsa kuti kutentha kutayike/kuundana,
- masensa olakwika kapena osakonzedwa.
Chifukwa chake, kuyambitsa (kuyesa ndi kusintha koyamba) ndikofunikira: kutsimikizira kuchuluka kwa madzi otuluka, kutentha kwa malo olowera/otulukira, kupanikizika, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, ndi momwe magetsi amayankhira. Zolemba zoyambirira zimathandiza kuwunika magwiridwe antchito kwa nthawi yayitali.
Ziyembekezo ndi zovuta pakukhazikitsa
Ngakhale kuti mapampu otentha a geothermal ndi othandiza, ali ndi mavuto: ndalama zoyambira kuboola/kukumba, kupezeka kwa malo, kulola madzi apansi panthaka (pa makina otseguka), komanso kufunikira kwa makontrakitala aluso. Komabe, njira zamakono—zosinthira ma compressor, zowongolera zanzeru, zida zowongolera mapaipi ndi grout, komanso kapangidwe kogwiritsa ntchito deta ya geology—zimapitiliza kuchepetsa chiopsezo ndikuwonjezera phindu. Zikaphatikizidwa ndi magetsi obwezerezedwanso, GHP ndi imodzi mwa njira zamphamvu kwambiri zochotsera mpweya m'magawo omanga.
Kutseka
Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa makina opopera kutentha kwa geothermal sikungokhala gawo limodzi lokha, koma mgwirizano pakati pa inverter compressor, kapangidwe koyenera ka ground loop, pampu yoyendera bwino, ma refrigerant ndi madzi oyenera, komanso zowongolera zanzeru zophatikizika. Ndi kukonzekera bwino, kukhazikitsa, ndi kuyambitsa, makinawa amatha kupereka kutentha ndi kuziziritsa kokhazikika, kosunga mphamvu, komanso kosamalira chilengedwe kwa nthawi yayitali. Pamene ndalama zoyikira zikupitirira kuchepa ndipo antchito aluso akukhwima, mapampu opopera kutentha kwa geothermal ali ndi kuthekera kokhala muyezo watsopano wa makina a HVAC ogwira ntchito bwino m'mitundu yambiri ya nyumba.
