Physics

Nkhani yokhudza Resistivity

Ponena za mphamvu yamagetsi, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kwafotokozedwa, momwemonso mphamvu yamagetsi yafotokozedwa m'nkhani yokhudza mphamvu yamagetsi. Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi zili mu conductor ngati pali kusiyana kwa mphamvu ya conductor, pomwe ngati palibe kusiyana kwa mphamvu yamagetsi, ndiye kuti palibenso mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi.

Pafupifupi m'makina onse oyendetsera zitsulo, mphamvu yamagetsi imakhala yofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi, komwe chiŵerengero cha mphamvu yamagetsi ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi chimakhala chokhazikika. Mtengo woyerekeza mphamvu yamagetsi ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi umatchedwa resistivity. Mwa masamu, ubale pakati pa mphamvu yamagetsi, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi, ndi resistivity wafotokozedwa mu equation:

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Nkhani yokhudza khodi ya mtundu wa Resistor

Choletsa ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo za magetsi zomwe zimagwira ntchito yowongolera kuchuluka kwa mafunde amagetsi. Kawirikawiri, pali mitundu iwiri ya zoletsa, zomwe ndi zoletsa waya ndi zoletsa kaboni. Zoletsa waya nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu labotale, zopangidwa ndi kukulunga waya wopyapyala pamwamba pa chubu choteteza. Zoletsa kaboni nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabwalo amagetsi, ozungulira, ndipo ali ndi mawaya mbali zonse ziwiri. Mtengo wa kukana kaboni umafotokozedwa mu mtundu ndipo umawonetsedwa pamwamba pa choletsa.

Mtengo wotsutsa wa resistor ukhoza kudziwika potanthauzira mtundu wa resistor code. Kuti mumvetse izi, choyamba yang'anani tebulo lotsatira, kenako phunzirani chitsanzo cha vutoli kuti mudziwe mtengo wotsutsa resistor.

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Nkhani yokhudza Resistors mu mndandanda

Ngati zotsutsanazo zalumikizidwa monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzichi, zotsutsanazo zimayikidwa motsatizana. Kukana kwa resistor kapena magetsi komwe kukubweraku kungakhale ngati zigawo za resistor, magetsi, kapena kukana kwina kwamagetsi.

Mphamvu yamagetsi imayenda kudzera mu kukana 1 (R)₁) = ndi mtengo wamagetsi imayenda kudzera mu kukana 2 (R)₂) = mphamvu yamagetsi imayenda kudzera mu kukana 3 (R)₃). Zamagetsi zamagetsi (I) ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imayenda mkati mwa nthawi inayake (I = Q / t), motero mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera mu kukana 1 (I₁) = mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera mu kukana 2 (I₂) = mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera mu kukana 3 (I₃Mwa masamu, mphamvu yonse yamagetsi (I) = I₁ = Ine₂ = Ine₃.

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Kuyerekeza kwa kukana kwamagetsi

Mu nkhani ya lamulo la Ohm, njira yomwe imalongosola ubale pakati pa voltage (V), magetsi (I), ndi kukana kwamagetsi (R) yachokera. Kufotokozedwa mwa masamu kudzera mu ma equation:

Equation iyi ikuwonetsa kuti kukana kwamagetsi (R) kuli kofanana mwachindunji ndi magetsi amagetsi (V) ndipo kumafanana molakwika ndi magetsi amagetsi (I). Ngati magetsi akuluakulu ali akulu kuposa momwe kukana kwamagetsi kukukulirakulira, m'malo mwake, ngati magetsi amphamvu akukulira kuposa kukana kwamagetsi kudzakhala kwakukulu. Equation iyi ikufotokoza lamulo la Ohm pokhapokha ngati kukana kwamagetsi (R) kuli kokhazikika. Ngati kukana kwamagetsi sikukhazikika, ndiye kuti equation iyi sikufotokoza lamulo la Ohm, koma imafotokoza kukana kwa woyendetsa.

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Nkhani yokhudza Resistors nthawi imodzi

Ngati zotsutsana zilumikizidwa monga momwe zilili pachithunzichi, zotsutsanazo zimalumikizidwa motsatizana.

Mphamvu yamagetsi (magetsi = mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imayenda mkati mwa nthawi) yomwe imalowa pamalo olumikizirana ndi yofanana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imatuluka pamalo olumikizirana. Pali malo olumikizirana angapo kotero kuti mphamvu yonse yamagetsi = kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda pamalo olumikizirana. Mwa masamu, I = I ₁ + I ₂ + I ₃ . Ngakhale kusiyana kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kapena mphamvu yamagetsi pamalo olumikizirana ndi yofanana.

I = V/R kotero equation yomwe ili pamwambapa imasintha kukhala I = V/R ₁ + V/R ₂ + V/R _3. Voltage yamagetsi ndi yofanana, kotero equation iyi imasintha kukhala I = V (1/R ₁ + 1/R ₂ + 1/R ₃ ). Ngati kukana kofanana ndi 1/R ndiye kuti I = V (1/R). Chifukwa chake, 1/R = 1/R ₁ + 1/R ₂ + 1/R ₃.

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Nkhani yokhudza Gwero la mphamvu yamagetsi emf Kukana kwamkati Voltage ya terminal

Mphamvu yamagetsi imayenda mu closed circuit, kuyambira pa mphamvu yayikulu kupita pa mphamvu yochepa. Mphamvu yamagetsi ikadutsa mu gawo la kukana kwamagetsi, pamakhala kuchepa kwa mphamvu yamagetsi chifukwa mphamvu yamagetsi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kukana kumeneku. Kuti mphamvu yamagetsi ipitirire kuyenda kuchokera pa mphamvu yayikulu kupita pa mphamvu yochepa,

Payenera kukhala chipangizo chowonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi, chidacho ndi mphamvu yamagetsi (emf) kapena yodziwika bwino yotchedwa gwero lamagetsi. Emf kapena gwero lamagetsi ndi gawo lomwe limasintha mtundu wa mphamvu kukhala mphamvu zamagetsi, monga mabatire, maselo a dzuwa, kapena majenereta amagetsi.

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Ma EMF otsatizana komanso ofanana

Ngati pali magwero awiri kapena angapo a electromotive (emf) olumikizidwa monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzichi, emf imakonzedwa motsatizana.

Gwero lofanana la magetsi (ε) ndi:

ε = ε ₁ + ε ₂ + ε _n

Kukana kofanana kwamkati (r) ndi:

r = r ₁ + r ₂ + r _n

Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda kudzera mu kukana kwakunja (R) ndi:

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Lamulo loyamba la Kirchhoff lotchedwanso lamulo la malo olumikizirana limati mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imalowa pamalo olumikizirana ndi yofanana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imatuluka pamalo olumikizirana. Malo olumikizirana mu dera lamagetsi ndi malo omwe ma conductor awiri kapena angapo amakumana, monga mfundo a yomwe ili pachithunzi chomwe chili pambali.

Ine ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imalowa pamalo olumikizirana, pomwe Ine ₁ ndi Ine ₂ ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imatuluka pamalo olumikizirana, Ine = Ine ₁ + Ine _2. Chitsanzo china, onani chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa.

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Lamulo lachiwiri la Kirchhoff limati kusintha kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kuzungulira dera lotsekedwa ndi zero. Lamulo lachiwiri la Kirchhoff limachokera ku lamulo losunga mphamvu, lomwe limati mphamvu ndi yamuyaya.

Kuti mumvetse bwino izi, ganizirani mphamvu yamagetsi ikuyenda mu closed circuit, monga momwe zilili pachithunzichi. Pamene mphamvu yamagetsi imadutsa mu kukana magetsi (R), ndi mphamvu zamagetsi imachepetsedwa chifukwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zotsutsana izi. Ngati mphamvu yamagetsi imadutsa mu mphamvu ina yamagetsi, mphamvu yamagetsi imachepanso chifukwa imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa mphamvu yamagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu yamagetsi ikadutsa mu gwero lamagetsi kuchokera ku mphamvu yotsika kupita ku mphamvu yayikulu, mphamvu yamagetsi imawonjezeka. Ikabwerera pamalo ake oyamba, mphamvu yamagetsi imakhala yofanana ndi kale, komwe kusintha kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kumakhala zero. Mukagwiritsa ntchito KirchhoffLamulo lachiwiri la magetsi, timagwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa magetsi, osati kusintha kwa mphamvu zamagetsi.

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Tanthauzo la mphamvu yamagetsi

Mphamvu yomwe imaphunziridwa mu ntchito ndi Mphamvu imatsimikiziridwa ngati ntchito yomwe yachitika panthawi inayake. Ntchito ndi njira yosinthira mphamvu kotero kuti mphamvuyo imvetsetsedwe ngati kusintha kwa mphamvu komwe kumachitika panthawi inayake.

Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu yamagetsi mkati mwa nthawi inayake. Mu ndemanga ya mphamvu yamagetsi, zafotokozedwa kuti kusintha kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kumachitika pamene mphamvu yamagetsi imadutsa mu kusiyana kwa mphamvu yamagetsi.

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