Nkhani yokhudza Equation ya kukula galasi galasi lokulitsa
Monga tafotokozera mu mutu wakuti loupe (galasi lokulitsa), chinthu chimawoneka chaching'ono chikawonedwa patali ndipo chimawoneka bwino chikawonedwa pafupi. Kusiyana kwa kukula kwa chinthu chomwe diso limawona kumachitika chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa ngodya pakati pa diso ndi chinthucho. Chinthu chikakhala kutali kwambiri ndi diso, ngodya pakati pa diso ndi chinthucho imakhala yocheperako kotero kuti chithunzi chopangidwa pa retina ya diso chimakhala chocheperako. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, chinthucho chikakhala pafupi ndi diso, ngodya pakati pa diso ndi chinthucho imakhala yayikulu kotero kuti chithunzi chopangidwa pa retina ya diso chimakhala chofunikira kwambiri. Pamene diso lili pafupi, ngodya pakati pa diso ndi chinthucho imakhala yayikulu, kotero kuti chithunzi chomwe chimapangidwa pa retina chikukulanso. Dziwani kuti diso la munthu wamba lili ndi mfundo yoyandikira ndi 25 cm kotero kuti mtunda pakati pa diso ndi chinthucho sungakhale wocheperako kuposa 25 cm. Titha kunena kuti ngodya pakati pa diso labwinobwino la munthu wamba ndi chinthu ndi yayikulu kwambiri pamene mtunda pakati pa diso ndi chinthucho ndi 25 cm.
Ngati chinthu sichingawoneke bwino pambuyo poti chayandikira 25 cm kuchokera pa diso labwinobwino, ndiye kuti chida chowunikira chikufunika kuti chithandize diso kuwona chinthucho. Chokulungira chosavuta chimagwira ntchito yowonjezera ngodya pakati pa diso ndi chinthucho. Kuthekera kwa chokulungira kukulitsa chithunzicho kumawonetsedwa ndi angular magnification (M). Chokulungira chomwe chili ndi angular magnification ya 2x, ndithudi, ndi chabwino kuposa chokulungira chomwe chili ndi angular magnification ya 1x. Chokulungira cha angular (M) ndi chosiyana ndi chokulungira cha mzere (m).
Kukula kwa angular kwa loupe
Kukula kwa angular kwa loupe (M) ndi chiŵerengero cha ngodya pakati pa diso ndi chithunzi cha chinthu (θ') pamene chinthucho chikuwoneka kudzera mu loop, ku ngodya pakati pa diso ndi chinthu (θ) pamene chinthucho chikuwoneka mwachindunji kuchokera pafupi ndi diso labwinobwino. Mwa masamu:
M = θ' / θ
Kuyerekeza kwa kukula kwa angular kwa loupe
Chiyerekezo cha kukula kwa angular chapezeka mwatsatanetsatane mu ndemanga yotsatirayi. Kuti mumvetsetse mosavuta, onani chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa.
Mu chithunzi 1, zinthu zimaoneka mwachindunji kuchokera pafupi ndi diso labwinobwino.
N = malo oyandikira diso labwinobwino
θ = Mng'alu pakati pa maso ndi malekezero onse awiri a zinthu
h = ho = kutalika kwa chinthu
Mu Chithunzi 2, zinthu zimawoneka kudzera mu loupe
s = do = mtunda pakati pa zinthu ndi magalasi
θ' = ngodya pakati pa loupe ndi malekezero onse awiri a chinthucho
h = ho = kutalika kwa chinthu
Ngati ngodya ndi yaying'ono ndiye kuti tangent θ ≈ θ
θ = h o / N
θ' = h o / do
Chiyerekezo chachikulu cha kukula kwa angular (M) kwa loupe:
M = kukula kwa angular, N = malo oyandikira a diso labwinobwino, do = mtunda wa chinthu. Iyi ndi equation yonse ya kukula kwa angular kwa loupe. Imatchedwa equation yonse chifukwa mtunda pakati pa zinthu ndi loupe (do) si wamtengo wapatali, koma ukhoza kukhala ndi mtengo uliwonse.
Kuyerekeza kwa kukula kwa angular pamene diso likuyang'ana patali
Nanga bwanji ngati, poyang'ana zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito loupe, maso a wowonera akuyang'ana patali? Ngati maso ali ochepa, ndiye kuti mtunda wa chithunzi ndi wopanda malire. Kuti chithunzicho chikhale chopanda malire, mtunda pakati pa chinthucho ndi kuzungulira uyenera kukhala wofanana ndi kutalika kwa loupe (yerekezerani kufotokozera za loupe (galasi lokulitsa)). Onani chithunzi pansipa.
Mu chithunzi 3, zinthu zimaoneka mwachindunji kuchokera pafupi ndi diso labwinobwino.
N = malo oyandikira diso labwinobwino
θ = ngodya pakati pa maso ndi malekezero onse awiri a zinthu
h = kutalika kwa chinthucho
Mu Chithunzi 4, zinthu zimaoneka kudzera mu loupe pomwe maso a wowonera amakhala ochepa kwambiri (diso lolunjika patali).
s = do = mtunda pakati pa zinthu ndi lenzi = f = kutalika kwa loupe
θ' = ngodya pakati pa kuzungulira ndi malekezero onse awiri a chinthucho
h = kutalika kwa chinthucho
Ngati ngodya ndi yaying'ono ndiye kuti tangent θ ≈ θ
Chiyerekezo cha kukula kwa angular kwa loupe (M) pamene malo ogona a diso ndi ochepa (diso loyang'ana patali):
M = kukula kwa angular, N = pafupi ndi nsonga ya diso labwinobwino, f = kutalika kwa loupe.
Chiyerekezochi chikuwonetsa kuti kukula kwa angular (M) kwa loupe kuli kofanana ndi kutalika kwa focal (f). Kutalika kwa focal kumakhala kwakukulu, kukula kwa angular kumakhala kochepa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kutalika kwa focal kumakhala kochepa, kukula kwa angular kumakhala kwakukulu. Loupe ndi lens yozungulira kotero iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito lens yozungulira yomwe ili ndi kutalika kwa focal kochepa kapena lens yozungulira yomwe ili ndi radius yaying'ono yozungulira kotero kuti kukula kwa loupe kumakhala kwakukulu.
Kuyerekeza kwa kukula kwa angular pamene diso likuyang'ana pafupi
Nanga bwanji ngati, mukaona zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito loupe, maso a wowonera akuyang'ana pafupi (malo okhala ndi okwanira)? Ngati diso lili ndi malo okwanira, mtunda wa chithunzi womwe umachokera ku loupe ndi wofanana ndi malo apafupi a diso labwinobwino. Zithunzi ndi zenizeni, kotero mtunda wa chithunzi (mkati) ndi woipa.
Ngati mtunda wa chithunzi (di) uli wofanana ndi mfundo yapafupi (N), mtunda wa chinthu (do):
Ngati ngodya ndi yaying'ono ndiye kuti tangent θ ≈ θ
Chiyerekezo cha kukula kwa angular kwa loupe pamene diso likuyang'ana pafupi (loyenera ndi lalikulu):
M = kukula kwa angular, N = malo pafupi ndi diso labwinobwino, f = kutalika kwa loupe.
Yerekezerani equation ya angular magnification pamene accommodation ndi yochepa (diso lolunjika patali) ndi equation ya angular magnification pamene accommodation ndi yayikulu (diso lolunjika papafupi).
Kutengera ndi ma equation awiriwa, zitha kutsimikizika kuti kukula kwa angular kumakhala kwakukulu pamene malo okhala ndi malo ambiri (kuyang'ana maso pafupi).
