Zizindikiro ndi Chithandizo cha Ehrlichiosis mu Agalu
Matenda a Ehrlichiosis mwa agalu ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya a mtundu wa Ehrlichia (omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala Ehrlichia canis) ndipo nthawi zambiri amafalikira kudzera mu kuluma kwa nkhupakupa ya brown galu (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). Matendawa nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "nkhupakupa" chifukwa amagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi matenda a nkhupakupa. Ehrlichiosis ingakhudze agalu azaka zonse ndi mitundu yonse, makamaka omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala pamalo omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a nkhupakupa. Ngati sanalandire chithandizo, matendawa amatha kukhala matenda osatha omwe amakhudza ziwalo zingapo ndikuchepetsa kwambiri moyo wa galu.
Kodi Ehrlichiosis ndi chiyani ndipo imafalikira bwanji?
Nkhuku yodwala ikaluma galu, mabakiteriya a Ehrlichia amalowa m'magazi ndi kuukira maselo oyera a magazi, makamaka ma monocytes. Kuchokera pamenepo, mabakiteriya amatha kufalikira ndikuyambitsa kutupa kwakukulu. Chifukwa nkhuku zimatha kusuntha kuchokera ku nyama imodzi kupita ku ina ndikukhala m'nyumba (ming'alu ya pansi, malo osungiramo ziweto, udzu, ndi mipata ya makoma), kufalikira kwa matendawa sikuti kumachitika kunja kwa nyumba kokha komanso kumatha kubwereranso ngati kulamulira nkhuku sikuli bwino.
Matenda a Ehrlichiosis nthawi zambiri samawoneka oopsa poyamba. Agalu ena amasonyeza zizindikiro zochepa zomwe zimafanana ndi matenda wamba, zomwe zimapangitsa eni ake kuganiza kuti galuyo ndi "chimfine" kapena wotopa. Komabe, kuzindikira msanga ndikofunikira kuti apewe mavuto.
Matenda a Ehrlichiosis
Kawirikawiri, ehrlichiosis ingagawidwe m'magawo atatu:
1. Gawo loopsa (masabata 1-3 mutatenga kachilombo): Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimayamba kuonekera, koma zimatha kukhala zosaonekera bwino.
2. Gawo la matenda osachiritsika: Galu akuoneka kuti akuchira, koma mabakiteriya akadali m'thupi ndipo pang'onopang'ono amatha kuwononga dongosolo la magazi ndi ziwalo.
3. Gawo losatha: Zizindikiro zimakhala zazikulu, kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi kwambiri, matenda otuluka magazi, kuchepa kwa chitetezo chamthupi, komanso ngakhale imfa zimatha kuchitika ngati sizikuchiritsidwa.
Si agalu onse omwe amadutsa mu magawo ofanana. Ena amafooka mofulumira, pomwe ena amaoneka athanzi kwa miyezi ingapo asanasonyeze zizindikiro zazikulu.
Zizindikiro za Ehrlichiosis mwa Agalu
Zizindikiro za ehrlichiosis zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi kuopsa kwake, gawo la matendawa, komanso momwe galu alili. Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino ndi izi:
1. Malungo ndi kutopa
Galu amaoneka waulesi poyenda, amagona kwambiri, sachita zinthu zambiri monga mwachizolowezi, ndipo kutentha thupi kwake kumakwera. Malungo amatha kubwera ndi kutha.
2. Kuchepa chilakolako cha chakudya komanso kuchepa thupi
Kuchepa kwa chilakolako nthawi zambiri kumayenderana ndi kuchepa pang'onopang'ono kwa thupi. Mu gawo losatha, kuchepa thupi kumatha kuonekera kwambiri.
3. Ma lymph nodes okulirapo
Tizilombo ta m'khosi, pansi pa nsagwada, m'khwapa, kapena m'mimba tingakule chifukwa cha matenda.
4. Zizindikiro za kutuluka magazi
Ichi ndi chizindikiro chochenjeza chifukwa chimasonyeza matenda a platelet, omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu ehrlichiosis. Mwachitsanzo:
- Kutuluka magazi m'mphuno (epistaxis)
- Mkamwa wotuluka magazi
– Madontho ofiira pakhungu (petechiae)
- Kutupa popanda chifukwa chomveka
- Chimbudzi chakuda (melena) chifukwa cha kutuluka magazi m'mimba
5. Mavuto a maso
Agalu ena amaona maso ofiira, kutuluka magazi, kuchepa kwa maso, kapena kutupa kwa mkati mwa diso (uveitis). Matendawa angapangitse galuyo kugwedezeka pafupipafupi kapena kukhala ndi vuto la kuwala.
6. Mavuto a chifuwa kapena kupuma
Sizimachitika nthawi zonse, koma nthawi zina zimasonyeza kutsokomola, kupuma mofulumira, kapena kusalolera kuchita zinthu chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi kapena mavuto ena.
7. Kupweteka kwa mafupa ndi kupunduka
Kutupa kwa thupi kungayambitse kupweteka kwa minofu ndi mafupa, zomwe zimapangitsa galu kusafuna kukwera masitepe, kuvutika kuima, kapena kupunduka.
8. Kusanza ndi kutsegula m'mimba
Matenda a m'mimba angachitike, makamaka m'matenda oopsa kapena nthawi yayitali.
9. Zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi
Ngati maselo ofiira a magazi ali ochepa, mkamwa mwa galu ungawoneke wotumbululuka, galu angatope mosavuta, ndipo kugunda kwa mtima kungawonjezeke. Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndi vuto ladzidzidzi.
Popeza zizindikiro zake zimafanana ndi matenda ena ambiri (monga distemper, babesiosis, leptospirosis, kapena mavuto a chitetezo chamthupi), matenda ake sayenera kutengera zizindikiro zokha.
Kuzindikira Ehrlichiosis
Dokotala wa ziweto nthawi zambiri amachita macheke otsatirawa:
- Kuwunika thupi mokwanira kuphatikizapo kuwona ngati pali nkhupakupa, kutentha, momwe nkhama zilili, komanso kukula kwa minyewa.
– Kuchuluka kwa magazi (CBC): nthawi zambiri kumasonyeza ma platelet otsika (thrombocytopenia), kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, kapena kusintha kwa maselo oyera a magazi.
– Kapangidwe ka magazi: kuwunika momwe chiwindi ndi impso zimagwirira ntchito komanso matenda otupa.
– Mayeso achangu/a serology (monga mayeso a SNAP): kuzindikira ma antibodies a Ehrlichia. Ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti ma antibodies amatha kukhalabe ndi kachilombo ngakhale kachilombo katatha, choncho ayenera kutanthauziridwa mosamala.
– PCR: imazindikira majini a mabakiteriya, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri kutsimikizira matenda omwe alipo.
– Kuyezetsa magazi: nthawi zina mabakiteriya amapezeka m'maselo oyera a magazi, ngakhale kuti si nthawi zonse.
Kuzindikira matenda molondola n'kofunika kuti mudziwe chithandizo ndikusiyanitsa matenda ena omwe amafalitsidwanso ndi nkhupakupa.
Kuchiza Ehrlichiosis mwa Agalu
Chithandizo chabwino kwambiri ndi kuphatikiza mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chithandizo chothandizira, komanso kulamulira nkhupakupa mwamphamvu.
1. Mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: Doxycycline
Doxycycline ndiye chisankho chachikulu cha ehrlichiosis mwa agalu. Nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa kwa milungu ingapo monga momwe adalangizidwira. dokotala wa ziwetoAgalu ambiri amawonetsa kusintha kwa thanzi lawo mkati mwa maola 24-72, makamaka mu gawo loopsa. Komabe, ngakhale zizindikiro zitayamba kusintha mofulumira, chithandizo chiyenera kumalizidwa kuti athetse mabakiteriya mokwanira ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo chobwereranso.
Chofunika kudziwa: mankhwala ayenera kuperekedwa malinga ndi mlingo wa dokotala wa ziweto . Doxycycline ingayambitse kuyabwa m'mimba mwa agalu ena, ndipo njira yoperekera mankhwalawa (monga chakudya ndi madzi okwanira) ingafunike kusinthidwa.
2. Chithandizo chothandizira
Ngati vuto la galuyo ndi lofooka kapena lakumana ndi mavuto, dokotala wa ziweto akhoza kupereka:
- Kuthira madzi kuti asamathe madzi m'thupi komanso kuti magazi aziyenda bwino.
– Mankhwala ochepetsa malungo/oletsa kutupa monga momwe zasonyezedwera (si mankhwala onse a anthu omwe ndi otetezeka kwa agalu).
- Zakudya zowonjezera komanso kusintha zakudya kuti zithandize kuchira.
– Kupatsidwa magazi kapena ma platelet ngati pali vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi kapena kutuluka magazi kwambiri.
- Mankhwala othandizira ziwalo za thupi ngati pali matenda a chiwindi kapena impso.
3. Chithandizo cha nkhupakupa (chinsinsi chopewera kubwereranso)
Chithandizo chidzakhala chovuta ngati galu akupitiriza kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa zomwe zili ndi mabakiteriya. Kuletsa nkhupakupa kumaphatikizapo:
- Mankhwala oletsa nkhupakupa omwe amaperekedwa pakamwa kapena pakamwa monga momwe dokotala wanu wa ziweto akulangizira.
- Sambani ndi kupesa ubweya nthawi zonse kuti muwone nkhupakupa.
- Kuyeretsa malo: kutsuka zofunda, kutsuka makhola, kupopera mankhwala m'malo omwe angakhale zisa za nkhupakupa, ndi kudula udzu.
- Yang'anani nyama zina m'nyumba chifukwa nkhupakupa zimatha kufalikira mosavuta pakati pa nyama.
4. Kuyang'anira ndi kuwongoleranso
Pambuyo pa chithandizo, dokotalayo Nyama nthawi zambiri zimalimbikitsa kuti zipimidwenso magazi ndi kuyezetsa magazi. kuonetsetsa kuti ma platelet, maselo ofiira a magazi, ndi zinthu zina zikukwera. Nthawi zina, kuyang'aniridwa kumachitika kangapo chifukwa kuchira kungatenge nthawi yayitali.
Kulosera za matenda ndi chiopsezo cha kubwereranso
Ngati atapezeka ndi kuchiritsidwa mu gawo loopsa, nthawi zambiri matendawa amakhala abwino. Agalu ambiri amachira kwathunthu. Komabe, mu gawo losatha, matendawa amakhala osamala kwambiri chifukwa kuwonongeka kwa mafupa, kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, komanso matenda a chitetezo chamthupi kungakhale kovuta kubweza. Chiwopsezo chobwereranso chimawonjezekanso ngati nkhupakupa zikupitirira kapena chithandizo sichinamalizidwe.
Agalu ena angakhalebe ndi ma antibodies kwa nthawi yayitali. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda, choncho zotsatira za mayeso ziyenera kutanthauziridwa ndi dokotala wa ziweto kutengera momwe matendawo alili komanso zomwe zapezeka mu kafukufukuyu.
Kupewa Ehrlichiosis
Njira yothandiza kwambiri yopewera kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa ndi kupewa kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa:
- Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala oletsa nkhupakupa nthawi zonse chaka chonse, makamaka m'madera omwe matendawa amapezeka.
– Yang'anani ubweya wa galu wanu mukatha kuyenda m'mapaki, m'minda, kapena m'malo okhala ndi udzu.
- Sungani malo oyera ndipo letsani nkhupakupa kunyumba.
- Kukaonana ndi dokotala wa ziweto nthawi zonse, makamaka ngati galu wanu wapezeka ndi matenda okhudzana ndi nkhupakupa.
Mapeto
Matenda a Ehrlichiosis mwa agalu ndi matenda oopsa ofalitsidwa ndi nkhupakupa omwe amatha kuchoka pa zizindikiro zochepa kupita ku matenda oopsa osatha. Zizindikiro monga malungo, kutopa, kuchepa kwa chilakolako cha chakudya, kutuluka magazi, kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, ndi kukula kwa ma lymph nodes ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa, makamaka ngati galu ali ndi mbiri yodwala nkhupakupa. Chithandizo choyamba nthawi zambiri chimakhala doxycycline, pamodzi ndi chisamaliro chothandizira komanso kuyang'anira nkhupakupa nthawi zonse. Dokotala wa ziweto akazindikira ndi kuchiza vutoli mwachangu, mwayi wa galu wochira umakhala wabwino.
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