Zizindikiro ndi Chithandizo cha Panleukopenia mwa Amphaka
Panleukopenia ya mphaka ndi imodzi mwa matenda oopsa kwambiri komanso oopsa a kachilombo, makamaka mwa ana amphaka. Nthawi zambiri imatchedwa feline panleukopenia (FPV) kapena "feline distemper." Imayambitsidwa ndi feline parvovirus, kachilombo kofala kwambiri komanso kosatha komwe kamafalikira mwachangu m'malo omwe ali ndi amphaka ambiri, monga malo osungira ziweto, masitolo ogulitsa ziweto, kapena m'nyumba zomwe zili ndi amphaka ambiri. Kumvetsetsa zizindikiro, njira zopatsirana, ndi chithandizo choyenera ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mphaka wanu ayambe kuchira ndikupewa kufalikira kwa matendawa.
Panleukopenia ndi chiyani?
Mawu akuti "panleukopenia" amatanthauza kuchepa kwakukulu kwa maselo oyera a m'magazi (leukocytes). Kachilombo ka FPV kamaukira maselo omwe amagawanitsa mofulumira, makamaka m'mafupa, m'mimba, ndipo nthawi zina, ana osabadwa kapena ana aang'ono kwambiri. Chifukwa maselo oyera a m'magazi amachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pa chitetezo chamthupi, kuchepa kwa maselo oyera kumapangitsa amphaka kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda ena. Ichi ndichifukwa chake panleukopenia nthawi zambiri imakhala yopha ngati chithandizo chachedwa.
Njira Zopatsira Matenda ndi Zinthu Zoopsa
Panleukopenia imafalikira makamaka kudzera mu kukhudzana ndi ndowe, masanzi, mkodzo, malovu, kapena zinthu zoipitsidwa monga ziwiya za chakudya, mabokosi a zinyalala, manja a anthu, nsapato, nsalu, zikwama, ndi zida zokonzera. Kachiromboka ndi kolimba kwambiri; kamatha kukhala ndi moyo kwa milungu ingapo mpaka miyezi m'chilengedwe, makamaka ngati sikasambitsidwa bwino.
Amphaka omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu ndi awa:
– Ana a mphaka (miyezi 2-6) omwe katemera wawo sanamalizidwe.
– Amphaka omwe sanalandire katemera konse.
– Amphaka omwe ali ndi chitetezo chochepa cha mthupi, kusowa zakudya m'thupi, kapena nkhawa.
– Amphaka omwe amakhala m'malo okhala amphaka ambiri.
Ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti anthu samatenga panleukopenia, koma amatha kukhala "onyamula" kachilomboka kudzera m'manja kapena zovala zawo akakhudza amphaka odwala kapena malo oipitsidwa.
Zizindikiro za Panleukopenia mwa Amphaka
Zizindikiro za panleukopenia zimatha kuonekera mwadzidzidzi ndikuipiraipira mofulumira. Nthawi yoberekera nthawi zambiri imakhala masiku awiri mpaka khumi kuchokera pamene kachilomboka kaonekera. Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino ndi izi:
1. Malungo ndi Kufooka Kwambiri
Mphaka amaoneka wofooka kwambiri, wosachita chilichonse, nthawi zambiri amabisala, komanso sachitapo kanthu. Malungo amatha kukhala okwera kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, koma pamapeto pake, kutentha kumatha kuchepa (hypothermia), chomwe ndi chizindikiro cha vuto lalikulu.
2. Kusowa chilakolako cha chakudya komanso kutaya madzi m'thupi
Mphaka amakana kudya kapena kumwa. Kusanza ndi kutsegula m'mimba kungayambitse kutaya madzi m'thupi mwachangu. Zizindikiro za kutaya madzi m'thupi ndi monga mkamwa wouma, maso olowa m'madzi, khungu losalimba, komanso kupuma mofooka.
3. Kusanza mobwerezabwereza
Kusanza kungakhale chakudya, madzi oyera, kapena wobiriwira-wachikasu. Kusanza pafupipafupi kungayambitse matenda a mphaka kuwonongeka mofulumira chifukwa cha kutayika kwa madzi ndi ma electrolyte.
4. Kutsegula m'mimba kwambiri (Nthawi zina kumakhala ndi magazi)
Kutsegula m'mimba nthawi zambiri kumakhala kowawa, kofanana ndi madzi, ndipo kumatha kusakanizidwa ndi magazi. Izi zimachitika chifukwa kachilomboka kamawononga khoma la matumbo, zomwe zimapangitsa kutupa kwakukulu ndi kutuluka kwa mitsempha yaying'ono yamagazi.
5. Kupweteka m'mimba ndi kaimidwe konyowa
Amphaka ena amaoneka kuti akumva ululu: akuyenda pang'onopang'ono, awerama, kapena osamasuka mimba yawo ikakhudzidwa. Ena amapitirizabe kupanga mawu opweteka.
6. Maselo Oyera a M'magazi Ochepa
Mwachipatala, panleukopenia nthawi zambiri imadziwika ndi leukopenia yomwe imapezeka poyesa magazi. Ichi si chizindikiro chooneka, koma ndi chofunikira kwambiri pozindikira ndikuwunika momwe matendawa alili.
7. Zizindikiro mwa Ana Aang'ono Kwambiri
Ngati mayi ali ndi kachilomboka panthawi ya mimba, ana amphaka amatha kubadwa ndi matenda amitsempha monga cerebellar ataxia (kuyenda kosakhazikika, kunjenjemera, komanso kusagwira bwino ntchito). Matendawa nthawi zonse samakhala oopsa, koma amakhala osatha.
Si amphaka onse omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zonsezi zomwe zili pamwambapa. Nthawi zina, mphaka amatha kuoneka wofooka komanso wosadya, kenako n’kuipiraipira mwadzidzidzi. Chifukwa chake, ngati mphaka, makamaka mphaka, ikusonyeza kusanza/kutsegula m’mimba ndipo ili ndi vuto la kutopa, ganizirani kuti ndi vuto ladzidzidzi ndipo pitani naye kwa dokotala wa ziweto nthawi yomweyo.
Kuzindikira Panleukopenia
Madokotala a ziweto nthawi zambiri amazindikira panleukopenia kudzera mu kuphatikiza kwa:
– Mbiri (osati katemera, kukhudzana ndi amphaka ena/malo obisalamo).
- Kuyezetsa thupi (kusowa madzi m'thupi, kutentha thupi, kufooka).
– Kuyezetsa magazi kwathunthu (CBC): kumafuna leukopenia yoopsa.
– Kuyesa mwachangu kwa parvo antigen (nthawi zina pogwiritsa ntchito zida zofanana ndi mayeso a galu a parvo). Zotsatira zake zingakhale zothandiza, koma pali kuthekera kwa zotsatira zabodza kapena zabodza, kotero kutanthauzira kwa dokotala kukufunikabe.
- Kuyezetsa kwina monga kuyezetsa magazi kuti aone kuchuluka kwa ma electrolyte, shuga m'magazi, ndi momwe ziwalo zimagwirira ntchito.
Chithandizo cha Panleukopenia mwa Amphaka
Palibe mankhwala omwe "amapha" mwachindunji kachilombo ka panleukopenia. Chithandizochi chimayang'ana kwambiri pa chisamaliro chothandizira: kusunga madzi, kupewa matenda ena, kuthana ndi kusanza/kutsegula m'mimba, komanso kuthandizira thupi mpaka chitetezo cha mthupi chitagonjetsa kachilomboka.
1. Kugonekedwa m'chipatala ndi chithandizo cha madzimadzi (IV)
Matenda ambiri amafunika kugonekedwa m'chipatala chifukwa kusowa madzi m'thupi komanso kusalingana kwa ma electrolyte kumatha kupha. Madzi a m'mitsempha amathandiza:
– Bwezerani madzi otayika.
- Amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.
- Konzani kusalinganika kwa ma electrolyte (sodium, potaziyamu, chloride).
– Mu matenda ena, madokotala amaperekanso dextrose ngati shuga m'magazi ali ochepa, makamaka mwa ana a mphaka.
2. Mankhwala Oletsa Kusanza ndi Kuteteza M'mimba
Mankhwala oletsa kutsekula m'mimba amathandiza kuletsa kusanza kuti mphaka wanu athe kulandira zakudya ndi zakumwa. Dokotala wanu akhoza kukupatsani mankhwala ochepetsa nseru ndi chitetezo cha m'mimba/m'mimba ngati pakufunika kutero.
3. Maantibayotiki Oletsa Matenda Achiwiri
Ngakhale kuti chifukwa chake ndi kachilombo, maantibayotiki nthawi zambiri amafunikira chifukwa khoma la m'mimba limawonongeka ndipo kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera m'magazi kumatsika kwambiri. Mabakiteriya amatha kulowa m'magazi ndikuyambitsa sepsis. Kusankha maantibayotiki kumatsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala wa ziweto kutengera momwe matendawa alili komanso zoopsa zake.
4. Thandizo la Zakudya
Zakudya ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti mphaka wanu achire. Ngati mphaka wanu sakudya, dokotala wanu angaganizire izi:
- Kupereka chakudya chonyowa chomwe chimagayidwa mosavuta pambuyo poti kusanza kwatha.
- Kudyetsa mwana mothandizidwa (ndi zida zapadera) ngati n'kotetezeka.
– Nthawi zina, chubu chodyetsera chimayikidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti chakudya chakwanira.
5. Kutenthetsa ndi Kusamalira Mwachangu
Amphaka omwe ali ndi hypothermia amafunika kutenthedwa. Kutentha, madzi, kupuma mofulumira, ndi kulemera zimawunikidwa nthawi zonse. Ana a mphaka nthawi zambiri amafunika chisamaliro chapadera chifukwa matenda awo amatha kusintha mofulumira.
6. Kudzipatula Kokhwima
Popeza ndi yopatsirana kwambiri, amphaka odwala ayenera kulekanitsidwa ndi amphaka ena. Gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zosiyana (bokosi la zinyalala, mbale ya chakudya, bulangeti). Osamalira odwala ayenera kusamba m'manja ndikusintha zovala zawo akangokhudza amphakawo.
7. Kupha Matenda Okhudzana ndi Zachilengedwe
Kachilombo ka FPV kamalimbana ndi mankhwala ambiri ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kawirikawiri, kuphera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito bleach yochepetsedwa malinga ndi malangizo ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo omwe ndi otetezeka kuphera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Malowa ayenera kutsukidwa kaye kuti asachotse zinyalala zachilengedwe, chifukwa ndowe kapena masanzi amachepetsa mphamvu ya kuphera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pa zinthu zokhala ndi mabowo monga nsalu ndi makapeti, kuyeretsa kumakhala kovuta kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri kumafuna chithandizo chapadera kapena kusinthidwa.
> Chofunika kudziwa: njira yosungunula ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ziyenera kutsatira malangizo a dokotala wa ziweto kapena malangizo a mankhwala kuti zitsimikizire kuti ndi otetezeka kwa amphaka ndi anthu.
Chisamaliro cha Pakhomo: Zimene Mungathe ndi Zimene Simungathe Kuchita
Ngati dokotala wa ziweto alola chisamaliro chakunja kwa wodwala (nthawi zambiri pakakhala zovuta kapena pambuyo pokhazikika), mwiniwake angathandize mwa:
- Onetsetsani kuti mphaka wamwa ndi kudya monga momwe walangizidwira.
- Perekani mankhwala pa mlingo woyenera komanso nthawi yoyenera.
- Sungani mphaka wofunda, wodekha, komanso wopanda nkhawa.
- Tsukani kusanza/kutsegula m'mimba ndi magolovesi, kenako yeretsani ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Zinthu zoti mupewe:
– Kukakamiza kudya pamene mphaka akusanzabe kwambiri.
- Kupereka mankhwala kwa anthu popanda mankhwala.
- Kulola amphaka kuti akumane ndi amphaka ena.
Ngati zizindikiro monga kusanza kosalekeza, kukana kumwa mowa, khunyu, kufooka kwambiri, mkamwa wotumbululuka, kapena kupuma mofulumira zikuwonekera, bwererani kwa dokotala wa ziweto nthawi yomweyo.
Kupewa: Katemera ndi Kusamalira Zachilengedwe
Njira yabwino yopewera matenda a panleukopenia ndi katemera. Ana a mphaka nthawi zambiri amalandira katemera wophatikizana (kuphatikizapo FPV) kuyambira ali ndi masabata 6-8, kutsatiridwa ndi ma booster nthawi ndi nthawi malinga ndi ndondomeko ya dokotala wa ziweto mpaka mndandanda wonsewo utatha. Amphaka akuluakulu omwe sanalandire katemera amafunikanso pulogalamu yoyamba ya katemera ndi ma booster.
Kupatula katemera:
– Ikani amphaka atsopano m'malo otetezedwa kwa masiku osachepera 10-14.
- Sungani bokosi la zinyalala ndi malo odyera ali aukhondo.
- Pewani kukhudzana ndi ana a mphaka omwe sanalandire katemera omwe ali m'malo oopsa kwambiri.
- Onetsetsani kuti mukudya zakudya zabwino komanso kuti muchepetse nkhawa.
Kutseka
Panleukopenia ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri, koma mwayi wopulumuka ukhoza kuchepetsedwa kwambiri ndi chithandizo chachangu komanso champhamvu. Dziwani zizindikiro monga kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba kwambiri, kutentha thupi, kutopa, ndi kukana kudya—makamaka ana amphaka omwe sanalandire katemera wokwanira. Chithandizo choyamba chimaphatikizapo kumwa madzi m'mitsempha ya m'magazi, kuchepetsa kusanza, maantibayotiki kuti apewe matenda ena, chithandizo cha zakudya, komanso kudzipatula komanso kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pamapeto pake, katemera ndi ukhondo wa chilengedwe zimakhalabe zofunika kwambiri poteteza amphaka ku matenda oopsawa.
