Ngā Tikanga Hanga Taiao mō ngā Whare Tari
Kua roa te hononga o te hanganga whare tari ki ngā pānga kino ki te taiao, mai i te nui o te whakapaunga pūngao me te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi kino ki te taiao tae atu ki te parahanga o te oneone me te wai. Heoi, i te mea kua piki haere te mōhiotanga o te ao ki te hiranga o te oranga tonutanga o te taiao, kei te piki haere te rongonui o ngā tikanga hanga taiao hei whiringa matua mō te hanganga whare tari. Kei raro nei, ka matapakihia e mātou ngā tikanga hanga taiao maha ka taea te whakamahi ki te hanganga whare tari.
1. Te Whakamahere Whai Hua me te Tauwhiro
I ngā wāhanga tōmua o te whanaketanga, ka taea e te whakamahere whai hua te whakaiti i ngā pānga kino ki te taiao. He mea nui te tātaritanga o te papaanga hei mārama ki ngā āhuatanga taiao e karapoti ana i te papaanga hanga. I runga i tēnei tātaritanga, ka taea te whakarite i ngā mahi ārai hei whakaiti i te kino, i te whakararuraru rānei i te rauropi o te rohe.
Hei tāpiritanga, me whai whakaaro hoki te hoahoa whare ki te whai huatanga o te pūngao me te penapena rauemi. Ka taea e ngā hoahoa e whakamahi ana i te māramatanga taiao me te hauhautanga te whakaiti i ngā hiahia pūngao mō te rama me te hauhautanga.
2. Te Kōwhiringa o ngā Rauemi e Pai ana ki te Taiao
Ka pā nui ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana mō te hanganga whare tari ki te taiao. Nō reira, he mea nui te whiriwhiri i ngā rauemi e pai ana ki te taiao mō te hanganga matomato.
a. Ngā Rauemi Hangarua
Mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi hangarua i roto i te hanganga ka taea te whakaiti i tō tātou whakawhirinaki ki ngā rauemi mata hou, me te whakaiti i ngā para e mutu ana ki ngā whenua ururua. He whānuitia ngā rauemi pēnei i te raima hangarua, te maitai hangarua, me te rakau hangarua, ā, ka taea te whakamahi me te kore e whakararu i te kounga o te hanganga o te whare.
b. Ngā Rauemi ā-Rohe
Mā te whiriwhiri i ngā rauemi o te rohe ka whakaiti i te tapuwae waro e puta mai ana i te kawe rauemi mai i ngā wāhi tawhiti. Hei tāpiri, mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi o te rohe ka āwhina anō hoki i te ohanga o te rohe.
c. Ngā Rauemi Tauwhiro
He rongonui ētahi rauemi mō te pumau, pērā i te pāma, e tere ana te whakaora, ā, he tino kaha te hanga whare. Ko ētahi atu rauemi, pērā i ngā peita e pai ana ki te taiao me te iti o te VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds), e tino taunakitia ana hoki mō te hauora o ngā kainoho whare.
3. Hangarau Hanga Kakariki
He mea nui te hangarau hei whakatutuki i ngā mahi hanga e pai ana mō te taiao. Anei ētahi hangarau ka taea te whakamahi:
a. Te Hanganga i mua
Mā te hangarau hanga-mua ka taea te hanga i ngā wāhanga whare i waho o te papa, kātahi ka huihui ki te papa. Ka taea e tēnei hangarau te whakaiti i ngā para hanga, te whakaiti i ngā raruraru i te papa hanga, me te whakapiki i te whai huatanga o te wā me te utu.
b. Te Whakatauira Mōhiohio Hanga Whare (BIM)
He hangarau te BIM e āhei ai te hoahoa mamati me te whakahaere i ngā kaupapa hanga. Ka taea e te BIM te āwhina i te matapae tika i ngā whakaritenga rauemi, te whakaiti i te para, me te whakapai ake i te mahi tahi i waenga i ngā momo kaupapa e whai wāhi ana ki tētahi kaupapa.
c. Te Whakaurunga Pūngao Whakahou
Mā te whakamahi i ngā pūtake pūngao hou pērā i ngā panera rā me ngā tāpine hau ka taea te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā wahie pūmua kino ki te taiao. Mā te tāuta i ngā pūnaha pūngao hou ki ngā whare tari ka taea hoki te whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere mō te wā roa.
4. Te Whakahaere Wai Whai Hua
He rauemi nui, he rauemi iti hoki te wai, nō reira me matua whakarite te whakahaere wai i roto i ngā whare tari. Ko ētahi tikanga ka taea te whakatinana ko:
a. Pūnaha Kohikohi Wai Ua
Mā te kohikohi i te wai ua me te whakamahi anō mō ngā mahi ehara i te inu pēnei i te whakamakuku i ngā tipu me te horoi i ngā wharepaku ka taea te whakaiti i te whakamahinga wai ma mai i te whatunga PDAM.
b. Pūnaha Maimoatanga Wai Para
Mā te whakatinana i tētahi pūnaha maimoatanga wai para i roto i tētahi whare, ka taea te maimoatanga me te whakamahi anō i ngā wai para, hei tauira mō te whakamakuku i te māra, mō ētahi atu kaupapa kāore e taea te inu.
5. Te Whakatinanatanga o ngā Mātāpono Hanga Whare Kakariki
Kei roto i ngā mātāpono hanga whare matomato ngā aratohu whānui hei whakarite kia hangaia, kia whakahaerehia hoki ngā whare tari i runga i te āhua pai mō te taiao. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā tiwhikete hanga whare matomato pēnei i te LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) me te Greenship i Indonesia hei paerewa.
a. Te Whai Hua o te Pūngao
He mea tino taunaki te whakatinanatanga o ngā tauira penapena-pūngao i roto i ngā whare tari. Kei roto i tēnei ko te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu penapena-pūngao, ngā pūnaha rama LED, me te whakamahinga o ngā hangarau atamai e taea ai te whakahaere i te whakapaunga pūngao i te wā tūturu.
b. Te Whakamārama me te Hauātanga Taiao
Ko ngā hoahoa whare e whakamahi nui ana i te māramatanga taiao me te hauhautanga taiao, e kore e penapena pūngao anake, engari ka waihanga hoki i tētahi taiao mahi hauora ake, whai hua ake hoki.
c. Wāhi Tuwhera Kakariki
Mā te tāpiri i ngā papa rēhia, i ngā wāhi matomato rānei ki roto, ki te taha hoki o ngā whare tari ka pai ake te kounga o te hau, ā, ka waihanga hoki i tētahi taiao whakamarie ake mō ngā kainoho.
6. Te Whakahaere Para Hanga
He maha ngā wā ka warewarehia ngā para hanga whare, engari he pānga nui tōna ki te taiao. Ko te whakahaere tika i ngā para hanga whare me whai i ēnei mahi:
a. Whakaitihia, Whakamahi Anō, me te Hangarua (3R)
Te whakaiti i te nui o ngā para e puta ana (whakaitihia), te whakamahi anō i ngā rauemi e tika ana mō te whakamahi (whakamahi anō), me te hangarua i ngā rauemi ka taea te tukatuka anō (hangarua anō).
b. Te Wāhi Whakakorenga Tika
Me whakarite kia makahia ngā para kāore e taea te hangarua ki ngā wāhi tika, ā, kia kaua e whakapokea te taiao e karapoti ana.
7. Te Tiaki me te Aroturuki Auau
Kia oti te hanganga, he mea nui te tiaki me te aroturuki auau kia noho pai ai ngā whare tari mō te taiao. Me aroturuki tonu te whakahaere pūngao, te wai, me te para kia pai ai te whai huatanga me te pumau o te taiao.
a. Te Aroturuki i te Pūnaha Pūngao
Mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūnaha aroturuki pūngao whakauru ka āwhina i te tautuhi i ngā wāhi ka taea te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te pūngao, me te waihanga hoki i ngā whai wāhitanga mō te whakapai tonu.
b. Te Whakahaere Wai
Mā te aroturuki i te whakamahinga wai ka āwhina i te whakarite kei te tika te mahi a ngā pūnaha penapena wai pēnei i te kohikohi wai ua me te pūnaha maimoatanga wai para.
c. Mātauranga Noho
Whakaratohia he mātauranga me he whakangungu ki ngā kainoho o te whare mō ngā huarahi māmā hei tautoko i te taiao matomato, pērā i ngā kaupapa hangarua, te whakaiti i te whakamahinga o ngā matū morearea, me te penapena pūngao.
Whakamutunga
Ehara i te mea he kōwhiringa noa iho ngā tikanga hanga matomato mō ngā whare tari, engari he mea nui kia ora ai tō tātou taiao. Mai i te whakamahere whai hua, te whiriwhiri i ngā rauemi e pai ana ki te taiao, te whakatinanatanga o ngā hangarau matomato, tae atu ki te whakahaere wai me te para tika, me aro katoa ngā āhuatanga o te hanganga ki te waihanga i ngā whare tari pumau me te pai ki te taiao. Mā te whakapau kaha me te whakatinanatanga o ēnei tikanga, ka taea e tātou te hanga i tētahi taiao mahi hauora ake, whai hua ake, me te whai kawenga ki te taiao.
