Me pēhea te whakatau i te tikanga hanga tika mō tētahi kaupapa
Ko te whakatau i te tikanga hanga tika tētahi o ngā whakataunga tino nui mō te angitu o te kaupapa. Ehara i te mea ko te "me pēhea te hanga" anake ngā tikanga hanga, engari ko ngā rautaki whakatinanatanga, ngā raupapa mahi, te whiriwhiri taputapu me te kaimahi, te whakahaere kounga, me te whakahaere utu me te wā. Mā te whiriwhiri i te tikanga hē ka arahi pea ki ngā whakaroa, ki ngā utu nui rawa, ki te hekenga o te kounga, tae atu ki ngā mōrearea haumaru. Nō reira, me whai huarahi pūnaha kia tino rite te tikanga kua whiriwhiria ki ngā āhuatanga o te kaupapa me ngā āhuatanga o te papaanga.
1. Kia mārama ki te whānuitanga me ngā whāinga o te kaupapa mai i te tīmatanga.
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te mārama ki ngā tuhinga whakamahere me ngā hiahia o te rangatira kaupapa. Arotakehia ngā tuhi mahi, ngā whakaritenga hangarau, ngā paerewa kounga e hiahiatia ana, me te wā whakaoti e whaia ana. He rerekē ngā tikanga e hiahiatia ana mō ngā whare teitei, ngā rori, ngā piriti, ngā tauranga, ngā wheketere rānei. Hei tauira, ko ngā kaupapa e hiahia ana kia mahi tonu (pēnei i te hōhipera, i te wheketere rānei e mahi tonu ana) me whai tikanga hei whakaiti i te whakararuraru, te haruru, me te puehu.
Hei tāpiritanga, kia mārama te tautuhi i ngā whāinga o te kaupapa: ko te tere te mea nui (te ara tere), ko te whai huatanga o te utu, ko te kounga teitei o te whare, ko te roa rānei o te mau o te hanganga? Ko te tikanga hanga tika te mea tino pai i waenga i ēnei kaupapa matua.
2. Whakahaerehia he rangahau mō ngā āhuatanga o te wāhi me te taiao mahi
Me "aro" ia tikanga ki ngā āhuatanga o te mara. Nō reira, me whakahaere he rangahau wāhi kia tino taipitopito, tae atu ki:
– Te urunga atu ki ngā taputapu me ngā rauemi: te whānui o te rori, te radius tahuri o te taraka, ngā here o ngā hāora mahi, te kaha o te piriti urunga.
– Te āhua o te whenua me ngā āhuatanga o te oneone: te teitei, te kaha o te horo whenua, te kaha o te oneone ki te pupuri i te wai, me te taumata o te wai whenua.
– Ngā āhuatanga e karapoti ana: te kiato o ngā whare noho, ngā whare kua oti kē te hanga, ngā ratonga o raro whenua, ngā wāhi rānei me noho tonu te mahi.
– Te āhuarangi me ngā wā: ka pā te ua nui ki ngā tikanga mahi oneone, te whakarewa me te whakahaere rauemi.
Hei tauira, i runga i tētahi wāhi kuiti i waenganui o te tāone, he pai ake pea ngā tikanga whakarewa i mua i te hanganga nā te mea ka whakaitihia te hiahia mō ngā wāhi mahi me ngā mahi hanga. I tetahi atu taha, ko ngā kaupapa i runga i ngā wāhi nui e ngāwari ana te uru atu ka pai ake pea ki ngā tikanga tuku iho, he ngāwari ake, he ohanga ake hoki.
3. Te tātaritanga hoahoa me te uauatanga hangarau
Me hototahi te tikanga hanga ki te hoahoa hanganga me te hoahoa whare. He pai ake ētahi hoahoa mō ētahi tikanga, hei tauira:
– Hanganga tāruarua, ā, he hanganga kōwae: he mea tino pai mō ngā tikanga hanga-mua, mō ngā pūnaha hanga-ā-ringa hou rānei (āhua tēpu, āhua piki).
– Te whānui roa: me whai tikanga motuhake pēnei i ngā taura whakarewa, te cantilever taurite, te whakamahi rānei i ngā kerēne kaha nui.
– Hoahoa āhua ahurei: he pai ake pea te whakamahi i te tikanga whakarewa-i-te-tūnga me te mahi whakairo motuhake, te hangarau BIM rānei mō te tika o te āhuahanga.
He wāhi anō hoki tō te aro ki ngā āhuatanga. Mēnā he nui te tika o te mahi e hiahiatia ana mō tētahi kaupapa, he pai ake te ōritetanga o ngā tikanga whakahaere hanga (pērā i te hanga maitai, i te hanga mua rānei) i ngā mahi ā-ringa i te mara.
4. Whakaarohia te wā whakatinanatanga me te rautaki whakaritenga.
He hononga tata te whiriwhiri i te tikanga ki te roa o te kaupapa. Whakatauritehia ngā tikanga kē atu mā te whakatauira i tētahi kaupapa mā te whakamahi i te whakamahere whatunga (CPM), te kaupapa wā, ngā tikanga rārangi taurite rānei mō ngā mahi auau. Aromatawaihia mēnā ka taea e tētahi tikanga motuhake te whakatere i ngā mahi nui, hei tauira:
– Kōwhiria te mea kua oti te whakarewa hei tere ake te hanga o te hanganga o runga.
– Te whakamahi i te ranunga kua oti te whakarite me te papu raima hei tere ake i te whakarewatanga.
– Whakatinanahia ngā mahi whakawhiti, ngā mahi whakarara rānei ina taea e te taiao.
Heoi anō, me tere tonu: ko ngā tikanga tere e hiahia ana ki te whakarite i ngā mahi whakarite, te mahi pūkenga, me te whakahaere kounga kia tika ake. Mēnā kāore anō kia rite te mekameka tuku, ka taea e ngā tikanga tere te arahi ki ngā whakaroa.
5. Tātaihia ngā utu katoa, kaua ko ngā utu tika anake.
He hapa noa te whakataurite i ngā tikanga i runga i ngā utu rauemi, i ngā utu mahi rānei. Heoi, ko te mea nui ko te utu katoa o te kaupapa, tae atu ki:
– Ngā utu mō ngā taputapu taumaha, te nekenekehanga/te whakakorenga i te nekenekehanga.
– Ngā utu reti mō te kerēne, te tūāpapa, te pūnaha hanga rānei.
– Ngā utu wā (ngā utu whakahaere o te kaupapa, te reti whenua, te whakahaere).
– Ngā utu mōrearea: te mahi anō, ngā pakaru, ngā kereme, me ngā utu tomuri pea.
– Ngā pānga ki te taiao me te pāpori e hua ake ai ngā utu tāpiri (hei tauira, te whakahaere puehu me te haruru).
He tikanga utu nui te āhua i te tīmatanga, engari he pai ake te utu mēnā ka whakaitihia te roa o te kaupapa, ā, ka whakaitihia te tūponotanga o te mahi anō. Nō reira, whakamahia he huarahi hangarau uara, he tātaritanga utu-painga rānei hei whakatau i tāu whiringa.
6. Arotakehia te wātea o ngā rauemi: te tangata, ngā taputapu, me ngā rauemi
Kāore e taea te whakamahi i tētahi tikanga tino pai i runga i te pepa mēnā kāore e wātea ana ngā rauemi. Tirohia:
– Te wātea mai o ngā kaimahi mohio: ngā kaimahi hanga pereki, ngā kaiwero whaimana, ngā kaiwhakahaere kereini, ngā kaiwhakatakoto hiri, ngā kairūri.
– Te wātea o ngā taputapu: te kaha o te kerēni, ngā taputapu whakairi pou, te tipu puranga, ngā taputapu whakamātautau kounga.
– Te wātea o ngā rauemi: te whakarato i te sima, te kohatu, te maitai, te mea kua oti te whakarewa, ētahi rauemi whakaoti rānei.
Mena kei tawhiti te kaupapa i ngā pokapū tuku taonga, ka mōrearea pea ngā tikanga e hiahia ana kia tukuna mai he taonga i te wā tika. I roto i ēnei āhuatanga, ko ngā tikanga e manawanui ake ana ki ngā piki me ngā heke o te tuku taonga, ā, e āhei ana ki te rokiroki, he kōwhiringa haumaru ake pea.
7. Whakaurua ngā āhuatanga haumaru mahi (K3) hei mea matua
Me whakatairanga ngā tikanga hanga i te haumaru. Arotakehia ngā tūponotanga mō ia tikanga rerekē, pērā i te mahi i ngā wāhi teitei, te hiki i ngā kawenga taumaha, te keri hohonu, te mahi tata rānei ki ngā waka a te iwi. Ko ngā tikanga e whakaiti ana i ngā tūponotanga te mea e pai ake ana.
Hei tauira, mā te whakamahi i ngā mea kua oti te hanga i mua i te whakarewa ka taea te whakaiti i te mahi hanga me te mahi whakapakari i te teitei, engari ka nui ake te mōrearea o ngā mahi hiki. Ko te tikanga o tēnei ka noho haumaru tonu tēnei tikanga mēnā ka tautokona e ngā tikanga mahere hiki, ngā tirotiro taputapu, me ngā kaimahi matatau.
8. Whakaarohia te kounga me te mana whakahaere kounga
Me tutuki i te tikanga kua whiriwhiria ngā paerewa kounga o te kaupapa. Ko ngā mea hei tirotiro ko:
– Te kaha o te tikanga ki te pupuri i te ōritetanga o te kounga o te raima (te hekenga, te whakamaroke, te pāmahana).
– Te whakahaere i ngā ātete me te whakaritenga o ngā āhuatanga.
– Te māmā o te tirotiro me te whakamātautau (NDT mō ngā whakarewa, te whakamātautau kawenga, te keri matua).
– Ngā hapa pea me ngā mahi anō.
Mō ngā kaupapa he nui ngā tono kounga—hei tauira, ngā papa ahumahi e hiahia ana ki tētahi taumata papatahi—me āta whiriwhiri ngā tikanga whakarewa, whakaoti, me te whakamaroke, tae atu ki te whiriwhiri i ngā taputapu pēnei i te paninga taiaho, te whakapakeke papa rānei e hiahiatia ana.
9. Kia tutuki ngā ture me ngā whakaaetanga
He maha ngā wā ka pāngia ngā tikanga hanga e ngā ture ā-rohe, pērā i ngā here haruru, ngā hāora mahi, te whakahaere waka, me ngā herenga whakahaere para. Mō ētahi kaupapa, he mea whakatau anō hoki ngā whakaaetanga rori mō te whakamahi i te kerēni, te kawe rānei i ngā rauemi nunui rawa. Mā te takahi i ēnei ture ka mutu pea te mahi, ka whiua rānei, ā, ka mutu, ka kino ki te kaupapa.
10. Whakatauritea ētahi atu kōwhiringa, kātahi ka whiriwhiria te mea e "tino pai" ana.
I muri i te tātari i ngā āhuatanga katoa o runga ake nei, whakawhanakehia ētahi tikanga rerekē, ka whakataurite mā te whakamahi i tētahi matihiko whakatau. Whakamahia ngā paearu taumaha pēnei i te wā, te utu katoa, te OHS, te kounga, te mōrearea, me te pānga ki te taiao. Ko te tikanga pai rawa atu ko te mea he nui te kaute i runga i ngā kaupapa matua o te kaupapa.
Hei taahiraa whakamutunga, whakahaerehia he whakamātautau whaihua mā te:
– Tikanga whakatinanatanga tuhituhi (tauākī tikanga).
– Te whakatauira i te raupapatanga mahi (raupapatanga hanga).
– Te mahere mō ngā taputapu me ngā tāngata mahi.
– Mahere kounga (QA/QC) me te mahere K3.
– Mahere whakahaere me te tahora o te wāhi mahi (tahora o te papa).
Te Katinga
Ehara i te mea he whakatau tere te whakatau i te tikanga hanga tika mō tētahi kaupapa, engari he tukanga tātari e whai whakaaro ana ki te hoahoa, ki ngā āhuatanga o te papaanga, ki te wā, ki te utu katoa, ki ngā rauemi, ki te hauora me te haumaru mahi (K3), ki te kounga, me ngā ture. Mā te tikanga tika ka whakangāwari i te mahi, ka whakaiti i ngā mōrearea, ā, ka whakarite kia tutuki ngā whāinga o te hua whakamutunga. Mā te huarahi pūnaha—mai i ngā rangahau kaupapa me ngā rangahau papaanga ki te tātari rerekē me te whakawhanake i ngā tauākī tikanga—ka taea e te tīma kaupapa te whiriwhiri i te tikanga tino tika, ā, ka ārahi i te kaupapa ki te angitu.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te whakarite i tēnei tuhinga mō tētahi momo kaupapa motuhake (hei tauira, he whare teitei, he rori, he piriti, he whakahoutanga rānei), me ngā tauira tikanga me ngā rangahau take poto.
