Te Tikanga Whakapūtanga Pupuhi mō te Hanga Kirihou me ngā Momo Kirihou e Whakamahia ana
Pendahuluan
I roto i te umanga takai me ngā hua o te whare, he maha ngā mea kirihou tuwhera pērā i ngā pounamu, ngā kēne tīri, ngā ipu karani iti, ngā takai hopi horoi makawe, ngā ipu hopi horoi, tae atu ki ngā tāke iti ka hangaia mā te whakamahi i te tukanga pupuhi. Ko tētahi o ngā tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te pupuhi whakaputa (EBM) nā te mea he tere te tukanga, he ngāwari mō ngā rahi hua rerekē, ā, he ohanga mō te whakaputa papatipu. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā mātāpono mahi o te tikanga pupuhi whakaputa, ngā wāhanga tukanga, ngā wāhanga matua o te mīhini, ōna painga me ōna herenga, tae atu ki ngā momo kirihou e whakamahia whānuitia ana me ngā take i whiriwhiria ai.
He aha te Extrusion Blow Molding?
Ko te whakapūtanga pupuhi whakaputa he tikanga mō te hanga kirihou tuwhera mā te whakaputa i te kirihou rewa ki roto i tētahi ngongo (e kiia nei ko te parison), kātahi ka herea te parison e tētahi pokepokea ai, ka pupuhihia ki te hau pēhanga kia piri ai te kirihou ki te pakitara pokepokea ai, ka hangaia he hua e ai ki te hoahoa pokepokea ai.
He rerekē tēnei i te whakapūtanga pupuhi werohanga, e whakamahi ana i ngā āhua i hangaia mā te werohanga, ka hangaia e te EBM ngā parisons tika mā te tukanga whakaputa. Nā tēnei ka pai te EBM mō ngā hua rahinga waenga ki te rahinga nui, ngā āhua kaki kāore i te tino tika, me ngā whakaritenga whakaputa teitei.
Ngā Mātāpono Taketake me ngā Wāhanga Tukanga
I te nuinga o te wā, ka taea te whakamārama i te tukanga pupuhi whakarewa i roto i ngā mahi e whai ake nei:
1. Te whakarewa me te whakakirikiri i ngā rauemi
Ka tomo te rauemi mata kirihou (he pirepire/porowhita te nuinga) ki roto i te oko, kātahi ka panaia ki roto i te oko mā te tīwiri. I konei, ka whakamahanahia mārire te kirihou, ka whakarewahia kia rite te rewa.
2. Te hanganga o ngā parisons (ngā ngongo rewa)
Ka puta te kirihou rewa mā te pane o te mata, ka hanga he ngongo tuwhera e iri ana ki raro. He mea nui te matotoru o te parison nā te mea ka pā ki te matotoru o te pakitara o te hua whakamutunga.
3. Te katinga o te pokepokea ai
Ina tae te parison ki tētahi roa, ka kati te pokepokea ai, ka whakapūmau i te parison. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka kōpikohia te raro o te parison, hei hanga i te turanga o te hua.
4. Te pupuhi o te hau
Ka pupuhihia te hau pēhanga mā roto i tētahi pine pupuhi, i tētahi pūwero rānei. Ka whānui te parison, ka piri ki te mata o te pokepokea ai, ka hanga i te āhua o te hua.
5. Whakamatao
Ka whakamataohia te pokepokea ai ki te wai e rere ana hei whakapakeke i te kirihou. Ko te wāhanga whakamatao te mea e whakatau ana i te roa o te huringa me te kounga o ngā āhuatanga.
6. Te whakatuwhera i te pokepokea ai, me te tango i te hua
Kia mātao rawa, ka whakatuwheratia te pokepokea ai, ā, ka tangohia te hua. Ka tapahia te kirihou e toe ana mai i te tukanga whakakā.
7. Te kuti me te whakaoti
Kua tapahia te kaki me te turanga rama. Ko ētahi hua me tukatuka atu anō pērā i te keri, te tāutanga o te taupoki/kakau, te whakamātautau turuturu rānei.
Ngā Wāhanga Matua o te Mīhini Whakarewa Pupuhi Whakaputa
Ko ētahi o ngā wāhanga nui o tētahi mīhini EBM ko:
– Pūwero whakarewa (tīwiri me te oko): ka whakarewa, ka whakaranu hoki i te kirihou.
– Te pane o te mate: ka hanga i te parison; ko tōna hoahoa te mea e whakatau ana i te pumau me te matotoru o te rere.
– He pokepokea ai: ka hangaia te hua whakamutunga; he awa whakamatao tōna.
– Pūnaha pupuhi: e whakarato ana i te hau pēhanga me te whakahaere pupuhi.
– Wāhanga whakapūmau: ka huaki, ka kati hoki i te pokepokea ai me tētahi kaha whakapūmau.
– Pūnaha whakahaere: e whakahaere ana i te pāmahana, te pēhanga, te wā huringa, me ngā tawhā tukanga.
I runga i ngā mīhini hou, he āhuatanga hōtaka parison kei reira, he tautuhinga hihiri o te matotoru o te parison (hei tauira, he matotoru ake i te rohe hopu, he angiangi ake i ētahi atu wāhi) hei penapena rauemi me te whakaiti i ngā hapa.
Ngā Hua Noa i Hangaia ki te EBM
E whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā tikanga EBM hei waihanga:
– Ngā pounamu hopi horoi makawe, te hopi wai, me ngā mea whakapaipai
– Ngā pounamu hinu me ngā pounamu wai mō ngā waka
– Ngā kēne me ngā ipu 1–30 rita (nui ake rānei)
– Ngā karani iti, ētahi pounamu inu (i runga i ngā whakaritenga ārai)
– Ngā taonga tākaro kirihou tuwhera, ngā pōtae, ngā wāhanga motuka tuwhera
– Ngā tāke iti, ngā awaawa, ētahi wāhanga hangarau rānei
He tino pai te EBM mō ngā hua e hiahia ana kia āhua ergonomic me te kakau whakauru, pērā i ngā kēne hopi horoi.
Ngā Tawhā Tukanga e Pā Ana ki te Kounga
Ko ētahi āhuatanga nui o te EBM:
– Te pāmahana rewa kirihou: ki te iti rawa te pāmahana ka kore e pai te rere o te wai, ka taratara hoki ngā mata; ki te tiketike rawa ka pirau.
– Te tere o te whakaputanga: ka pā ki te pumau me te hua o te parison.
– Te pēhanga me te wā pupuhi: ka whakatau i ngā taipitopito o te mata me ngā hapa pea pēnei i te pupuhi kāore i oti.
– Te hoahoa pokepokea ai: ka pā ki te kaha o te hononga i te turanga/taha.
– Te whakamatao i te pokepokea ai: ka pā ki te mimiti me te whakarerekētanga o te āhua.
Ko ngā hapa noa ko ngā pakitara kāore i te ōrite, te kanapa nui rawa, ngā tohu totohu, ngā turuturu rānei i ngā wāhi kua kopikopiko.
Ngā Painga me ngā Here o te Whakarewatanga Pupuhi Whakaputa
Te taikaha:
– Te hua nui mō ngā hua kau
– Ka taea te hanga i ngā āhua uaua tae atu ki ngā kakau kua whakauruhia
– He iti te utu mō ia waeine mō te whakaputanga papatipu
– I ētahi wā, ka taea te huri anō i ngā para (ngā mea whakarewa) me te whakamahi anō i roto i ētahi ōrau.
Te Whakatakotoranga:
– Ko te tika o ngā inenga, inā koa ki te kaki/miro, he iti iho i te whiu werohanga.
– Ka whakaputa i te uira e hiahia ana kia kuti (tāpirihia he taahiraa tukatuka)
– He uaua pea te whakahaere i te matotoru o te pakitara me te kore he hōtaka parison.
– Mō ētahi takai e hiahia ana kia nui te ārai ki te hau (hei tauira, ngā inu warowaihā), kāore pea te EBM paerewa i te tino pai mēnā kāore he rauemi motuhake, he paparanga maha rānei.
Ngā momo kirihou e whakamahia ana i roto i te Extrusion Blow Molding
Ko te kōwhiringa rauemi e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā āhuatanga miihini, te ātete matū, ngā whakaritenga ārai, te māramatanga, me te utu. Ko ngā momo kirihou e tino kitea ana ko:
1. HDPE (Polyethylene Kiato Teitei)
Ko te HDPE te rauemi rongonui mō te EBM, inā koa mō ngā kēne tiēre, ngā pounamu matū whare, ngā hopi horoi, me ngā ipu ahumahi.
Te Hiranga:
– Ātete ki ngā matū me ngā pānga
– He pakari, he mārō, he māmā hoki
– He māmā te tukatuka i runga i te EBM
– He utu whaitake
Ngā Whakamahinga: ngā kēne tiēre, ngā pounamu hopi horoi (kāore e hiahiatia he māramatanga teitei), ngā pounamu horoi, ngā ipu hinu.
2. LDPE me te LLDPE (PE Matotoru Iti me te PE Matotoru Iti Raina)
He ngāwari ake te LDPE/LLDPE i te HDPE.
Te Hiranga:
– Ngāwari, ātete ki te pakaru (stress cracking) i raro i ētahi āhuatanga
– He pai mō ngā hua e hiahia ana ki ngā āheinga "pēhi"
Ngā Whakamahinga: ngā pounamu pēhi, ngā ipu ngohengohe, ētahi momo takai wai.
3. PP (Polypropylene)
He pai ake te ātete wera o te PP i te PE, ā, he tino kaha hoki.
Te Hiranga:
– Te ātete pāmahana teitei ake
– He ātete matū pai
– Pakari, māmā hoki
Ngā Here: i ngā pāmahana iti, ka pakarukaru ake te PP i te HDPE.
Ngā Whakamahinga: ētahi pounamu rongoā/matū, ngā ipu e hiahia ana kia pai ake te ātete ki te wera.
4. PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)
I mua, i whānuitia te whakamahinga o te PVC mō ngā pounamu nā tōna mārama me te ngāwari ki te whakairo, engari kua heke te whakamahinga i ētahi whenua/ahumahi nā ngā āwangawanga mō te taiao me ngā tāpiringa.
Te Hiranga:
– Ka taea te tino mārama, te kanapa hoki
– He pai ngā āhuatanga ārai mō ētahi tono
Kia mōhio: Me tino whakahaere te tukanga PVC hei ārai i te pirau wera (te tukunga HCl).
Te whakamahinga: ētahi pounamu whakapaipai, ētahi takai motuhake rānei (i runga i ngā ture).
5. PETG me ētahi rauemi "Polyester" (kāore i te tino kitea i roto i te EBM)
Mō ngā hua e hiahia ana kia tino mārama, kia ātaahua hoki te āhua, ka whakamahia e ētahi kaihanga ētahi rauemi polyester, ahakoa he nui ake te tukatuka i te PET tikanga mā te werohanga totoro pupuhi.
Taupānga: tākai whakapaipai, ētahi pounamu whakaatu.
6. Paparanga Maha (Whakairoiro Pupuhi-tahi): EVOH, PA (Nailona), me te Resin Piripiri
Mō ngā whakaritenga ārai teitei (hei tauira, te hāora ātete, ngā kakara, ngā whakarewa rānei), ka taea te mahi EBM mā te whakaputanga-tahi maha-paparanga, ka whakaputahia he maha ngā paparanga rauemi i te wā kotahi.
– EVOH (Waipiro Ethylene Vinyl): he ārai hāora teitei; e whakamahia ana hei paparanga waenga.
– PA/Nailona: he pai ake te ārai me te ātete ki ngā warowaihā.
– Papa here/kapia piri: ka āwhina i te piri i waenga i ngā papa e uaua ana ki te piri tetahi ki tetahi.
Ngā Whakamahinga: ngā tāke wahie iti, ētahi takai rongoā/matū, ngā pounamu e hiahia ana kia ātete ki te kakara.
Ngā Whakaaro mō te Kōwhiringa Rauemi
I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā kirihou mō te EBM, ka whakaarohia e ngā ahumahi:
– Ngā whakaritenga mō te kaha me te ātete pānga (HDPE pai rawa atu)
– Te ātete matū ki ngā ihirangi o te hua (he tino pai te PE me te PP)
– Ngā whakaritenga āhua/mārama (ētahi PVC, polyester rānei)
– Ārai ki te hau/kakara (paparanga maha me te EVOH/PA)
– Ngāwari ki te hangarua (he māmā ake ngā rauemi kotahi pēnei i te HDPE i ngā paparanga maha)
– Ngā utu rauemi me ngā utu whakaputa
Te Katinga
He tikanga matua te hanga i ngā hua kirihou kau he tikanga whakamahi i te pupuhi whakaputa, nā te mea he pai, he ngāwari, ā, he pai mō te hanga papatipu. Kei roto i te tukanga te hanga parison mā te whakaputa, te whakapiri pokepoke, te pupuhi hau, te whakamatao, me te kuti. Ko te rauemi e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te HDPE, ā, whai muri ko te LDPE/LLDPE me te PP, ko te PVC me ētahi rauemi polyester e whakamahia ana mō ngā hiahia motuhake. Mō ngā tono he nui ngā whakaritenga ārai, he otinga nui te hangarau whakaputa-maha-paparanga me te EVOH, te PA rānei.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te whakarerekē i tēnei tuhinga ki tētahi putanga hangarau ake (me ngā awhe pāmahana tukanga, ngā momo pane mate, ngā tataunga matotoru parison, me ngā tauira tawhā whakaputa) me tētahi putanga māmā ake rānei mō ngā mahi kura/kāreti.
