Ngā Momo Kirihou e Whakamahia ana i roto i te Tākai Rongoā me te Hua o aua Mea
He mea nui te mahi a ngā takai rongoā hei pupuri i te kounga, te pumau, te haumaru, me te whai huatanga o ngā rongoā mai i te whare hanga ki te tūroro. He rerekē ki ngā takai hua kaihoko tuku iho, me tutuki ngā whakaritenga pakari ake mō ngā takai rongoā: me ātete ki ngā tauhohenga me ngā kai hohe, me tiaki i te makuku me te hāora, me ātete ki te mārama ina hiahiatia, me tautoko hoki i tētahi pūnaha kati piri, parakore (mō ētahi hua). Ko te kirihou tētahi o ngā rauemi e whakamahia whānuitia ana, nā te mea he māmā, he ngāwari ki te whakakorikori, he ohanga, ā, ka taea te hoahoa me ngā āhuatanga ārai motuhake. E matapakihia ana e tēnei tuhinga ngā momo kirihou e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā takai rongoā, ā, e whakaahuahia ana hoki ā rātou tukanga whakaputa.
1) HDPE (Polyethylene Kiato Teitei)
Ngā whakamahinga i roto i ngā takai rongoā:
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te HDPE mō ngā pounamu papa/kāpūru, ētahi pounamu tirikara, me ētahi atu ipu totoka. Ko te HDPE te mea e pai ake ana mō tōna kaha, tōna pakari, tōna ātete ki te pānga, me tōna ātete matū pai. Mō ētahi hua, ka taea te whakakotahi i te HDPE me ngā kati hiri, ngā whakamaroke, ngā raina rānei hei tiaki i te makuku.
Ngā āhuatanga matua:
– Te ātete matū teitei
– He tino pai ngā āhuatanga ārai wai
– He nui ake te mākūkū i te LDPE (ka taea te whakamākūkū)
– He pumau, ā, kāore e ngawari te pakaru
Tikanga whakaputa mōkihi HDPE:
– Te Whakapūtanga Pupuhi Whakaputa (EBM): Ka rewahia te rauemi HDPE ka whakapūtangahia ki roto i tētahi ngongo (parison), kātahi ka pupuhihia ki roto i tētahi pokepoke hei hanga i te pounamu. He pai tēnei tukanga mō ngā pounamu iti ki te rahinga nui, me te hanga papatipu.
– Te Werohanga Pupuhi (IBM): Ka hangaia te āhua tuatahi, kātahi ka pupuhihia kia puta te āhua whakamutunga. Ko te tikanga, ka hangaia e IBM ngā inenga tika ake, me ngā mata maeneene ake.
2) LDPE (Polyethylene Matotoru Iti)
Ngā whakamahinga i roto i ngā takai rongoā:
E whakamahia whānuitia ana te LDPE mō ngā pounamu pata, ētahi ngongo hinu, me ngā takai e hiahia ana kia ngāwari me te ngāwari ki te pēhi. I roto i te umanga rongoā, ka kitea te LDPE i roto i ngā pounamu pata kanohi/ihu me ētahi takai wai rongoā.
Ngā āhuatanga matua:
– He ngāwari ake i te HDPE
– He ātete matū pai
– He iti ake ngā āhuatanga ārai i te HDPE (ina koa ki ngā hau)
Tikanga whakaputa tākai LDPE:
– Te Whakapūtanga Pupuhi: He rite ki te HDPE, ka tukatukahia whānuitia te LDPE ki te EBM mō ngā pounamu ngāwari.
– Te Whakaputa (Kiriata/Ngongo): Hei hanga kiriata kirihou, ka whakaputaina te LDPE, ka hangaia kia rite ki te hiahia, kātahi ka tapahia, ka hiritia i te wāhanga e whai ake nei.
3) PP (Poroporoperene)
Ngā whakamahinga i roto i ngā takai rongoā:
E whakamahia whānuitia ana te PP mō ngā pounamu, ngā taupoki pounamu, ngā pūnu ine, ētahi oko weronga (ngā wāhanga kāore e tino hiahiatia), me ngā ipu e hiahia ana kia nui ake te ātete ki te wera. E whakamahia whānuitia ana hoki te PP mō ngā takai e pāngia ana e ngā tukanga whakahoromata motuhake nā tōna ira rewa teitei ake i te PE.
Ngā āhuatanga matua:
– He pai te ātete ki te wera
– He pakari, he kaha, engari he māmā
– Te ātete matū teitei
– He pai mō ngā wāhanga kati me ngā taputapu tāpiri
Tikanga whakaputa mōkihi PP:
– Te Werohanga: Ka rewahia ngā pire kirihou PP ka werohia ki roto i te pokepoke hei hanga taupoki pounamu, wāhanga tohatoha, pūnu ine rānei. He tino tika tēnei tikanga, ā, he pai hoki mō ngā āhua uaua.
– Te hanga wera (mō ētahi mahi): Ka whakamahanahia te pepa PP, kātahi ka hangaia mā te korehau/pēhanga ki roto i te pokepokea ai.
4) PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate)
Ngā whakamahinga i roto i ngā takai rongoā:
E mōhiotia whānuitia ana te PET mō āna pounamu mārama. I roto i ngā rongoā, ka whakamahia te PET mō ngā pounamu tirikara, huaora rānei, inā koa he painga te mārama o te tirohanga. Heoi, mō ngā matū e pāngia ana e te māramatanga, me tae te PET (he karaka) me whakakotahi rānei ki ngā takai tuarua.
Ngā āhuatanga matua:
– Te māramatanga teitei (tērā pea he tino mārama)
– He kaha ā-mīhini pai
– He pai ake ngā āhuatanga o te ārai hau i te PE, ahakoa kei te hoahoa me te matotoru tonu.
– He pai mō ngā āhua pounamu pumau, ātaahua hoki
Tikanga whakaputa mōkihi PET:
– Te Whakarewatanga Pupuhi Toronga Werohanga (ISBM): He tukanga e rua ngā wāhanga: ka hangaia te whakarewatanga mā te whakarewatanga werohanga, kātahi ka whakamahanahia, ka totorohia, ka pupuhihia ki roto i te pokepoke. Mā te totoro ka kaha ake te kaha me te mārama o te pounamu. He mea noa te ISBM mō ngā pounamu PET kounga teitei.
5) PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)
Ngā whakamahinga i roto i ngā takai rongoā:
He tino rongonui te PVC hei rauemi mirumiru mō ngā papa me ngā kāpūru. He mea whakamahi noa hei kiriata turanga (hei hanga kiriata) kātahi ka hipokina ki te pepa konumohe (taupoki). Mō ngā hua e hiahia ana kia nui ake te tiakitanga mai i te kohu wai me te hāora, he maha ngā wā ka pania te PVC ki ētahi atu rauemi ārai pērā i te PVDC, ki ētahi atu mea rānei pērā i te Aclar (PCTFE).
Ngā āhuatanga matua:
– Ngāwari te hanga (whakamahana)
– He pai te pumau o ngā āhuatanga
– Heoi, kāore te ārai makuku PVC paerewa i te teitei pērā i ngā rauemi ārai motuhake.
Tikanga whakaputa mō te takai PVC:
– Te hanga maramataka (hanga kiriata): Ka tukatukahia te kapia PVC hei rau/kiriata mā te whakamahi i ngā roera maramataka. Kia oti te hanga o te kiriata, ka tirohia te matotoru me te kounga o te mata.
– Te hanga wera: Ka whakamahanahia te kiriata PVC ka hangaia hei "pōkete" mirumiru me te pokepoke.
– Hiri: Whai muri i te whakaurunga o te papa, ka katihia te mirumiru ki te pepa konumohe mā te tukanga hiri wera.
6) PVDC (Polyvinylidene Chloride) hei Paninga/Papa Whakakī
Ngā whakamahinga i roto i ngā takai rongoā:
Kāore i te maha te whakamahinga o te PVDC hei rauemi takai motuhake, engari he mea noa hei paninga tiaki i ngā kiriata PVC (PVC/PVDC) hei whakapai ake i te ārai ki te mamaoa wai me te hāora. He mea nui tēnei mō ngā rongoā hihiko, tairongo rānei.
Ngā āhuatanga matua:
– He arai pai rawa atu mō te kohu wai me te hau
- Whakanuia te roa o te oranga o te hua
– I te nuinga o te wā ka kitea hei paninga, hei paparanga rānei
Me pēhea te whakaputa PVDC i runga i te mirumiru:
– Paninga/Whakapiripiri: Ka pania te PVDC hei paparanga ki runga i te kiriata turanga (hei tauira, PVC) mā te whakamahi i tētahi tikanga paninga motuhake, kātahi ka whakamarokehia, ka whakamarokehia kia piri pūmau, kia ōrite hoki.
7) PCTFE (Polychlorotrifluoroethylene) / Aclar
Ngā whakamahinga i roto i ngā takai rongoā:
Ko te PCTFE (e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te ingoa waitohu Aclar) e whakamahia ana mō ngā mirumiru ārai-rahi, inā koa mō ngā rongoā tino pāngia e te makuku. He nui ake te utu o tēnei rauemi engari he tino pai te tiaki, ā, he pai ake mō ngā hua utu nui, ngā mea rānei he mōrearea pumau.
Ngā āhuatanga matua:
– Ārai haumākū tino tiketike
– He pai te pumau
– He pai mō ngā whakaritenga roa mō te wā e mau ana
Tikanga whakaputa:
– Whakakirikiri kiriata: Ko te PCTFE te tikanga ka whakamahia hei paparanga whakapiri i runga i ngā hanganga mirumiru (hei tauira, PVC/PCTFE), kātahi ka tukatukahia mā te whakamahana me te hiri pērā i te mirumiru noa.
8) PS (Polystyrene) me OPS/HIPS (ngā momo rerekē)
Ngā whakamahinga i roto i ngā takai rongoā:
E whakamahia ana te PS mō ētahi wāhanga pēnei i ngā paepae, ngā ipu tuarua, ngā wāhanga rānei e hiahia ana kia pakari, kia ma hoki te āhua. Heoi, he iti ake tōna whakamahinga i roto i ngā takai rongoā tuatahi i te PE/PP/PET nā te mea he pakarukaru ake, he iti ake hoki ōna āhuatanga ārai i ngā rauemi motuhake.
Ngā āhuatanga matua:
– Pakari, māmā
– Ka taea te mārama (OPS) te ātete rānei ki te pānga (HIPS)
– Kāore i te tino pai mō ngā tono e hiahia ana ki te ngāwari
Tikanga whakaputa:
– Te Hanga Wera: Ka whakamahanahia ngā rau PS ka hangaia hei paepae, hei whakauru rānei.
– Te whakahāngai werohanga: Mō ngā wāhanga iti e hiahia ana kia tika.
9) Ngā Pūnaha Whakaputa Tākai Rongoā: Ngā Wāhanga Hira i tua atu i te Hanga Kirihou
Haunga te whiriwhiri i te momo kirihou me te tikanga hanga, ka whakatinanahia e te umanga rongoā ngā mana whakahaere tukanga tino pakari. Ko ētahi o ngā mahi matua ko:
1. Kōwhiringa o te taumata rongoā: Me tutuki i ngā kapia kirihou ētahi whakaritenga haumaru me te hekenga, ā, me rite tonu i waenga i ngā puranga.
2. Te whakahaere poke: Ka taea e ngā wāhi whakaputa te whakatinana i te horoinga teitei, inā koa mō ngā wāhanga e pā tika ana ki ngā hua parakore.
3. Mana whakahaere kounga: Kei roto i ngā whakamātautau ngā inenga (te mutunga o te kaki o te pounamu), te kaha o te hiri, te whakamātautau turuturu, te matotoru o te kiriata, me te hototahi ki ngā mea kei roto (ngā mea ka taea te tango/te turuturu i ētahi wā).
4. Whakapaipai me te tapanga: Ka taea te tapanga, te tā, te whakairo rānei i ngā pounamu. Heoi anō, me tika te rauemi me te mangumangu hei ārai i te poke, hei whakarite hoki kia mārama te pānui.
5. Pūnaha katinga: He mea whakamahi whānuitia ngā taupoki tīwiri, ngā taupoki ātete tamariki, ngā hiri ārai-whakarerekē, ngā arai hiri whakapūmau rānei, hei haumaru mō te tūroro me te pono o te hua.
Whakamutunga
Ko te kirihou te poutokomanawa o ngā takai rongoā hou nā tōna ngāwari ki te hoahoa, tōna whai huatanga i roto i te whakaputanga papatipu, me tōna āheinga ki te urutau ki ōna āhuatanga ārai. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te HDPE me te PP mō ngā pounamu me ngā taupoki nā tōna kaha me te ātete matū; he pai te LDPE mō ngā takai ngāwari pērā i ngā pounamu maturuturu; he pai te PET mō ngā pounamu mārama ataahua; ko te PVC, PVDC, me te PCTFE te nuinga o ngā mirumiru me ngā taumata rerekē o te tiaki mai i te makuku me ngā hau. Ko ngā tikanga whakaputa pērā i te hanga pupuhi, te hanga werohanga, te hanga wera, me te whakakikorua/paninga he mea nui ki te hanga i ngā takai kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa mahi me te kounga.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te whakarerekē i tēnei tuhinga kia hangarau ake (hei tauira, te tāpiri i ngā tawhā tukanga, ngā tūtohi rere whakaputa mirumiru/pounamu, te matapaki rānei i te whakamātautau pumau me te hototahi o te takai) kia rite ki tō mahi, ki ō hiahia ahumahi rānei.
