Ngā Hipanga hei Whakakore i ngā Hurihuri o ngā Utu Whāngai Kararehe
He wero nui te piki me te heke o ngā utu whāngai kararehe mō ngā kaipāmu kararehe, ahakoa nō te kāinga, nō te arumoni hoki. Ko te whāngai te wāhanga nui rawa o ngā utu mō te whakaputa kararehe—mō te heihei me te ika, he mea nui rawa atu, engari mō ngā manu ruminant, he wāhanga nui tonu, tae atu ki ngā utu hauora me te mahi. Ina piki ohorere ngā utu whāngai, ka heke ngā tawhē hua, ka raru te rere o te moni, ā, ka uaua te kaha ki te whakatutuki i te hiahia o te mākete. Nō reira, me whai rautaki kua whakaritea pai kia kore ai ngā kaipāmu e "tauhohe" noa ki ngā pikinga utu engari kia taea ai te whakahaere i ngā mōrearea mai i te tīmatanga.
Anei ngā mahi whai hua, me ngā mahi ine hei whakakore i ngā piki me ngā heke o ngā utu kai kararehe.
1) Kia mārama ki te hanganga utu me te pūwāhi taurite o te pakihi
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te whakatau i ngā utu whāngai tika mō ia waeine whakaputanga: mō ia kg o te taumaha ora, mō ia rita miraka, mō ia hua manu rānei. Puritia ngā tuhinga auau mō:
– Te utu whāngai mō ia kg me te tapeke o te kai mō ia wā.
– Te Ōwehenga Tahuritanga Whāngai (FCR) te whai huatanga rānei o te whakamahinga whāngai.
– Ētahi atu utu: purapura, rongoā/wero ārai mate, hiko, kaimahi, hekenga uara o te whare herehere.
Mā ēnei raraunga, ka taea e ngā kaimahi pāmu te tatau i te pūwāhi taurite me te paepae utu kai haumaru. Ki te kore he tatau, ahakoa he iti noa ngā pikinga ka "nui ake" nā te mea kāore he paearu mō te whakatau kaupapa.
2) Te kanorau o ngā pūtake whāngai me ngā kaiwhakarato
Mā te whakawhirinaki ki tētahi waitohu kotahi, ki tētahi kaituku rānei, ka ngoikore te pakihi. Ina pakaru te tuku, ina piki rānei ngā utu, kāore he huarahi kē atu mā ngā kaimahi pāmu. E rua ngā huarahi e taea ai te whakatutuki i te kanorau:
– Te kanorau o ngā kaiwhakarato: kia rua, kia toru rānei ngā kaiwhakarato e mārama ana te kounga me te tika o ā rātou tuku.
– Te kanorau o ngā momo whāngai: hei tauira, he huinga o te whāngai i hangaia me te whāngai i hangaia e ia anō (ina koa mō ngā kararehe ruminant, ngā pūnaha whāngai-haurua rānei).
Heoi anō, me pupuri tonu te kanorau i te ōritetanga o te kai. Mā te whakarerekētanga ohorere o te whāngai me te kore urutau ka whakaiti i te mahi a ngā kararehe, ā, ka piki ake ngā utu huna.
3) Waihangahia he taonga ārai me te whakahaere pai o te whare putunga
Mā ngā taonga whakapūmau ka āwhina i ngā kaimahi pāmu ki te ora i ngā wā o te utu nui, te iti rānei o ngā taonga. Ko te kaupapa matua ehara i te mea ko te kohikohi taonga me te kore he mahere, engari ko te penapena i runga i ngā hiahia me te kaha rokiroki. Ngā mea hei whakaaroaro:
– Whakatauhia te iti rawa o ngā taonga (hei tauira, mō ngā wiki 2–4) me te nui rawa o ngā taonga kia kore ai e "mauheretia" te whakapaipai mō te wā roa rawa.
– Me whakarite kia maroke te whare putunga, kia pai te hauhautanga, kia kore he pepeke, ā, me whakamahi i te pūnaha FIFO (tuatahi ki roto, tuatahi ki waho).
– Kia tūpato ki te roa o te wā e pau ana ki te kai me te mōrearea o te harore/te paitini āwherika, inā koa mō ngā kai o te kānga me te keke hinu.
Ki te ngoikore te whakahaere whare putunga, ka pakaru pea ngā taonga, ā, ka nui ake ngā mate i ngā painga.
4) Whakatinanahia ngā hanganga whāngai i runga i ngā kai o te rohe
Ko tētahi o ngā huarahi matua ki te whakatau i ngā piki me ngā heke o te tau ko te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā rauemi kawemai, ki ngā wāhanga rānei e tino piki ana te utu. Ka taea e ngā kaimahi pāmu te tīmata ki te tūhura i ngā rauemi ā-rohe e haumaru ana, e ture ana, e wātea ana i ngā wā katoa, pērā i:
– Pāpaka raihi, pāpaka raihi, pāpaka raihi (me te mana whakahaere kounga).
– Paraoa ika o te rohe (whakamātautau mō te nui o te pūmua me te kakara/kawa).
– Paraoa kokonati, paraoa pīnati, ētahi atu puna pūmua rānei e wātea ana.
– Te kai matomato, te para kararehe, te tarutaru maroke, me ngā para ahuwhenua mō ngā manu ruminant (te kakau witi kua whakapūkaratia, te tarutaru odot, me ētahi atu).
He mea nui, me whakamātautau noa ia kai: te nui o te makuku, te kakara, te tae, te ma, ā, ki te taea, me whakamātautau taiwhanga auau. Ko te mea pai, me tirotirohia te hanganga e te kaiako, te kai totika, te kaimahi hangarau rānei kia mau tonu ai te taurite o te pūngao, te pūmua, me ngā kohuke i roto i te kai.
5) Whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te FCR mā te whakahaere tiaki
Ko te aro atu ki ngā piki me ngā heke o te utu, ehara i te mea ko te kimi i te kai iti te utu, engari ko te whakanui ake i te hua mai i te kai e whakaratohia ana. Ko ngā mahi hei whakapiki i te whai huatanga ko:
– Te whakahaere i te pāmahana me te whakapūhautanga o te whare kararehe kia kore ai ngā kararehe e ahotea (ka whakaitihia te hiahia kai me te tipu e te ahotea).
– Ngā kaupapa hauora: te werohanga, te haumarutanga koiora, te akuaku, me te whakahaere mate.
– Wai inu ma, wai inu rawaka hoki—ka taea e te wai kounga iti te whakaiti i te kai me te pai o te mahi a te whāngai.
– Te whakarerekētanga o te kiato o te whare herehere me te kounga o te paru (mō te heihei).
– Te whāngai i runga i ngā wāhanga (tīmata–kaiwhakatipu–kaiwhakaoti) me tētahi kaupapa rite tonu.
Mā ngā whakapainga iti ki te FCR ka taea te penapena nui i ngā utu whāngai, inā koa he teitei ngā utu.
6) Whakamahia ngā mahi hokohoko me ngā mahi tahi
He iti noa te mana whiriwhiri a ngā kaipāmu iti. Ko te otinga ko te whakatū, ko te whakauru atu rānei ki:
– Ngā rōpū kararehe, ngā mahi tahi, ngā whakahaere rānei.
– He kaupapa hokohoko tahi hei whiwhi utu rarawe me te utu tuku iti ake.
– Ngā hononga mārama ki ngā kamupene matua, ki ngā kamupene tuku rānei (me ngā kirimana mārama).
Mā te hokohoko tahi ka taea te whakarite i te kounga o te whāngai kararehe, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mō ngā utu, ā, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te tinihanga, ngā taonga kāore e rite ana ki ngā whakaritenga.
7) Te whakarite i ngā kirimana utu me ngā mahere hoko ā-wāhanga.
Ki te taea, whiriwhiria he kirimana tuku utu pumau mō tētahi wā motuhake, whakamahia rānei he kaupapa here utu. Ki te kore e taea he kirimana, whakatinanahia he rautaki hoko ā-wāhanga:
– Hokona ētahi ina tīmata te heke o te utu.
– Tāpirihia he hea ina pumau ngā utu.
– Āta karohia ngā hoko nui ina tino piki ngā utu, engari mō ngā taonga ohorere.
Ko te mea nui o tēnei rautaki ko te whai whakaaro nui ki te tuhi me te tātari i ngā au o ngā utu i ia marama, i ia marama.
8) Whakamahia te hangarau me te pupuri tuhinga matihiko māmā.
He tino āwhina ngā tono pupuri pūkete pūtea, ngā ripanga tātaitai rānei mō:
– Aroturuki i ngā utu whāngai kararehe, te kai o ia rā, me te mahi a ngā kararehe.
– Whakatauritehia ngā kaiwhakarato whāngai me ngā waitohu i runga i te utu mō ia waeine whakaputa (kaua ko te utu mō ia kg anake).
– Tātaihia ngā horopaki: “Ka aha mēnā ka piki ake ngā utu mā te 10%?” me “He aha ngā penapena mēnā ka piki ake te FCR mā te 0,1?”
Mā te raraunga, ka whai kiko ake ngā whakataunga, ā, kāore e whakawhirinaki noa ki te māramatanga.
9) Whakawhanakehia he kai rahui mō ngā manu ruminant: te silage me te tarutaru maroke
Mō ngā kau, ngā koati, me ngā hipi, he rerekē ngā kai i ngā wā o te tau: he nui ngā kai māori i te wā ua, he iti i te wā maroke. Ko ētahi o ngā otinga whai hua kua whakamātauhia ko:
– Te hanga silage (he kai matomato kua whakapūkaratia/para ahuwhenua) ina nui ngā rauemi.
– Penapenahia te tarutaru maroke hei rahui mō ngā kai maroke.
– Whakatōkia ngā kākano matomato e ātete ana ki te tauraki, ā, whakahaeretia te hurihanga o te whenua.
Ka whakaitihia e tēnei rautaki te hoko kai tāpiri ina piki ake ngā utu nā te korenga o ngā kai o ia wā.
10) Whakapakari i te rere o te moni me ngā putea ohorere pakihi
He mōrearea mākete te piki me te heke o ngā utu whāngai; ko tōna pānga nui ki te rere o te moni. Me mahi e ngā kaimahi pāmu ēnei:
– Whakatakotoria he pūtea āwhina mō ngā huringa whakaputa 1–2.
– Whakaritea ngā tikanga utu me ngā kaiwhakarato i ngā wā katoa e taea ai.
– Wehea te pūtea o te whare me te pūtea pakihi kia mārama ake ai ngā tataunga.
Ki te pai te rere o te moni, ka nui ake te herekoretanga o ngā kaimahi pāmu ki te hoko i te wā tika, ā, kāore rātou e akiakihia ki te hoko ina teitei ngā utu.
11) Arotakehia te mahi, ā, me tere te whakarerekē
Me arotake ia wiki i muri i ngā panonitanga o te whāngai, o te whakahaere rānei:
– Te pikinga taumaha, te whakaputanga hua manu/miraka, te matenga, me te kai e kainga ana.
– Te kounga o te tūtae (te tohu o te nakunaku), te hauora, me te whanonga.
– Ngā tuhinga o ngā rongoā/huaora me ngā tūponotanga o te mate.
Ki te heke te mahi, me mahi tonu ngā mahi whakatikatika kia kore ai e piki haere ngā mate. He maha ngā wā ka akiakihia ngā kaipāmu e ngā piki me ngā heke o te utu ki te whakamātau i ngā whakaurunga iti ake te utu; ki te kore he aromatawai pakari, ka taea e ēnei penapena te arahi ki ngā mate whakaputa.
Te Katinga
Kāore e taea te whakakore i ngā piki me ngā heke o ngā utu whāngai kararehe, engari ka taea te whakahaere i ōna pānga. Ko te mea nui ko te whakakotahitanga o ngā raraunga utu tika, te kanorau o ngā puna whāngai, te whakapiki i te whai huatanga o te tiaki, te whakapakari i ngā taonga me te rere o te moni, me te mahi tahi i waenga i ngā kaimahi pāmu. Mā te rautaki tika, ka taea e ngā kaimahi pāmu te ora i te pikinga o ngā utu whāngai, engari ka taea hoki te pupuri i te hua me te pumau o ngā hua mō te wā roa.
