Ngā Utauta me ngā Mīhini hei Āwhina i te Whai Hua o te Ahuwhenua
Ko te whai hua te mea nui ki te angitu i roto i te mahi ahuwhenua kararehe o ēnei rā. Ko te pikinga o ngā utu whāngai, ngā utu mahi, me ngā tono mō te kounga me te haere tonu o te whakaputanga e hiahia ana kia tere ake te mahi a ngā kaimahi pāmu, kia whai hua ake, kia tika ake hoki. Koinei te wāhi e whai wāhi nui ai ngā taputapu me ngā mīhini: te penapena wā, te whakaiti i te mahi, te whakaiti i te para, me te whakapai ake i te hauora me te kounga o te hua o ngā kararehe. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā taputapu me ngā mīhini kua whakamātauhia hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te mahi ahuwhenua kararehe, ahakoa iti, ahakoa rahi.
1) Mīhini tapatapahi kai matomato (tapa)
Mō ngā kararehe ruminant pērā i te kau, te koati, me te hipi, ko te kai te kai matua. Ka tapatapahia e te mīhini haehae kai te tarutaru arewhana, te kakau witi, me ētahi atu kai kia rite te rahi. He nui ngā painga: he māmā ake te ngaungau mā ngā kararehe, he tere ake te pau o te kai, ā, he iti ake te maumau nā te mea he iti ake te para.
Hei tāpiritanga, mā te rahi ōrite o te tapahi ka māmā ake te whakaranu i ngā kai (hei tauira, me ngā mea whakawhāiti) ā, ka āwhina hoki i te whakaputa silage. I runga i tētahi pāmu e tipu haere ana, he haumitanga matua te mīhini tapatapahi nā te mea ka pā tonu ki te whai huatanga o te whāngai.
2) Ngā mīhini hanga me te tukatuka whāngai (mīhini whakaranu, mīhini huri, mīhini mira)
Ko te whāngai te wāhanga utu nui rawa atu i roto i te mahi ahuwhenua kararehe. Mā ngā mīhini tukatuka whāngai ka āwhina i ngā kaimahi pāmu ki te whakahaere i te hanganga, te kounga, me te utu o te whakaputa whāngai. Ko ētahi tauira o ngā taputapu e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko:
– He mira hama, he huri rānei hei huri i te kānga, te parai, me ētahi atu rauemi mata rānei.
– Whāngaihia te mīhini whakaranu hei whakaranu i ngā kai kia ōrite te ranunga kia ōrite ai te nui o ia wāhanga o te kai.
– He mira pirepire hei hanga kai pirepire, he mea ngāwari ki te whakahaere, kāore e marara noa, ā, ka whakaiti i te kōwhiringa kai a ngā kararehe.
Mā te tukatuka pai i ngā whāngai, ka pumau ake te mahi a ngā kararehe: ka ōrite ake te pikinga o te taumaha i te wā e momona ana, ka pai ake te pupuri i te whakaputanga miraka, ā, ka pai ake te hurihanga o te whāngai nā te mea kua tohatohahia te kai totika.
3) Mīhini miraka
I ngā pāmu miraka kau, i ngā pāmu koati rānei, he taputapu nui ngā mīhini miraka hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te mahi me te akuaku. He nui te wā e pau ana ki te miraka ā-ringa, ā, he nui hoki te tūponotanga ka piki ake te parahanga mena kāore i te ōrite ngā tikanga akuaku.
Mā ngā mīhini miraka ka tere ake te tukanga miraka, ka hanga he auau miraka ōrite ake, ā, ka āwhina ki te pupuri i te kounga o te miraka. I runga i te tauine nui ake, ka taea te whakapai ake i te pūnaha hei whare miraka paipa, ahakoa kua whakauruhia ki te pouaka whakamatao miraka. Ehara i te mea ko te hua anake te pānga engari ko te kounga anō hoki—koinei te nuinga o te wā ka whakatau i te utu hoko.
4) Tāke whakamatao miraka (tāke whakamatao miraka)
He hua tairongo te miraka. Whai muri i te miraka, me whakaheke tonu te pāmahana o te miraka hei pehi i te tipu o ngā huakita. Mā ngā tāke whakamatao miraka ka mau tonu te kounga kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa tukatuka mahi tahi, ā-umanga rānei.
Mō ngā kaipāmu, mā te whakamatao tere ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te whakakorenga o te miraka, ka whakaiti i ngā ngaronga nā te hekenga o te kounga, ā, ka pupuri tonu i te nui o ngā hoko. Mai i te tirohanga whai hua, ka āwhina tēnei taputapu ki te pupuri i ngā hua o te mahi a ngā kaipāmu mai i te awa ki te awa.
5) Pūnaha whāngai me te inu aunoa
He nui te pānga o te wā me te nui o te whāngai me te wai ki te mahi a ngā kararehe. Hei tauira, i ngā pāmu heihei, mā te whakamahi i ngā mīhini whāngai me ngā mīhini inu nipple ka taurite te wātea o te whāngai me te wai, ka whakaiti i te moumou whāngai, ā, ka maroke te paru.
I ngā pāmu kau, koati rānei, ka āwhina ngā awa wai aunoa me ngā pūnaha rere ki te whakaiti i ngā mahi o ia rā. Ahakoa he nui ake te haumitanga tuatahi, he maha ngā wā ka puta he penapena mahi mā te aunoatanga, ā, ka whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā mahi wātea.
6) Ngā taputapu whakahaere me te horoi i ngā whare manu (pūwero, pahuka, horoi pēhanga)
Ko te horoi i te whare kararehe te tūāpapa o te hauora o ngā kararehe. Ka nui te utu mō te mate, ka mate pea, ka ngoikore te mahi, ka whakapaunga hauora hoki. Ka tere ake te horoi o ngā papa me ngā pakitara o te whare kararehe mā ngā taputapu horoi pēhanga, ā, mā ngā rehu me ngā pūnaha pahuka ka pai ake te tono patu huakita.
Mā te whakamahi i ngā aratohu akuaku tika me ngā taputapu tika, ka taea e ngā kaimahi pāmu te whakaiti i ngā tūponotanga mate, te whakaiti i ngā haunga kino, me te waihanga i tētahi taiao whare witi whakamarie ake. Mō te wā roa, ka piki ake te whai huatanga mā te whakapai ake i te mahi a ngā kararehe me te whakaiti i ngā utu hauora.
7) Ngā mīhini whakahaere paru (te waru paru, te wehewehe, te hau koiora)
Ehara i te mea ko ngā "toenga" anake ngā para kararehe, engari he puna uara ōhanga anō hoki mēnā ka whakahaerea tika. I ētahi pāmu, ka āwhina ngā waru paru kararehe ki te tango i te paru kararehe i ia wā, kia noho ma ai ngā whare witi, me te kore e nui te mahi ā-ringa.
Mō ngā pāmu nunui ake, ka taea e ngā wehewehe te wehewehe i ngā totoka me ngā wai. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā totoka hei wairākau, hei whāriki rānei, engari ka taea te tukatuka anō i ngā wai. Ko tētahi atu huarahi rongonui ko ngā tipu hau koiora, e huri ana i te paru hei hau mō te pūngao, ā, e whakaputa ana i te paru hei tongi. Ka whakapai ake tēnei i te whai huatanga o te pūngao, ā, ka tautoko hoki i ngā mahi ahuwhenua tauwhiro.
8) Ngā pauna kararehe me ngā taputapu ine mahi
He hononga tata te whai huatanga ki ngā raraunga. Mā ngā pauna kararehe ka āwhina i ngā kaimahi pāmu ki te whakatau i runga i ngā meka mō te wā e hauhake ai i ngā kai momona, te tika o ngā kai, me te tipu o ia puranga. I roto i ngā heihei, he pai ngā taumaha tauira hei aroturuki i te ōritetanga.
Haunga ngā pauna, kei reira anō ngā taputapu tautoko pērā i ngā mita pāmahana me te haumākū mō te whare witi, me ngā pūnaha tuhi whakaputanga (hei tauira, te whakaputa miraka o ia rā, te kai whāngai rānei). Mā ngā raraunga māmā noa iho, ka taea e ngā kaimahi pāmu te whakaiti i te utu nui o te whakamātautau me te hapa.
9) Pūwhakatō hua manu mō te whakatipu heihei
I roto i ngā pakihi whakatipu heihei iti ki te rahi, ka āwhina ngā incubator ki te whakanui ake i te maha o ngā hua manu me te pupuri i te kounga DOC (pipi rā-pakeke) pumau. Ko ngā incubator hou he tikanga whakahaere aunoa mō te pāmahana, te haumākū, me te hurihanga hua manu. Ka piki ake te whai huatanga nā te mea he iti ake te taumahatanga o te mahi ā-ringa, ā, he rite tonu ngā reiti angitu o te whakaputanga hua manu.
10) Te whakapūhau me te whakahaere i te āhuarangi o te whare herehere (te hau whakaputa hau, te papa whakamatao, te whakamahana)
He nui te pānga o ngā āhuatanga taiao ki te hua o ngā kararehe, inā koa i roto i ngā heihei me ngā mahi ahuwhenua kaha. Ka pupuri ngā pūnaha hau whakaputa hau i te rere o te hau, ka āwhina ngā papa whakamatao ki te whakaheke i te pāmahana i te raumati, ā, ka pupuri ngā whakamahana i te pāmahana whakamoe mō ngā pi e whāngai ana i te rā. Ka āwhina te whakahaere āhuarangi ki te whakaiti i te ahotea wera, te whakanui ake i te hiahia kai, me te whakaiti i te mate.
Ahakoa te āhua he whakapaunga tāpiri, ko te whakahaere i te āhuarangi te huarahi matua ki te hua. Mā te whare whakamarie ka pai ake te noho o ngā kararehe, ā, ka pai ake te whai huatanga o te whāngai me te tipu.
Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i ngā taputapu me ngā mīhini tika
Hei ārai i te hē o ngā haumitanga, me whai whakaaro ngā kaiwhakatupu kararehe ki ētahi mea:
1. Te tauine o te pakihi me ngā matea matua: tīmata mai i ngā taputapu e whakamahia pinepine ana, ā, e pau ana te wā/te kaha.
2. Te wātea o te hiko, te wahie rānei: whiriwhiria he mīhini e tika ana mō ngā āhuatanga o te wāhi.
3. Ngāwari o te tiaki me ngā wāhanga e manawapa ana: ahakoa he mīhini pai, e kore e whai hua mena ka pakaru pinepine, ka uaua hoki te mahi.
4. Tātaitanga o te wā whakahoki moni: whakatairite i ngā penapena mahi, te whakaiti i te moumou kai, te whakapiki rānei i te whakaputanga ki ngā utu haumitanga.
5. Te whakangungu kaiwhakahaere me ngā paerewa whakahaere: me whai tikanga mahi pai ngā taputapu hou kia tutuki ai ngā hua tino pai, haumaru hoki.
Te Katinga
Ehara i te mea ko ngā taputapu me ngā mīhini kararehe he tohu noa iho mō te ao hou, engari he otinga tūturu mō te whakaiti i ngā utu, te penapena wā, me te whakapiki ake i te hua. Mai i ngā mīhini tapatapahi kai me ngā tukatuka whāngai ki ngā mīhini miraka, ki ngā pūnaha horoi me te whakahaere para, he mahi nui tā rātou katoa ki te waihanga i tētahi pakihi kararehe whai hua ake, pumau ake hoki. Mā te whiriwhiri i ngā taputapu tika mō tō tauine me ō hiahia, ka taea e ngā kaimahi pāmu te whakanui ake i te whakataetae, te pupuri i te kounga hua, me te whakapakari i te manawanui mō te wā roa o tā rātou pakihi.
