Ngā Huānga Konganuku o te Whenua Kawakore
Ko ngā konganuku whenua kawakore he rōpū huānga i roto i te ripanga ā-pūmotu kei te pou tuarua, arā, te rōpū 2. E ono ngā huānga kei roto: te beryllium (Be), te konupūmā (Mg), te konupūmā (Ca), te strontium (Sr), te barium (Ba), me te radium (Ra). He maha ngā āhuatanga matū me ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o ia o ēnei konganuku e wehewehe ana i a ia mai i ētahi atu huānga, engari he rite tonu ō rātou āhuatanga. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga ngā āhuatanga rerekē o ngā konganuku whenua kawakore, tae atu ki ō rātou āhuatanga whānui, ngā whakamahinga, me ngā mōrearea e pā ana.
Ngā Taonga Whānui
Ngā Āhuatanga Ā-tinana
He konganuku pai ngā konganuku whenua kawakore, he pai hoki te kawe wera me te kawe hiko, me te teitei hoki o ngā ira rewa me ngā ira kohua, ahakoa he iti iho i ērā o ngā konganuku whakawhiti. He hiriwa katoa, engari he iti noa ngā rerekētanga tae i waenganui i a rātou. Hei tauira, he hina hiriwa te peryllium, ko te konupūmā ia he hina mā.
He rerekē te mātotoru o ngā konganuku whenua kawakore i ia huānga, engari i te nuinga o te wā he mātotoru ake i ngā konganuku kawakore i te rōpū 1. Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga ā-tinana e tika ana kia mōhiotia ko te pakeketanga; hei tauira, he mārō ake te beryllium i te konupora, i te konupūmā rānei.
Ngā Āhuatanga Matū
I roto i ngā āhuatanga matū, ka tauhohe ngā konganuku whenua kawakore ki te wai, ahakoa kāore i te tere rite ki ngā konganuku kawakore i te Rōpū 1. Ka hangaia e rātou he hauwaiwai me te hau hauwai hei hua o tā rātou tauhohenga ki te wai. Ka kaha ake te tauhohenga i a koe e neke ana i te ripanga ā-pūmotu mai i te beryllium ki te radium.
Ko tētahi o ō rātou āhuatanga motuhake ko tō rātou kaha ki te hanga i ngā kationa me te utu o te +2. Hei tauira, ka hangaia e te konupūmā he kationa Mg²⁺ i te wā e tauhohe ana. Nā te mea e rua ōna irahiko valence ka taea te tango ngāwari hei whakatutuki i tētahi whirihoranga irahiko pumau ake.
Ngā Whakamahinga Konganuku Whenua Kawakore
Pēririuma (Be)
E whakamahia ana te beryllium i roto i ngā momo mahi ahumahi nā tōna pakeke, tōna kaha, me tōna ātete ki te waikura. Ko tētahi whakamahinga nui ko te hanga matapihi hihi-X nā tōna māramatanga ki ngā hihi-X. Hei tāpiri, e whakamahia ana te beryllium i roto i ngā takai hiko, ngā wāhanga rererangi, me ngā taputapu matatau i roto i ngā ahumahi parepare me te rererangi.
Konupora (Mg)
He konganuku mama te konupūmā, he kaha rawa atu ki tōna taumaha, ā, he mea tino pai mō te hanga wāhanga mō ngā waka rererangi, ngā wāhanga motuka, me ētahi atu taonga e hiahia ana ki ngā hanganga pakari engari he mama. Hei tāpiri, he mea nui te konupūmā i roto i te koiora nā te mea he wāhanga matua o te chlorophyll, he tae e tika ana mō te photosynthesis i roto i ngā tipu.
Konupūmā (Ca)
He maha ngā whakamahinga o te konupūmā, tae atu ki te hanga (hei wāhanga o te sima me te raima), te hanga maitai, me te whakamahine huka. I roto i te koiora, ko te konupūmā tētahi o ngā huānga tino nui, e whai wāhi ana ki te whakaheke uaua, te hanganga wheua me te niho, me te tohu pūtau.
Strontium (Sr)
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te Strontium i roto i ngā ahi mura me ngā mura moana nā tōna kaha ki te whakaputa i te tae whero kanapa ina tahuna. Ka whakamahia hoki te Strontium titanate i roto i te hanga kohatu horihori me ngā karāhe whatu nā tōna taupū whakaata me te marara teitei, e tata ana ki ērā o ētahi momo taimana.
Pāriuma (Pa)
E whakamahia ana te pāriuma i roto i te umanga keri hinu me te hau hei taumaha i roto i ngā wai keri. Ko te pāriuma whanariki, kāore e wairewa i te wai, e whakamahia ana i roto i te whakaahua X-ray hauora hei whakataurite mō te whakaahua i te ara kai.
Rādium (Ra)
He huānga irahiko te radium e kitea ana i roto i te taiao i roto i ngā rahinga iti noa iho. I whakamahia te radium i roto i te rongoā mate pukupuku i ngā wā o mua, ahakoa kua whakakapia e ngā isotopes haumaru ake, whai hua ake hoki. I whakamahia anō hoki te radium i roto i te peita kanapa mō ngā wati me ētahi atu taputapu, engari kua mutu tēnei mahi nā te mea he nui ngā tūponotanga ki te hauora.
Ngā Tūponotanga me ngā Whakatūpato
Ahakoa he maha ngā whakamahinga whai hua o ngā konganuku whenua kawakore, he mōrearea anō hoki kei a rātou me whai whakaaro.
Pēriruma
Mā te roa o te pānga ki te puehu, ki te paura rānei o te beryllium ka pā mai he mate manawa mau tonu e mōhiotia ana ko te mate beryllium, te berylliosis rānei. He mate tino kino tēnei e pā ana ki ngā pukahukahu, ā, ka mate pea mēnā kāore e rongoatia. Nō reira, me tino tika ngā tikanga haumaru mō te whakahaere i te beryllium.
konupora
He haumaru te konupūmā mō ngā mahi maha, engari i te āhua paura, rīpene rānei, ka mura rawa. He uaua ki te tinei i ngā ahi e whakamahia ana te konupūmā nā te mea ka tauhohe te konupūmā ki te wai hei whakaputa hauwai, ka taea ai te whakanui ake i te kaha o te ahi.
Konupūmā
Ka taea hoki e te konupūmā i tōna āhua parakore, i roto rānei i ētahi matū (hei tauira, te konupūmā waikura) te whakararuraru i te kiri, i ngā kanohi, me te manawa. Me whai tūpato tika te whakamahinga haumaru i te wā e pā ana ki ngā rauemi paitini.
Strontium me te Barium
Ahakoa he haumaru te strontium i ētahi āhua, kāore i te tūtohutia kia pā atu ki te tangata te strontium irahiko. He paitini anō hoki te barium kua rewa, ā, me tino tupato te whakahaere. He haumaru te barium sulfate kore e rewa, ā, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mahi hauora hei kaihoko rerekē.
Retaata
He huānga tino irahiko te radium, ā, he morearea hoki. Ka taea e te radium te whakararu i ngā kiko me te mate pukupuku i puta mai i te irahiko. Me tino kaha ngā tikanga whakahaere hei whakaiti i ngā mōrearea o te irahiko.
Whakamutunga
He rōpū huānga ngā konganuku whenua kawakore, he rerekē ngā āhuatanga engari he rite tonu ngā āhua matū. Mai i te whakamahinga i roto i te ahumahi me te koiora tae atu ki ngā mōrearea hauora e pā ana ki a rātou, he mahi nui tā ngā konganuku whenua kawakore i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā mara. Nā ō rātou āhuatanga ā-tinana me ā-matū, he mea tino nui ēnei, engari me mātua whakahaere tupato hoki. Mā te māramatanga tika me ngā mahi haumaru tika, ka taea e tātou te whakamahi i ngā painga o ngā konganuku whenua kawakore me te whakaiti i ō rātou mōrearea.
