# Me pēhea te tatau i ngā ira matū
Ko te ira he waeine taketake i roto i te matū e whakamahia ana hei whakaatu i ngā rahinga tino nui o ngā matūriki, pērā i ngā ngota, ngā ngota, ngā iona rānei. He rite te ira kotahi ki ngā matūriki \(6,022 \times 10^{23}\), he tau e mōhiotia ana ko te Pūmau a Avogadro. He mea nui te mārama me te pūkenga ki te tatau i ngā ira i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā tono matū, mai i te tuhi whārite matū ki ngā tātaitanga stoichiometric. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga me pēhea te tatau i ngā ira mārama me te katoa mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga me ngā tauira hei whakahaere i te māramatanga.
## Whakamāramatanga o te Mole
Ko te kupu "mole" he whakarāpopototanga mō te "molecule" ā, koinei te waeine turanga mō te nui o te matū i roto i te Pūnaha Waeine o te Ao (SI). He ōrite te kotahi mole ki te pūmau a Avogadro (6,022 whakareatia ki te 10^{23} ngā matūriki). Mā te ariā o te mole ka māmā ake te tatau a ngā kaimātai matū i te maha o ngā ngota, ngā ngota rānei, nā te mea he iti rawa ina tatauhia takitahi.
Hei tauira, kei roto i te kotahi mole o te hauwai (H\(_2\)) ngā ngota H\(_2\) e 6,022 \times 10^{23}\) i roto i te kotahi mole o te hāora (O\(_2\)) kei roto hoki i te kotahi mole o te hāora (O\(_2\) ngā ngota O\(_2\).
## Te Tātai i ngā Ira mai i te Papatipu
Ko tētahi o ngā huarahi tino noa ki te tatau i ngā mole ko te whakamahi i te papatipu. Ko ngā mahi matua mō te tatau i ngā mole mai i te papatipu koia ēnei:
1. Whakatauhia te papatipu molar: Ko te papatipu molar te papatipu o te kotahi mol o tētahi matū, ā, e hoatu ana i roto i te karamu mō ia mol (g/mol). Ka kitea te papatipu molar i runga i te ripanga ā-pūmotu mō ngā huānga takitahi, ka tatauhia rānei mā te tāpiri i ngā papatipu ngota o ngā huānga i roto i tētahi matū.
Hei tauira, ko te papatipu molar o te konutai pūhaumāota (NaCl) ko te tapeke o ngā papatipu ngota o te konutai (Na, tata ki te 23 karamu/mol) me te chlorine (Cl, tata ki te 35,5 karamu/mol).
\[
Papatipu molar o NaCl} = 23 \, \text{g/mol} + 35,5 \, \text{g/mol} = 58,5 \, \text{g/mol}
\]
2. Tātaihia ngā mole mai i te papatipu: Whakamahia te tātai e whai ake nei hei tātai i te maha o ngā mole:
\[
\text{mol} = \frac{\text{papatipu o te matū (karamu)}}{\text{papatipu molar (g/mol)}}
\]
Hei tauira, mēnā he 117 karamu o te NaCl tā tātou, ā, e hiahia ana tātou ki te mōhio ki te maha o ngā ira:
\[
\kākau{mol NaCl} = \frac{117 \, \kākau{karamu}}{58,5 \, \kākau{g/mol}} = 2 \, \kākau{mol NaCl}
\]
## Te Tātai i ngā Ira mai i te Rōrahi (Hau)
Ko tētahi atu huarahi ki te tatau i ngā mole ko te whakamahi i te rōrahi, inā koa mō ngā hau i ngā āhuatanga paerewa (STP). I ngā āhuatanga paerewa (0°C me te 1 atm), ka noho te mole kotahi o te hau pai ki te rōrahi o te 22,4 rita. Anei ngā mahi:
1. Whakatauhia te rōrahi hau: Tuhia te rōrahi hau i inehia ki ngā rita (L).
2. Whakamahia te tātai ira mai i te rōrahi: Ko te tātai whānui mō te tatau i ngā ira mai i te rōrahi ko:
\[
\text{mol} = \frac{\text{rōrahi hau (L)}}{22,4 \, \text{L/mol}}
\]
Hei tauira, mēnā he 44,8 rita o te hauwai (H\(_2\)) kei te STP,
\[
\kākau{mol H}_2 = \frac{44,8 \, \kākau{L}}{22,4 \, \kākau{L/mol}} = 2 \, \kākau{mol H}_2
\]
## Te Tātai i ngā Mole mai i te Kukū (Otinga)
Ka taea hoki te tatau i ngā ira mai i te kukū o te otinga , e whakaatuhia ana i roto i te molarity (M). Ko te molarity te maha o ngā ira o te solute mō ia rita o te otinga (mol/L). Ko ngā mahi ko:
1. Tuhia te kukū o te otinga (M)
2. Tuhia te rōrahi o te otinga (L)
3. Whakamahia te tātai ira mai i te kukū me te rōrahi:
\[
\text{mol} = \text{Te Molarity (M)} \times \text{Rōrahi (L)}
\]
Hei tauira, mēnā e 2 rita o te otinga HCl me te kukū o te 3 M,
\[
\text{mol HCl} = 3 \, \text{M} \times 2 \, \text{L} = 6 \, \text{mol HCl}
\]
## Tauira o te Tātaitanga Stoikiometric
Ko te Stoikiometry e pā ana ki te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā matū tauhohe me ngā hua i roto i tētahi tauhohenga matū. He tino āwhina te mōhio ki te tatau i ngā mole i roto i ngā tataunga stoikiometric. Anei tētahi tauira māmā:
Te Tauhohenga Tahunga o te Poropane (\(C_3H_8\)):
\[
C_3H_8 + 5O_2 \rightarrow 3CO_2 + 4H_2O
\]
Ngā Hipanga:
1. Tātaihia ngā mole o ngā matū tauhohe me ngā hua: Me kī he 44 karamu o te propane (\(C_3H_8\)). Ko te papatipu molar o te propane he tata ki te 44 karamu/mol.
\[
\k_{mol } C_3H_8 = \frac{44 \, \k_{gram}}{44 \, \k_{g/mol}} = 1 \, \k_{mol } C_3H_8
\]
2. Whakamahia ngā taunga tauhohenga hei tatau i ngā mole o te hau hāora (\(O_2\)) e hiahiatia ana me ngā hua ka puta: Mai i te whārite tauhohenga, ka tauhohe te 1 mole o \(C_3H_8\) ki te 5 mole o \(O_2\).
\[
\text{mol } O_2 \text{ e hiahiatia ana} = 1 \, \text{mol } C_3H_8 \times 5 \frac{\text{mol } O_2}{\text{mol } C_3H_8} = 5 \, \text{mol } O_2
\]
Ngā hua i hangaia:
\[
\text{mol } CO_2 \text{ i hangaia} = 1 \, \text{mol } C_3H_8 \times 3 \frac{\text{mol } CO_2}{\text{mol } C_3H_8} = 3 \, \text{mol } CO_2
\]
\[
\text{mol } H_2O \text{ i hangaia} = 1 \, \text{mol } C_3H_8 \times 4 \frac{\text{mol } H_2O}{\text{mol } C_3H_8} = 4 \, \text{mol } H_2O
\]
Mā te mārama ki ēnei ariā me ngā tikanga, ka māmā ake te tatau i ngā ira i roto i ngā momo āhuatanga matū. Mā te mahi tonu ka āwhina i a koe ki te mōhio ki ēnei tikanga, ā, ka tere hoki te whakamahi i aua tikanga ki ngā whakamātautau matū o ia rā, ki ngā tātaitanga rānei.
