Ngā Whakamahinga o ngā Matū Kore-Paraoa
Ko ngā matū kore-waro he matū kāore e mau ana i ngā mekameka waro-hauwai e āhua ana ki ngā matū waro. Kei roto i ēnei he whānuitanga o ngā kāwai, tae atu ki ngā kohuke, ngā konganuku, me ngā tote. Kua whakamahia ngā matū kore-waro i roto i ngā āhuatanga maha o te oranga tangata mai i ngā wā onamata, mai i ngā hiahia o ia rā ki ngā tono i roto i te pūtaiao me te hangarau matatau. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga ngā whakamahinga matua o ngā matū kore-waro i roto i ngā āhuatanga maha o te oranga.
1. Ngā tono i roto i te ahumahi
a. Te Tukatuka Konganuku me te Whakarewatanga Konganuku
Ko te umanga tukatuka whakarewa tētahi rāngai e tino whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā matū kore-waro. He mea nui te mahi a ēnei matū i roto i ngā tukanga pēnei i te whakamahine, te whakarewa, me te hanga konganuku.
Hei tauira, ka whakamahia te waikura rino i roto i te hanga maitai. Ko te tukanga oumu pupuhi ko te whakaiti i te waikura rino ki te waro, ka puta he rino rewa ka tukatukahia hei maitai. Hei tāpiri, ko te alumina (Al2O3) te rauemi mata matua i roto i te hanga konumohe mā te tukanga hiko Hall-Héroult .
b. Ngā Whakakōkī i roto i ngā Tauhohenga Matū
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā matū kore-waro hei whakakorikori i roto i ngā tauhohenga maha. matū ahumahi. Ka whakamahia ngā whakakorikori whakarewa pēnei i te konukawata i roto i te tukanga Whakahoutanga Whakakorikori hei whakaputa penehīni octane-teitei mai i te hinu. Ka whakamahia ētahi atu whakakorikori whakarewa whakawhiti pēnei i te vanadium (V2O5) i roto i tukanga whakapā hei whakaputa waikawa whanariki, tētahi o ngā matū ahumahi tino nui.
2. Ngā Whakamahinga i roto i te Hauora me te Rongoā
a. Tote Kore-Paraoa hei Tāpiringa
He maha ngā matū kore-waro e whakamahia ana hei tāpiringa kohuke e tika ana mō te hauora o te tangata. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia te konupūmā kāponāte i roto i ngā tāpiringa konupūmā hei whakapakari i ngā wheua me ngā niho. Ko te konupūmā whanariki, e kiia ana ko te tote Epsom, ka whakamahia hei rongoā i te korenga o te konupūmā, ā, he whakamahinga anō hoki mō ngā mate kiri.
b. Ngā Āhua Whakarerekētanga i roto i te Whakaahua Hauora
Ka whakamahia ngā matū kore-waro pērā i te barium sulfate hei matū rerekē i roto i ngā tikanga whakaahua hauora pērā i ngā hihi-X me ngā karapa CT. Ka āwhina ēnei matū ki te whakanui ake i te rerekētanga o ngā whakaahua ka puta, kia mārama ake ai te kite a ngā tākuta i te hanganga me te mahi a ngā whekau o roto.
c. Paturopi me te patu harore
He kaha ngā āhuatanga patu huakita me te patu harore o ētahi matū kore-waro. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia te hiriwa nitrate hei rongoā patu huakita mō te rongoā i ngā wera me ngā mate puku. He maha hoki te whakamahinga o tēnei matū i roto i ngā takai hauora hei ārai i ngā mate huakita.
3. Ngā Whakamahinga i roto i te Ahuwhenua
a. Tongi
He mea nui ngā matū kore-waro ki te ahuwhenua hei tongi. Ko te hauota, te phosphate, me te pāhare pākawa ngā matūkai matua e hiahiatia ana e ngā tipu mō te tipu hauora. Ko ngā tongi kore-waro pērā i te ammonium nitrate me te pāhare pākawa pūhaumāota he puna matūkai ka mimiti wawetia e ngā tipu, ā, ka piki ake ngā hua ahuwhenua.
b. Te Whakahaere i ngā Pepeke
Ka whakamahia hoki ngā matū kore-waro i roto i ngā patu pepeke hei whakahaere i ngā pepeke me ngā mate tipu. Ko tētahi tauira ko te konukura whanariki, e whakamahia ana hei patu harore hei ārai i te tipu harore i runga i ngā tipu. Ka āwhina tēnei matū ki te tiaki i ngā tipu mai i te mate me te whakanui ake i te hua.
4. Ngā Whakamahinga i roto i ngā Rauemi
a. Karāhe me ngā Uku
Ngā matū kore-waro pērā i te silicon He wāhanga matua te hauhā silicon (SiO2) i roto i te hanga karāhe me ngā uku. Ka rewahia te onepu silica, he mea hanga mai i te hauhā silicon, hei hanga i ngā momo karāhe, tae atu ki ngā matapihi, ngā pounamu, me ngā karāhe whatu.
b. Sima me te Konukuraiti
I roto i te umanga hanga, ko ngā matū kore-waro pēnei i te konupūmā waikura me te konupūmā hauwai ngā kai matua o te sima me te raima. Ko te tauhohenga waikura o te sima ka puta he paraoa mārō, he pūmau, e hanga ana i te tuara o ngā hanganga whare.
c. Ngā Tae me ngā Peita
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā tae kore-waro ki te hanga peita. Ko te hauhā titanium tētahi o ngā tae mā e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā peita, i ngā kirihou, me te pepa hei whakarato i te mārama me te kanapa. Ko ētahi atu tae kore-waro, pērā i te cobalt aluminate, ka whakarato i te kikorangi kanapa, ā, ka whakamahia i roto i ngā mahi toi me ngā mahi ahumahi.
5. Ngā Taupānga Hangarau me te Pūngao
a. Ngā Hikohiko me ngā Ārahi-Haumaru
He mea nui te mahi a ngā matū kore-waro i roto i te hangarau hiko. Hei tauira, ko te silicon i roto i te ahua o te silicon dioxide te rauemi semiconductor matua e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga o ngā tukatuka iti me ētahi atu taputapu hiko. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā matū pēnei i te gallium arsenide me te indium phosphide e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā hangarau whakawhitiwhiti kōrero pēnei i ngā diode laser me ngā LED.
b. Ngā Pūhiko me te Rokiroki Pūngao
He taputapu te pākahiko e penapena ana i te pūngao matū, ā, e tukuna ana hei hiko. He maha ngā pākahiko hou e ahu mai ana i ngā matū kore-waro. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia te konutai konutai lithium i roto i ngā pākahiko lithium-ion, e rongonui ana mō te whakamahinga i roto i ngā waea atamai, ngā pona, me ngā waka hiko.
c. Ngā Pūtau Rā
Ka whakamahia hoki ngā matū kore-waro i roto i ngā hangarau pūngao hou pēnei i ngā pūtau rā. Ko te silicon tioata te rauemi matua i roto i te nuinga o ngā pūtau rā photovoltaic. Hei tāpiri, kei te haere tonu ngā rangahau mō ngā pūtau rā e ahu mai ana i te perovskite kore-waro, e oati ana i te pai ake o te mahi me te iti ake o ngā utu whakaputa.
6. Ngā Whakamahinga i roto i te Taiao
a. Te Maimoatanga Wai
Ka whakamahia ngā matū kore-waro ki te maimoatanga wai hei inu, hei maimoatanga hoki mō ngā wai para. Hei tauira, ko te konupūmā konupūmā, e mōhiotia ana ko te alum, ka whakamahia i roto i te tukanga whakapūmau hei tango i ngā matūriki korōria mai i te wai. He pūhui te haurore me te ozone he matū whakahāora kaha e whakamahia ana hei patu huakita i te wai me te patu i ngā huakita.
b. Te Whakaora Taiao
Ka whakamahia hoki ngā matū kore-waro ki te whakaora i te taiao hei whakatika i te parahanga. Hei tauira, ko te zeolite, e whakamahia ana hei mimiti i ngā konganuku taumaha mai i te oneone me te wai kua poke. He pai te mahi a ēnei matū hei mimiti, hei āwhina i te tango i ngā poke kino mai i te taiao.
Whakamutunga
He whānuitia ngā whakamahinga o ngā matū kore-waro, ā, he mea nui ki te oranga o te tangata o ēnei rā. Mai i te ahumahi me te hauora ki te ahuwhenua me ngā rauemi hanga, te hangarau, me te taiao, ko ēnei matū te tūāpapa o ngā tukanga me ngā hua nui. Mā te mārama ake ki ngā āhuatanga me ngā whakamahinga o ngā matū kore-waro ka arahi pea ki ngā auahatanga me ngā whanaketanga hou ā muri ake nei, ka whakarei ake i te kounga o te oranga o te tangata. Me ngā whanaketanga o te pūtaiao me te hangarau, ko te tūhura i te pūmanawa o ngā matū kore-waro ka whakatuwhera pea i ngā whakamahinga kāore i whakaarohia i mua.
