Ngā Huarahi Whai Hua hei Waihanga i ngā Matapae Hoko
Ko te matapae hoko he tukanga whakatau tata i ngā tatauranga hoko ā muri ake nei i runga i ngā raraunga o mua, ngā au o te mākete, ngā āhuatanga pakihi, me ētahi atu āhuatanga tautoko. Mō ngā kamupene mai i te iti ki te rahi, ka āwhina ngā matapae tika ki te whakaiti i te koretake o te whakatau kaupapa. Mā ngā matapae, ka taea e ngā pakihi te whakamahere tika ake i ngā taonga, te whakaputa, te kimi kaimahi, ngā tahua hokohoko, tae atu ki ngā rautaki whakawhānui. Heoi, ko te hanga i tētahi matapae hoko ehara i te "whakapae" noa i ngā tatauranga hoko; me whai tikanga, raraunga, me te aromatawai auau kia pono ai ngā hua.
Anei ngā huarahi whai hua hei waihanga i ngā matapae hoko he tika ake, he tika ake hoki mō ngā hiahia pakihi.
1. Kia mārama ki te kaupapa o te matapae, ā, kia whakatauhia te pae tawhiti.
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te tautuhi i te kaupapa o te matapae. He mea whakamahi te matapae (hei tauira, te rarangi taonga me te whakaputa), he mea pūtea (ngā whāinga rere moni me ngā whiwhinga moni), he mea rautaki mō te wā roa rānei (te whakawhānui, te whakatuwheratanga peka, me ētahi atu)? Mā tēnei kaupapa ka whakatauhia ngā raraunga motuhake e hiahiatia ana me te tikanga tino tika.
Muri iho, whakatauhia tō pae wā: ia rā, ia wiki, ia marama, ia toru marama, ia tau rānei. Ko ngā matapae wā poto he tika ake, he whai hua ake hoki mō ngā mahi, ko ngā matapae wā roa ia he nui ake te awe o ngā whakaaro ōhanga whānui pēnei i te ōhanga, te hunga whakataetae, me ngā huringa whanonga kaihoko.
2. Kohikohi me te whakarite i ngā raraunga hītori
Me mārama ngā raraunga e hiahiatia ana mō te matapae pai. Tīmata mā te kohikohi i ngā raraunga hoko o mua mō ngā marama 12 kua hipa, arā, mō ngā marama 24–36 pea hei hopu i ngā tauira o te wā. Me whakauru ngā raraunga ki:
– Te rahinga me te uara o ngā hoko mō ia wā
– Hua, kāwai hua rānei
– Te wāhi hokohoko, te hongere rānei (toa tuimotu, mākete, paetukutuku, kaihoko)
– Ngā utu hoko, ngā hekenga me ngā whakatairanga
– Ngā raraunga taonga me te wātea o ngā hua
– Ngā raraunga mō te wā tuku (mēnā e tika ana)
Horoia ngā raraunga mai i te tāruarua, ngā hapa whakauru, me ngā hapa kāore e tika ana. Hei tauira, ko te pikinga nui o ngā hoko nā te tauwhitinga kotahi-wā nui ka pā ki te toharite. Ka tuhia tonutia aua hapa, engari me whakahaere motuhake kia kore ai e whakapohehetia te matapae.
3. Wehewehea ngā hoko kia tika ake ai ngā matapae
He hapa noa te waihanga i ngā matapae i runga i te tapeke o ngā hoko me te kore e wehewehe i ngā kaituku matua. Heoi, he rerekē ngā au o ia hua, rohe, me te hongere. Mā te wehewehenga ka taea e koe te tautuhi i ngā tauira motuhake ake, pēnei i:
– He pumau te Hua A engari he rerekē te Hua B
– Kei te tere piki haere ngā hoko o te mākete, engari kei te noho pōturi ngā hoko tuimotu
– He nui te awe o ngā wā, o ngā huihuinga ā-rohe rānei ki ētahi wāhi
Mā te wehewehenga, ka taea te whakahiato i ngā matapae kia tino taipitopito ake, kātahi ka whakarapopototia hei matapae mō te kamupene katoa. He tika ake tēnei huarahi i te hanga i tētahi matapae kotahi, whakakotahi.
4. Tāutuhia ngā au, ngā āhuatanga o te wā, me ngā tauira tipu
Kia oti ngā raraunga te whakarite, whakahaerehia he tātaritanga taketake:
– Te Ia Au: Kei te piki ake, kei te heke iho rānei ngā hoko, kei te pumau tonu rānei?
– Ngā āhuatanga o te wā: He tauira anō kei te puta tonu mai i ētahi marama, pērā i te pikinga o ngā utu i te wā o te Ramadan, te mutunga o te tau, ngā wā utu rānei?
– Huringa whakatairanga: Ka piki ake ngā hoko i roto i ētahi hekenga utu, i ētahi kaupapa whakatairanga rānei?
– Ngā huringa utu: Ka pāngia te rahinga e te pikinga o te utu?
He mea nui ēnei tauira mō te whakatau i ngā tikanga matapae me te whakawhanake i ngā whakapae tūturu.
5. Kōwhiria te tikanga matapae e tika ana
Kāore he tikanga kotahi e pai ana mō ngā pakihi katoa. Anei ētahi tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana:
a) Te Toharite Nekehanga
He pai te tikanga toharite neke mō ngā hoko pumau. Ka tangohia e koe te toharite o ngā wā kua hipa (hei tauira, 3, 6 rānei marama) hei matapae i te wā e whai ake nei. Ko te ngoikoretanga he iti ake te aro o tēnei tikanga ki ngā huringa tere o te ia.
b) Te Whakamaeneene Taupūnga
He ngāwari ake te urutau i te toharite neke nā te mea he nui ake te taumaha o ngā raraunga hou. He pai mō ngā pakihi e pāngia ana e ngā huringa au engari kāore i te tino nui rawa.
c) Te Matapae Auaha (Whakataurite Raina Māmā)
Mena ka whakaatu ngā hoko i te tipu, i te heke rānei, ka taea e te whakatauira te whakaatu i ngā au i runga i ngā tauira o mua. He whai hua tēnei tikanga mō te tautuhi i ngā au tipu, engari me whakarerekē tonu mēnā he nui ngā huringa o te mākete.
d) Matapae ā-Wā
Mena he nui te awe o ngā wā ki tō pakihi, whakamahia he tauira e whakauru ana i ngā āhuatanga o te wā. Hei tauira, ka piki ake pea ngā hoko o ētahi kai me ngā inu i ngā wā hararei, engari ka piki ake pea ngā hua ahua i te mutunga o te tau.
e) Matapae e hangai ana ki te paipa (mō ngā kamupene pakihi-a-iwi)
Mō ngā pakihi B2B, he tika ake ngā matapae ina ahu mai i te ara hokohoko: te maha o ngā arahi, ngā whai wāhitanga, te wāhanga o te mahi hokohoko, me te tūponotanga kati. Ka whakakotahihia e tēnei tikanga ngā raraunga o mua me te whakatau tata i ngā tukanga hokohoko.
6. Whakauruhia ngā taurangi o waho e tika ana
Ka tika ake ngā matapae mēnā ka whakaurua ngā āhuatanga i tua atu i ngā raraunga o mua, pēnei i:
– Ngā mahere whakatairanga me ngā kaupapa hokohoko
– Ngā huringa utu, ngā whakakotahitanga, ngā whakarewatanga hua hou rānei
– Ngā āhuatanga ōhanga (te pikinga utu, te mana hoko, te reiti whakawhiti moni)
– Ngā mahi whakataetae (ngā hekenga nui, te whakatuwheratanga o ngā peka, te whakawhānui)
– Ngā panonitanga o ngā ture, o ngā kaupapa here rānei o te tūāpapa (hei tauira, te mākete)
Ko te huarahi whai hua ko te waihanga i ngā horopaki: te hihiri, te āhua taurite, me te āhua matapae, kia kore ai e kotahi noa te matapae a te kamupene.
7. Whakauruhia ngā tīma hokohoko me ngā tīma whakahaere
Kaua ngā matapae hoko e waihangahia e te rōpū kotahi. Kei te tīma hokohoko ngā mōhiohio mara: ngā kiritaki nui e hokihoki ana, ngā mōrearea o te hurihanga, ngā whai wāhitanga tuku tono rānei. E mārama ana te tīma whakahaere ki te kaha whakaputa, te rarangi taonga, me ngā wā arahi. E mārama ana te tīma hokohoko ki ngā kaupapa hokohoko e haere ake nei.
Mā te mahi tahi a ngā tīma ka māmā ake te whakatutuki i ngā matapae—ehara ngā tau i te mea nō te ripanga tātai noa iho, engari e whakaata ana i ngā āhuatanga tūturu.
8. Whakatūria ngā whakapae kia mārama, kia tuhia hoki.
Me mārama te whakamārama i tētahi matapae pai. Tuhia ngā whakapae matua, hei tauira:
– Te tipu o ngā hoko o te 8% ia hauwhā i runga i te ia o ngā marama 12 kua hipa
– Te pikinga o ngā hoko e 20% i roto i tētahi marama nā ngā whakatairanga
– 5% te hekenga nā ngā whakarerekētanga utu
He mea nui te tuhi i ēnei whakapae kia taea ai e te tīma te rangahau i te take ina rerekē ngā hua tuturu i ngā matapae: mēnā he whakapae hē, he āhuatanga o waho rānei i ohoreretia.
9. Inehia te tika o te matapae me te whakapai ake
Ehara te matapae i te mahi kotahi-wā. Me ine koe i te tika mā te whakamahi i ngā inenga pēnei i:
– MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) hei tiro i te hapa ōrau toharite
– MAD (Tohu Āhua Mutunga) hei tiro i te rerekētanga tino
– Te whakataurite i te matapae me te whakatutukitanga mō ia hua/hongere
Whakahaerehia ngā aromatawai auau (hei tauira, ia marama) me te whakahou i te tauira mēnā ka huri ngā tauira. He hihiri te pakihi—ko ngā tikanga i mahi i tērā tau, tērā pea kāore e mahi i tēnei tau.
10. Whakamahia ngā taputapu hei āwhina i te aunoatanga.
I te tīmatanga, ka taea te waihanga i ngā matapae mā te whakamahi i te Excel, i te Google Sheets rānei. Heoi, i te tipu haere o ō raraunga, me te whakawhānui ake i ō hongere, whakaarohia te whakamahi i:
– Ngā Papatohu BI (Power BI, Looker Studio, Tableau)
– Pūnaha CRM mō te pūnaha hokohoko
– Pūmanawa rarangi taonga/ERP mō te tukutahitanga o ngā taonga me ngā tono
– He tauira matapae māmā i runga i te Python, i ētahi atu taputapu tātari rānei
Ka whakaitihia ngā hapa ā-ringa e te aunoatanga, ā, ka tere ake te whakahōu i ngā matapae.
Te Katinga
Ko tētahi huarahi whai hua ki te waihanga i tētahi matapae hoko ko te whakakotahi i ngā raraunga hītori tika, te wehewehenga tika, ngā tikanga matapae tika, me ngā whakatikatika i runga i ngā āhuatanga o roto, o waho hoki. Ehara te matapae i te matapae "pūmau", engari he taputapu whakatau e whakatikatikaina tonutia ana i roto i te wā. Mā te aromatawai me te mahi tahi auau puta noa i ngā tīma, ka taea e ngā kamupene te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea o te nui rawa o ngā taonga, te iti o ngā taonga, ngā whāinga kāore i te tino pono, me te nui rawa o te tahua.
Hei whakamutunga, ehara i te mea ko ngā tau anake te kaupapa o tētahi matapae hoko pai, engari ko te hanga i tētahi tukanga pumau: te ine, te ako, me te whakamahine tonu i ngā rautaki pakihi.
