Rautaki hei Whakanui ake i te Wātea ki ngā Hua
Ko te urunga atu ki te hua ko te āheinga o tētahi hua ki te whakamahi e te tini o te tangata, tae atu ki te hunga he iti noa iho ō rātou kaha tinana, ā-kanohi, ā-hinengaro, ā-reo, ā-āhuatanga (hei tauira, he nui ā rātou ringaringa), he iti noa iho rānei ō rātou kaha taputapu me te whatunga. I roto i te horopaki o ngā pakihi hou—ina koa ko ngā hua matihiko—ehara te urunga atu i te "āhuatanga tāpiri" noa iho, engari he tūāpapa mō te kounga, te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, me te manaaki kaiwhakamahi. Ko ngā hua urunga atu he māmā ake te whakamahi, he pono ake, ā, he rite ake ki te whakawhānui atu ki tētahi mākete whānui.
Anei ngā rautaki whai hua hei whakapai ake i te urunga atu ki ngā hua puta noa i te poari—mai i te rangahau, te hoahoa, te whakawhanaketanga, tae atu ki te aromatawai tonu.
1. Hangaia he māramatanga kanorau mō ngā kaiwhakamahi mai i te tīmatanga
Ko te rautaki urunga whai hua ka tīmata mā te mahere i ngā hiahia o te kaiwhakamahi. He maha ngā hua kāore e taea te uru atu, ehara i te mea nā te kore o te hiahia, engari nā ngā whakaaro whaiti mō te "kaiwhakamahi noa." Whakahaerehia he rangahau e kapi ana i ngā momo pūkenga me ngā horopaki:
– Ngā uiuinga me ngā rangahau e whai wāhi ana ngā kaiwhakamahi he hauātanga tirohanga, taringa, nekeneke, me te hinengaro.
– Mātakitaki i te horopaki whakamahinga: ngā taputapu iti te kounga, ngā mata iti, ngā whatunga puhoi, te whakamahinga o waho, ngā āhuatanga haruru rānei.
– Ngā tāngata whakauru: waihangahia he tāngata e whakaatu ana i ngā hiahia urunga (hei tauira, ngā kaiwhakamahi pānui mata, ngā kaiwhakamahi wiri, ngā kaiwhakamahi dyslexia).
Mā ngā raraunga tūturu, ka taea e ngā tīma te karo i ngā whakataunga hoahoa kāore i te pai, me te whakaiti i te utu o ngā whakapainga o muri mai.
2. Whakamahia ngā mātāpono hoahoa whānui
Ko te whāinga o te hoahoa whānui he whakamahi i tētahi hua e te tini o te tangata, me te kore e hiahiatia he whakarerekētanga motuhake. Ko ōna whakamahinga ko:
– He āhua mārama, he āhua ōrite hoki: he whakarōpūtanga tirohanga, he nui te wāhi mā, me te tahora kāore e "pōhēhē".
– Te taunekeneke ngāwari: hei tauira, hei tāpiri atu ki ngā tohu swipe, ka whakaratohia ngā pātene; hei tāpiri atu ki te tāuru reo, ka whakaratohia te tāuru ā-ringa.
– Te manawanui ki ngā hapa: te whakaū i mua i ngā mahi mōrearea, te whakakore/te mahi anō, me ngā karere hapa āwhina.
Ehara i te mea ka āwhina noa tēnei mātāpono i ngā kaiwhakamahi he hiahia motuhake ō rātou, engari ka whakapai ake hoki i te wheako o ngā kaiwhakamahi katoa.
3. Whakapai ake i te rerekētanga, te momotuhi, me te ngāwari o te pānui
Ko te ngāwari ki te pānui te mea e warewarehia ana, engari he nui tōna pānga. Ko te rautaki:
– Kia rawaka te rerekētanga tae i waenga i te tuhinga me te papamuri (kaua e whakamahi i te tuhinga hina mārama i runga i te papamuri mā).
– He rawaka te rahi momotuhi, ā, ka taea te whakanui ake me te kore e pakaru te tahora.
– Ngā momotuhi māmā: karohia ngā momotuhi whakapaipai mō ngā tuhinga roa.
– Kaua e whakawhirinaki ki te tae anake hei kawe i ngā kōrero. Hei tauira, kaua e whero noa te tūnga "hapa", engari me whakauru hoki he ata me te tuhinga whakamārama.
Mā te ngāwari o te pānui ka whakaiti i te ngenge o ngā kanohi, ka whakapai ake hoki i te mārama, inā koa mō ngā kaumātua me ngā kaiwhakamahi he ngoikore te tirohanga.
4. Kia tino taea te whakamahi i te papapātuhi me te hangarau āwhina hei āwhina i te whakatere.
Mō ngā hua matihiko, ko te kaha o te urunga atu ko te hototahi ki ngā taputapu āwhina pēnei i ngā kaipānui mata me te whakatere papapātuhi. Ngā mahi matua:
– Me arorau te raupapa arotahi.
– E kitea mārama ana te tohu arotahi.
– He tapanga tika ngā wāhanga taunekeneke (pātene, hononga, taka-iho) mō ngā kaipānui mata.
– Āta karohia ngā huānga kore-tikanga e whakauaua ana i ngā kaipānui mata, hei tauira, ngā pātene i hangaia mai i ngā div kāore he tūranga tika.
He māmā noa te whāinga: me taea te whakamahi i ngā mahi matua katoa ahakoa kāore he kiore, ā, me "mārama" tonu mā te hangarau āwhina.
5. Waihangahia he ihirangi e ngāwari ana ki te mārama, e whai wāhi ana hoki ki te reo.
Ehara i te mea ko te tirohanga me te hangarau anake te mea e wātea ana, engari ko te reo anō hoki. He uaua pea ngā hua he uaua te reo, he koretake hoki ngā tohutohu mō ngā kaiwhakamahi, inā koa ko te hunga he hauātanga hinengaro, ko te hunga ehara nei i te kaikōrero taketake.
– Whakamahia he rerenga poto, he kupu ōrite, ā, he hanganga mārama.
– Homai he tārua iti āwhina: ngā tauira o ngā whakatakotoranga tāuru, ngā herenga pūāhua, me ngā take hapa.
– Tāpirihia ngā whakarāpopototanga, ngā kōrero whakahirahira rānei ki ngā kōrero nui.
– Whakaarohia te rapunga reo ā-rohe: ngā whakamāoritanga tika, ngā whakatakotoranga rā/tau e tika ana, me te tautoko reo maha ina tika.
Mā te mārama o ngā ihirangi ka angitu te kaiwhakamahi ki te whakaoti i ngā mahi (te whakaoti mahi).
6. Whakaratohia he huarahi kē atu i te oro me te ataata
He maha ngā wā kei roto i ngā hua ngā mōhiohio i roto i te āhua oro, oro rānei. Kia wātea ai:
– Me tika, me tukutahi hoki ngā hauraro o ngā ataata.
– Me whai tuhinga ororongo.
– Me whai tuhinga rerekē (kuputuhi rerekē) ngā whakaahua whakamōhio hei whakamārama i te tikanga.
– Me tāpiri ngā whakamārama tuhinga, ngā ripanga raraunga rānei ki ngā kauwhata/ngā hoahoa.
He huarahi kē tēnei hei āwhina i ngā turi, i ngā matapo, me ngā kaiwhakamahi kei roto i ētahi āhuatanga (hei tauira, kāore e taea te tahuri i te oro).
7. Hoahoa ūnga pā e pai ana mō te motuka
Mō ngā kaiwhakamahi he iti ngā herenga o te nekeneke, he arai nui ngā pātene iti, piri hoki. Ngā rautaki whakapai ake :
– Kia nui te rahi o te pātene, kia wātea hoki te wāhi i waenga i ngā wāhanga.
– Āta karohia ngā taunekeneke e hiahia ana kia tino tika ngā nekehanga, kia tere rānei te wā (hei tauira, ngā swipe pūmau, ngā pato rua pūmau rānei).
– Whakaratohia ngā kōwhiringa tautuhinga pēnei i te whakanui i te atanga kaiwhakamahi, te whakaiti i ngā pakiwaituhi, te aratau māmā rānei.
Ko te mutunga: ka heke te auau pāwhiri hē, ā, ka pai ake te whakamahi a ngā kaiwhakamahi i te hua.
8. Whakapai ake i te mahi: ko te tere me te utu te take o te urunga atu.
He maha ngā wā ka herea te urunga ki ngā hauātanga, engari ka pāngia hoki te urunga e ngā taputapu me te hononga. He uaua pea te uru atu ki ngā hua taumaha mō ngā kaiwhakamahi he waea tawhito, he iti rānei te urunga ki te ipurangi. Ko ngā mahi pea ko:
– Whakapai ake i te rahi o te ahua me ngā rawa.
– Whakaitihia ngā tuhinga taumaha e whakaroa ana i te tere.
– Whakarite kia whai wāhi atu ina kino te whatunga: te keteroki, te aratau tuimotu iti, me te āhua uta mōhiohio.
– Waihangahia ngā taupānga penapena raraunga me ngā taupānga penapena pākahiko.
Mā te mahi pai ka whānui ake te toro atu ki ngā kaiwhakamahi me ngā mākete.
9. Whakamātauria te urunga atu i ngā wā katoa: aunoa, ā-ringa, me ngā kaiwhakamahi tūturu.
Kāore he rautaki urunga e tino tika ana me te kore he whakamātautau. Whakakotahitia:
– Whakamātautau aunoa: hei tauira, hei tirotiro i te hanganga pane, te kuputuhi alt kau, te rerekētanga rānei.
– Whakamātautau ā-ringa: whakatere papapātuhi, kaipānui mata, me te tirotiro i te rerenga matua (takiuru, utu, rapu, utu).
– Whakamātautau me ngā kaiwhakamahi: mā te whakauru i ngā kaiwhakamahi e hiahia ana ki te urunga atu ka puta ngā kitenga tino whaitake me te tino pono.
Waihangahia he rārangi o ngā horopaki matua i runga i ngā āhuatanga e whakamahia pinepinetia ana, kātahi ka ine i tō rātou whakapainga i roto i te wā.
10. Whakauruhia te urunga atu ki roto i ngā tukanga mahi me te ahurea tīma
Ka ngāwari te "wareware" i te urunga atu mēnā ehara i te wāhanga o te pūnaha. Nō reira:
– Whakatakotohia ngā paerewa ā-roto i runga i ngā aratohu pēnei i te WCAG (hei tohutoro).
– Waihangahia he rārangi arowhai hoahoa me te QA me whakamana i mua i te tukunga.
– Whakaratohia he pūnaha hoahoa e wātea ana (ngā wāhanga pātene, ngā puka, ngā momo, ngā whakamōhiotanga).
– Whakangunguhia te tīma: e mārama ana ngā kaihoahoa, ngā kaiwhakawhanake, ngā kaituhi ihirangi, me te QA ki ngā kaupapa matua o te urunga atu.
– Whakaritea he toa whai wāhitanga, he tangata rānei hei kaiwhakahaere, hei pupuri i te ōritetanga.
Ina noho hei tikanga te wātea me te wātea, ka heke ngā utu whakatika, ka piki ake te kounga.
Whakamutunga
He haumitanga rautaki te whakapai ake i te urunga atu ki ngā hua e pā tika ana ki te pai o te kaiwhakamahi, te ingoa waitohu, me te toro atu ki te mākete. Ko ngā rautaki matua ko te rangahau kaiwhakamahi whānui, te hoahoa whānui, te ngāwari ki te pānui, te hototahi ki ngā hangarau āwhina, te ihirangi mārama, ngā huarahi rerekē oro-ataata, ngā taunekeneke pai mō te nekenekehanga, te arotautanga mahi, te whakamātautau auau, me te whakauru i te urunga atu ki roto i te ahurea mahi.
Ina whakatairangahia te urunga atu, ehara i te mea he "hoa ake mō te hunga hauā" ngā hua, engari he pai ake mō te katoa. Mā ngā mahi auau me te ine, ka taea te whanake te urunga atu mai i te tutuki noa i ngā whakaritenga ki te painga whakataetae tūturu.
