Me pēhea te whakatau i te utu hoko o tētahi hua
Ko te whakatau i te utu hoko o tētahi hua tētahi o ngā whakataunga tino nui i roto i te pakihi. Ehara te utu i te tau noa iho; engari e whakaata ana i te uara o te hua, i te rautaki waitohu, i te mākete ūnga, tae atu ki te whakataetae a te kamupene. Ki te tino teitei, ka uaua te hoko i te hua. Ki te tino iti, ka memeha ngā tawhē hua, ā, ka uaua te tipu o te pakihi. Nō reira, me mārama ngā kaipakihi ki te whakatakoto utu hua tika, kia inehia, kia rite hoki ki ngā whāinga pakihi.
Anei tētahi aratohu katoa hei whakatau i tētahi utu hoko pono, whai hua, me te whakataetae mō tō hua.
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1. Kia Mārama ki te Kaupapa o te Utu
I mua i te tatau i ngā tau, me whakatau tuatahi i tō whāinga mō te whakatakoto utu. Ka pā tēnei whāinga ki tō tikanga me te hua whakamutunga. Ko ētahi o ngā whāinga noa ko:
– Te whakanui ake i ngā hua: arotahi ki ngā tawhē teitei, he mea tika mō ngā hua ahurei, ngā hua utu nui rānei.
– Whakanuia te rahinga hoko: ka taea te whakaiti i ngā utu kia tere ai te pikinga o ngā hoko.
– Te urunga ki te mākete (te utu urunga): te utu tīmatanga iti hei kukume mai i ngā kiritaki hou, hei patu hoki i ngā kaiwhakataetae.
– Te hanga i tētahi āhua kounga teitei: ngā utu teitei ake hei whakanui i te kounga me te motuhaketanga.
– Te ora i te whakataetae: te whakarerekē i ngā utu kia noho tonu ai i roto i te mākete whakataetae.
Me mārama tēnei whāinga mai i te tīmatanga, kia kore ai tō rautaki utu e huripokitia me te kore he aronga.
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2. Tātaihia te Tapeke o ngā Utu Whakaputa
Ko te hapa tino kitea ko te tatau i te utu o ngā rauemi mata anake, me te kore e aro ki ētahi atu utu. Heoi anō, me utu e te utu hoko ngā utu katoa, ā, me waiho tonu he hua.
Ko te tikanga, ka wehea ngā utu ki:
a) Ngā Utu Taurangi
Ngā utu e rerekē ana i runga i te rahinga whakaputa, hei tauira:
– ngā rauemi mata matua
- tākai
– te utu whakaputa mō ia waeine
– te utu tuku mō ia ota (mēnā ka utua ki te pakihi)
– komihana mākete, komihana utu rānei
b) Ngā Utu Pūmau
Ko ngā utu e ōrite ana ahakoa ka piki/ka heke te hanga, hei tauira:
- reti
– utu kaimahi tuturu
– hiko, ipurangi, mahi
– ngā taputapu whakaputa (ka taea te tatau hei whakahekenga uara)
– ngā utu ohaurunga mō ngā tono, ngā pūmanawa rānei
Hei tika ake, tatauhia te utu mō ia waeine mā te whakamahi i tētahi tātai māmā:
Te utu mō ia waeine = (Te tapeke o ngā utu pumau mō ia wā / te maha o ngā waeine whakaputa mō ia wā) + ngā utu taurangi mō ia waeine
Mā tēnei, ka mōhio koe ki te "pūtea tuturu" mō ia hua e hokona ana.
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3. Whakatauhia he Tapeke Hua Tuturu
Kia mōhio koe ki te utu mō ia waeine, whakatauhia te tawhē hua. Ka taea te whakaatu i tēnei tawhē hei ōrau, hei uara ingoa rānei.
– Ki te hiahia koe ki te hua o te 30% o te utu, kāti:
Utu hoko = utu mō ia waeine + (30% x utu mō ia waeine)
Heoi anō, me tūturu ngā whiwhinga moni, me te whakaaro ki ngā āhuatanga o te mākete me te momo hua. He iti ngā whiwhinga moni o ngā hua matua engari he nui te rahinga. Ka nui ake pea ngā whiwhinga moni o ngā hua oranga, o ngā hua papai rānei nā te nui o ō rātou uara tāpiri.
Me whai whakaaro anō hoki koe ki ngā hiahia pakihi pēnei i:
– ngā pūtea whakawhanake hua
– ngā utu hokohoko kua piki ake
– ngā rahui mō ngā mōrearea whakahoki/amuamu
– ngā utu whakaheke ā-wā, ngā whakatairanga mākete rānei
Ki te mea he maha āu tuku hekenga, kaua e whakatakoto i ō utu kia tata rawa ki ō whakapaunga.
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4. Te Utu Mākete me te Tātaritanga Whakataetae
Kāore e taea te whakatau i ngā utu mā roto anake. Ka whakataurite ngā kaihoko. Nō reira, me rangahau:
– he aha te utu toharite mō ngā hua rite i te mākete?
– he aha ngā painga o ngā kaiwhakataetae: te kounga, te rahi, te ratonga, te takai, ngā painga tāpiri?
– he maha ā rātou hekenga utu nui?
– he kaha te rerekētanga o tō hua?
Mai i tēnei rangahau, ka taea e koe te whakatau i te tūranga utu:
– i raro i te mākete (he iti ake te utu) hei hopu i te wāhi mākete
– he ōrite ki te mākete (whakataetae) mēnā kāore i te tino rerekē ngā hua
– kei runga ake i te mākete (moni) mēnā he kounga teitei tōu, he waitohu rānei
Ko te mea nui: me whaitake te utu ina whakaritea ki ngā painga e whiwhi ai te kiritaki.
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5. Whakamahia te Tikanga Utu Tika
He maha ngā tikanga noa mō te whakatau i te utu hoko o tētahi hua, ā, ka taea e koe te whakakotahi i aua tikanga.
a) Utu tāpiri (utu + tawhē)
Ko te tikanga māmā rawa: te utu mō ia waeine me te tawhē. He pai mō te hunga tīmata, engari me rangahau tahi te mākete kia kore ai e nui rawa te utu, e iti rawa rānei te utu.
b) Te utu e hangai ana ki te uara
Ko te utu e whakatauhia ana e te uara e kitea ana e te kaihoko, ehara i te utu noa iho. He mea tika mō ngā hua he rerekētanga kaha: he hoahoa ahurei, he rauemi kounga teitei, he ratonga motuhake, he hua mārama rānei.
c) Utu whakataetae (e ahu mai ana i te whakataetae)
Ka whai, ka whakarerekē rānei ngā utu i ngā utu a ngā kaiwhakataetae. He pai mō ngā mākete whakataetae nui (hei tauira, ngā hua taonga).
d) Te utu hinengaro
Tauira: He iti ake te utu mō te Rp99.000 i te Rp100.000. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia tēnei tikanga i roto i ngā toa hokohoko me ngā toa ipurangi hei whakapiki i ngā tahuritanga mai.
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6. Whakaarohia te Wāhanga Whāinga me te Mana Hoko
He nui te pānga o te kaihoko ki te utu tika. Ko ngā hua e aro ana ki:
– ngā ākonga → me aro nui ki te utu, me te whakatairanga whai hua
– ngā kaimahi ngaio → e rapu ana i te kounga me te whakamarie
– wāhanga utu nui → arotahi ki te wheako, te waitohu, me te motuhaketanga
Kia mōhio hoki ki ngā whanonga hokohoko a tō ūnga: he maha ā rātou hoko i ngā paihere, pērā i ngā utu whakaheke, he pai ake rānei ki a rātou te ratonga tere?
Ka mārama ake koe ki tāu whāinga, ka māmā ake te whakatau i te utu e tika ana.
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7. Whakauruhia ngā Utu Hokohoko me te Tohatoha
I roto i te mahi, he wāhanga nui ngā utu hokohoko, inā koa mō ngā pakihi ipurangi. Whakaarohia:
– pānuitanga (Pānui Meta, Pānui Google, Pānui TikTok)
– utu tautoko/utu hononga
– ngā utu mō te whakaahua hua me ngā ihirangi
– ngā utu whakahaere mākete
– ngā hekenga utu tautoko kaipuke, ngā vaucha, te whakahoki moni
Mena kei te arotahi koe ki ngā hoko mā te mākete, kia tino whakaurua ngā utu ratonga me ngā tangohanga komihana ki te utu hoko.
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8. Te Whakamātautau Utu me te Aromatawai Ā-Wā
Kāore e hiahiatia kia "tino tika" te utu mai i te tīmatanga. Ka taea e koe te whakamātautau:
– whakamātauria ngā utu rerekē e rua i roto i tētahi wā kua whakaritea
– tirohia te pānga ki ngā hoko me ngā hua
– arotake i ngā reiti tahuritanga, ngā ota whakahoki, me ngā urupare a ngā kiritaki
Ki te nui rawa te utu, ka puhoi pea ngā hoko. Ki te iti rawa, ka nui ngā hoko engari kāore e ranea ngā hua mō ngā mahi me te whanaketanga. Mā te whakamātautau utu ka kitea te wāhi tino pai.
He mea nui te aromatawai ā-wā nā te mea:
– tērā pea ka piki ake ngā utu o ngā rauemi mata
– ka rerekē ngā au o te mākete
– ka puta mai ngā kaiwhakataetae hou
– ka whanake te rautaki waitohu me te tūnga
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9. Whakaritea he Rautaki Whakahekenga me te kore e Whakamate i te Hua
He mea nui ngā whakahekenga utu, engari me whakamaheretia. Ētahi rautaki haumaru ake:
– te whakakotahi (ngā mōkihi penapena) hei whakapiki i te uara tauwhitinga
– hekenga rahinga (hoko rua, ka iti ake te utu)
– ngā painga hua, kaua e tino whakaheke i ngā utu
– te utu tāpae hei whakanui ake i te uara e kitea ana
Kia tino mōhio kei te toe tonu he iti rawa te moni whiwhi mai i te hekenga kua hoatu.
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10. Tauira Māmā o te Tātaitanga Utu Hoko
Hei tauira, ka hangaia e koe ngā hua inu pounamu.
– utu rerekē mō ia pounamu: Rp. 6.000
– te tapeke o ngā utu pumau mō ia marama: Rp. 3.000.000
– whāinga whakaputa: 1.000 pounamu/marama
– utu pumau mō ia pounamu: Rp. 3.000
– te utu katoa mō ia pounamu: Rp9.000
– tawhē whāinga: 40%
Nō reira, ko te utu hoko ko:
9.000 tāra + (40% x 9.000 tāra) = 12.600 tāra
Ka taea e koe te whakaawhiwhi ki te Rp12.500, ki te Rp12.900 rānei, i runga i tō rautaki hinengaro me tō tūranga mākete.
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Te Katinga
Ko te whakatau i te utu hoko tika mō tētahi hua he huinga o ngā tātaitanga utu taipitopito, te mārama ki tō mākete ūnga, te tātari i ngā kaiwhakataetae, me te rautaki pakihi mō te wā roa. Ehara te utu pai i te mea iti rawa te utu, i te mea tino utu nui rānei, engari ko te mea e tino rite ana ki te uara o te hua, te mana hoko a te kiritaki, me ngā whāinga tipu o tō pakihi.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te āwhina i a koe ki te tatau i te utu hoko mō tō hua i runga i ngā raraunga utu (ngā rauemi, te takai, ngā utu pumau, te tawhē whāinga, me ngā hongere hoko pēnei i te mākete/Instagram/hoko iti).
