Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i tētahi Pūtea Penihana
Kāore te whakamahere mō te reti i te mea hei kōwhiringa, engari he mea nui. I waenganui i te pikinga o ngā utu oranga, te hurihanga o ngā āhuatanga hauora, me te koretake o te ōhanga, ka mahi ngā pūtea penihana hei "kupenga haumaru" hei pupuri i te kounga o te oranga ina mutu te whiwhinga moni. Engari, he tokomaha ngā tāngata e whakaaro ana ki te whakamahere reti ina tata ana rātou ki te reti, engari ko ngā kī ki te whakamahere reti angitu ko te wā me te auau. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te whiriwhiri i te pūtea penihana tika , mai i te tautuhi i ngā matea me te mārama ki ngā momo hua ki te aromatawai i te mahi me ngā mōrearea.
1. Whakatauhia ngā whāinga me ngā matea reti
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te tatau i ō whakapaunga oranga i te wā reti. Ehara i te mea ko te reti te tikanga he whakaiti nui i ngā whakapaunga. Ahakoa ka heke pea ngā utu kawe ki te mahi, ka piki ake ngā utu hauora. Ngāna ki te waihanga i tētahi whakatau tata māmā: ko te nui o ō whakapaunga oranga ia marama i te wā reti (hei tauira, 60–80% o ngā whakapaunga o nāianei), kātahi ka tātaihia tēnei ki roto i te pikinga utu.
Hei tauira, mēnā ko ō whakapaunga oranga o nāianei he Rp8 miriona ia marama, ā, e hiahia ana koe kia 70% o tēnā ina reti koe, ko te Rp5,6 miriona ia marama i roto i ngā tikanga o nāianei. Heoi, mēnā kei te 20 tau tonu te reti, ā, ko te toharite o te pikinga utu he 4% ia tau, ka nui ake te moni e hiahiatia ana. Mai i konei, ka taea e koe te whakatau i tō whāinga katoa o te pūtea reti (hei tauira, hei utu mō ngā tau 20 o te reti), kātahi ka wehea kia rite ki ngā utunga marama tūturu.
2. Kia mārama ki tō kōtaha mōrearea me te pae wā
E rua ngā āhuatanga e tino pāngia ana e te whiriwhiri i ngā pūtea reti: te pakeketanga me te manawanui ki ngā mōrearea. Ko te rangatahitanga o te tangata, ka nui ake te wā e wātea ana ki a koe ki te whakatau i ngā piki me ngā heke o te mākete, ā, ka taea e koe te whiriwhiri i ngā taputapu kaha ake hei whai i ngā hua teitei ake. I tētahi atu taha, i a koe e whakatata atu ana ki te reti, ka huri te arotahi ki te tiaki i te tumuaki me te pumau.
Pātai atu ki a koe anō: ka taea e koe te aro atu ki te hekenga o te uara o ō moni mō te wā poto? Mena ka mataku koe, ka hiahia hoki koe ki te tango moni mai i te hekenga 10–20%, he āhua tiaki pea tō āhua mōrearea. Mā te āhua mōrearea tika koe e āwhina ki te whiriwhiri i te ranunga haumi tika, me te karo hoki i ngā whakatau kare ā-roto.
3. Kia mōhio ki ngā momo tahua penihana i Initonīhia
I Initonīhia, he maha ngā āhua o ngā pūtea penihana, ā, he rerekē ngā āhuatanga o ia momo.
1. Te Pūtea Penihana a te Kaimahi (DPPK)
He mahere penihana tēnei nā te kamupene i whakatū mā āna kaimahi. Ko te painga, he nui ake te "pūtea" a te kamupene i te mea ka penapena koe i a koe anō. Ko te ngoikoretanga, he iti ake ngā kōwhiringa haumi me te ngāwari.
2. Te Pūtea Penihana o ngā Whare Pūtea (DPLK)
E whakahaerehia ana ngā DPLK e ngā peeke, e ngā kamupene inihua rānei, ā, e tuwhera ana ki te marea whānui, tae atu ki te hunga mahi takitahi. He maha ngā momo mōkihi haumitanga a te DPLK (hei tauira, te mākete moni, te moni whiwhi pumau, te moni whakauru, te moni hea rānei) kia rite ki tō kōtaha mōrearea.
3. Kaupapa penihana e hangai ana ki te inihua (hononga wae utu ā-tau rānei)
Ko ētahi hua inihua e tuku ana i ngā painga reti, i roto i te ahua o te haumi me te tiakitanga (hono-wae) me te moni whiwhi auau (annuity). Ko te painga tāpiri ko te inihua ora, engari he uaua ake ngā utu, ā, me mārama ake.
4. Ngā taputapu haumi motuhake mō te reti
He tokomaha hoki ngā tāngata e hanga ana ngā putea penihana mā roto i ngā putea tahi ngā pūtea, ngā here, ngā hea, ngā ETF rānei, takitahi. He tino ngāwari tēnei, engari me whai tikanga, mātauranga, me rautaki tohatoha rawa marama.
4. Tirohia te ture me te ingoa pai o te kaiwhakahaere
He herenga roa ngā putea penihana, nō reira he mea nui te haumarutanga. Me whakarite kia whai raihana me te tirotiro te kaiwhakahaere (DPLK, kamupene inihua, kaiwhakahaere haumi rānei) e ngā mana whakahaere e tika ana. I Initonīhia, ko te tirotiro i ngā umanga ratonga pūtea kei raro i te Mana Ratonga Pūtea (OJK).
Haunga te ture, whakaarohia te rongonui: te roa o tana mahi, te āhua o tana whakarato ratonga kiritaki, me te mea kua pāngia e ētahi raruraru nui. Pānuihia hoki ngā pūrongo ā-tau, ngā whakarāpopototanga mahi rānei, e wātea ana i te paetukutuku mana.
5. Whakatauritehia ngā utu: ngā mea iti e whai pānga nui ana
He mea nui te utu, engari he pānga nui tōna mō te wā roa. Ko ētahi o ngā utu me mōhio koe ko:
– Ngā utu whakahaere ā-marama/ā-tau
– Te utu whakahaere haumitanga
– Ngā utu whakawhiti (te whakarerekē i ngā mōkihi haumitanga)
– Ngā utu tango moni, ngā whiu rānei mēnā ka tango moni koe i mua i tētahi wā kua whakaritea
– Ngā utu inihua (mēnā kei roto i te hua he parenga)
Ko te teitei ake o ngā utu, ko te nui ake o te "taumahatanga" e whakaiti ana i te tipu o te pūtea. Ka taea e ngā hua e rua me ngā hokinga haumi ōrite te whakaputa i ngā uara whakamutunga tino rerekē nā te rerekētanga o ngā utu.
6. Arotakehia te mahi haumitanga i runga i te pono
Ahakoa he mea nui te titiro ki ngā mahi o mua, kaua e aro noa ki ngā tatauranga hokinga mai teitei rawa. Tirohia te pumau o te mahi mō ngā wā maha (hei tauira, 1 tau, 3 tau, 5 tau). He pai ake te mahi pumau i te mahi e piki haere ana, kātahi ka heke tere.
Haunga ngā hokinga mai, whakaarohia hoki te mōrearea. Ka taea e koe te kite i te nui o te uara e piki haere ana (te koretake) me te hohonu o te hekenga i te wā e heke ana te mākete. Kōwhiria ngā hua e rite ana te mahi ki tō kōtaha mōrearea, kaua ko ērā "e ahua whai hua ana" i te wā poto.
7. Kia ngāwari te penapena moni me te ngāwari o te ratonga
Me tautoko e tētahi hua pūtea reti pai ngā tikanga penapena/haumi pumau. Whakaarohia ēnei e whai ake nei:
– Te moni tāpui iti rawa ia marama: kei roto i tōu kaha?
– Ngāwari o te tāpiri moni: ka taea e koe te tāpiri moni ina he putea tāpiri?
– Te āheinga tango-aunoa: ka āwhina i te pupuri i te whakahaere me te kore e maumahara tonu
– Urunga matihiko: te tirotiro i te toenga, te mahi, me ngā whakawhitiwhitinga mā te taupānga/paetukutuku
– Ratonga Kaihoko: he tere te whakautu, he mārama hoki te whakautu i ngā pātai
Ahakoa te āhua māmā noa iho o tēnei mahi, he mea nui rawa atu mō te angitu mō te wā roa nā te mea ka āwhina i a koe kia pūmau ake.
8. Kia mārama ki ngā ture mō te tohatoha me ngā painga penihana
Ehara ngā moni penihana i te penapena noa. He tikanga whānui kei reira mō te wā e taea ai te tango moni, te āheinga rānei o te tango wāhanga, me te momo o ngā painga (te utunga kotahi, te utunga ā-wā rānei). Me whiriwhiri koe i runga i tō mahere oranga.
Ki te hiahia koe ki te whiwhi moni tuturu i te wā reti, whakaarohia he tikanga e whakarato ana i ngā utu ā-wā. Heoi, ki te hiahia koe ki te ngāwari mō ngā whakapaunga nui i te wā reti (pēnei i te whakahoutanga whare, i te whakapaipai pakihi iti rānei), me hiahia pea koe ki tētahi moni kotahi.
9. Whakatikatikahia tō rautaki haumi ki tō taumata tau
Ko tētahi huarahi e kitea whānuitia ana ko "ka tata atu te reti, ka ātaahua ake." Hei tauira:
– Tau 20–35: he nui ake te wāhanga i roto i ngā taputapu tipu (hei tauira, ngā hea/ngā pūtea tahi hea)
– Tau 35–50: tīmata te whakataurite ki te moni whiwhi pumau
– Tau 50, neke atu rānei: arotahi ki te pumau (mākete moni/here kounga)
Mena kei roto i tō hua putea penihana he āhuatanga whakarerekētanga aunoa (putea huringa ora), he mea āwhina pea tēnā. Heoi anō, me aroturuki tonu koe, me whakarite kia tutuki i a koe ō hiahia.
10. Whakahaerehia ngā arotake auau me te whai tikanga
Ehara i te mahi kotahi te whiriwhiri i tētahi pūtea reti. Arotakehia tō mahere reti i te iti rawa i ia 6–12 marama kia kite ai mēnā kei roto i ōu kaha ō takoha, mēnā he tika te mahi, ā, mēnā kua rerekē ō whāinga reti. Mēnā he huringa nui o te ao—te marena, te whānau tamariki, te huringa mahi, te hunga hou rānei—me whakarerekē anō hoki tō mahere reti.
Ko te whakahaere i te hinengaro te mea nui rawa atu. Ahakoa te hua pai rawa atu, e kore e whai hua mēnā ka mutu tonu te penapena moni, ka tere rawa rānei te tango moni.
Whakamutunga
Ko te whiriwhiri i te pūtea reti tika ka tīmata mā te mārama ki ō hiahia reti, te āhua mōrearea, me te wā. Kātahi ka whakataurite i ngā kaupapa e wātea ana—DPPK, DPLK, inihua, haumitanga motuhake rānei—mā te aromatawai i tō rātou ture, te ingoa o te kaiwhakahaere, ngā utu, te mahi, te ngāwari, me ngā ture tango moni. Ko te mea nui ko te penapena tonu me te aromatawai auau kia mau tonu ai tō mahere reti.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te āwhina i a koe ki te waihanga i tētahi whakatauira māmā o tō whāinga pūtea reti i runga i tō tau, ngā whakapaunga o ia marama, me te tau reti e whāingahia ana.
