Me pēhea te haumi i roto i ngā tāurangi hea
Kei te piki haere te rongonui o te haumi ki ngā tātaitai hea nā te mea he māmā noa iho, he rerekētanga, he pai hoki mō ngā whāinga pūtea mō te wā roa. Engari i te whiriwhiri takitahi i ngā hea "pai rawa atu", ka whai ngā kaipupuri tātaitai ki te whai i te mahi a tētahi mākete motuhake, i tētahi wāhanga mākete rānei mā roto i ngā hua e whai ana i te hanganga o tētahi tātaitai. I Initonīhia, ko ngā tauira noa o ngā tātaitai ko te Jakarta Composite Index (JCI), LQ45, IDX30, me ngā tātaitai ā-rāngai. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te huarahi ki te haumi ki ngā tātaitai hea, ngā kōwhiringa taputapu, ngā mahi whai hua hei tīmata, me ngā whakaaro matua hei whakarite i tētahi rautaki haumitanga arotahi ake.
1. Kia mārama he aha te taupū hea
Ko te taupū hea he mehua e whakaahua ana i te mahi a tētahi rōpū hea. Ka hangaia ngā taupū i runga i ngā paearu motuhake, pērā i te whakapaipai mākete, te moni whiwhi, te rāngai ahumahi rānei. Hei tauira, kei roto i te taupū LQ45 e 45 ngā hea i tīpakohia i runga i ngā paearu moni whiwhi me te whakapaipai mākete. Nā te mea e tohu ana te taupū i tētahi rōpū hea, ka taea e ōna nekehanga te whakarato i tētahi pikitia whānui ake o ngā āhuatanga mākete i te hea kotahi.
Mō ngā kaipupuri moni, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā taupū hei paearu hei aromatawai i te mahi haumi. Mena ka puta he hokinga mai ā-tau o tō putea 8%, engari ka piki te taupū paearu mā te 12%, kei te "iti te mahi" o tō putea i runga i te mākete. I tetahi atu taha, ki te teitei ake tō hokinga mai i te taupū, kei te "hinga" koe i te paearu. Ko te haumi taupū he tikanga e whai ana i te mahi o te mākete, ehara i te hinga.
2. He aha te take e ātaahua ai te haumi i te taupū?
He maha ngā take e pai ai te haumi taupū ki te tini o te tangata:
1. Te kanorau aunoa
Mā te hoko i tētahi hua e hangai ana ki te taupū, ka taea e koe te whai wāhi atu ki ngā hea maha i te wā kotahi. Mā te kanorau ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te mōrearea motuhake ki tētahi kamupene.
2. He iti ake ngā utu
Ko ngā hua taupū ka whakahaerehia mā te kore mahi (he rite noa ki te taupū), nō reira he iti iho ngā utu whakahaere i ngā tahua moni tahi hohe.
3. Māmā, ā, he whai tikanga
Kāore e hiahiatia ana e ngā kaipupuri moni te tātari i ngā pūrongo pūtea a ngā tini kaiwhakaputa hea hei whiriwhiri i ngā hea. He māmā ake te rautaki: hoko tonu, ā, pupuri mō te wā roa.
4. He pai mō ngā whāinga roa
He maha ngā wā e whakaatu ana ngā tāurangi hea o mua i te ia pikinga ake i roto i te wā roa, ahakoa ka pāngia e ngā piki me ngā heke o te wā poto.
Heoi, he mea nui kia maumahara kei te mau tonu ngā mōrearea i roto i te haumi taupū. Ka heke pea te uara o tō haumi i te wā e heke ana te mākete, ā, kāore he taurangi mō ngā hua.
3. Ngā kōwhiringa mō te haumi ki ngā taupū hea
Anei ētahi tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei whakauru atu ki ngā taupū hea:
a. Ngā tahua tahi ā-Taurangi
He pūtea taupū he pūtea tahi ko tōna putea he mea hanga kia rite ki tētahi taupū motuhake. Ka hoko ngā kaipupuri moni i ngā wāhanga o te pūtea mā te kaiwhakahaere haumi, mā te tūāpapa tohatoha rānei (hei tauira, he taupānga pūtea tahi). He pai tēnei hua mō ngā tīmatanga nā te mea he māmā te tukanga, ka taea e koe te tīmata me te moni iti, ā, kāore koe e hiahia ki te aroturuki i te mākete i ia rā.
Ngā Painga: ngāwari, ka taea te tango moni aunoa, he nui te kanorau.
Ngā ngoikoretanga: he utu whakahaere me ētahi atu utu, ā, ka whai ngā whakawhitiwhitinga i ngā wā NAB (ehara i te wā tūturu).
b. ETF (Exchange Traded Fund) e hangai ana ki te taupū
He rite ngā ETF ki ngā pūtea tahi, engari ka hokohokohia i runga i tētahi whakawhitinga hea, pērā i ngā hea. Ka hokona e koe mā te whakawhitinga hea mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūkete hea. Ka ngana ngā ETF Taupū ki te whai i tētahi taupū paearu motuhake.
Ngā Painga: ka taea te hokohoko i te wā tūturu, mārama, ngāwari.
Ngā Huakore: me whai pūkete hea, he utu tauhokohoko a te kaihokohoko, ā, ka rerekē pea ngā utu mai i te NAV.
c. Te waihanga ā-ringa i tētahi kōpaki "whakaari i te taupū"
Ko tēnei tikanga ko te hoko i ngā hea mema taupū e ai ki ngā taumahatanga motuhake. I roto i te ariā, ka taea e koe te tārua i tētahi taupū mā te hoko i ngā wāhanga katoa. Heoi, i roto i te mahi, me nui te pūtea, me nui ngā utu tauwhitinga, me te whakataurite anō i ngā āhuatanga, nā te mea ka huri te hanganga taupū i ia wā, i ia wā.
Ngā Painga: te mana whakahaere katoa, ā, ka taea te whakaiti i ngā utu hua.
Ngā ngoikoretanga: he uaua, he utu nui, he roa hoki te wā e pau ana.
Mō te nuinga o ngā kaipupuri moni hokohoko, ko ngā tahua taupū, ko ngā ETF rānei te kōwhiringa tino pono.
4. Whakatauhia te taupū e hiahia ana koe ki te whai.
I mua i te hoko i tētahi hua, whakatauhia he taupū paearu e hangai ana ki ō whāinga me tō kōtaha mōrearea. Ētahi whakaaro:
– Ngā taupū mākete whānui (pēnei i te IHSG): he whānui ake te horapa puta noa i ngā rāngai rerekē, engari kei te awe tonuhia e ngā hea nunui.
– Te taupū hea kikorangi (hei tauira, LQ45, IDX30 rānei): e arotahi ana ki ngā hea wai me ngā hea nui-rahi.
– Tāurangi ā-Rohe: he pai mēnā he whakapono tōu ki tētahi rāngai motuhake, engari he nui ake te mōrearea o te kukū.
– Ngā taupū me ngā rautaki motuhake (hei tauira, ngā āhuatanga wehewehenga, te iti rānei o te piki me te heke mēnā e wātea ana): ka taea te ārai ake, te kaha ake rānei i runga i te tikanga mahi.
Mena he tīmatanga koe, he pai te tīmatanga o ngā taupū whānui, ngā taupū hea kikorangi rānei, nā te mea kua tino pumau, kua wai hoki ō rātou wāhanga.
5. Ngā mahi whai hua hei tīmata i te haumi taupū
Anei ētahi mahi māmā ka taea e koe te whai:
1. Whakatauhia ngā whāinga me te wātaka
Mō tētahi pūtea reti 10–20 tau, mō ngā whakapaunga mātauranga 5–10 tau, mō tētahi atu whāinga rānei? Mō ngā taupū hea, he roa ake te wā pai hei whakaiti i ngā piki me ngā heke o te mākete.
2. Tirohia te kōtaha mōrearea
Ki te mea kei te mataku koe ina heke ngā uara haumi, kaua e nui rawa te pupuri i tō putea tātaitai hea. Ka taea e koe te whakakotahi i ēnei ki ngā taputapu pumau ake pērā i ngā here, i ngā taputapu mākete moni rānei.
3. Kōwhiria he taputapu: he tahua taupū, he ETF rānei
– Ki te hiahia koe kia māmā, ā, ka taea e koe te penapena moni iti i ia wā: ngā tahua tahi taupū.
– Mena kei te hiahia koe ki te ngāwari o ngā tauwhitinga, ā, kua whai pūkete hea koe: ETF.
4. Whakatauritehia ngā hua
Whakatauritea ngā mea e whai ake nei:
– I whai te taupū paearu
– Hapa aroturuki (te tawhiti o te rerekētanga o ngā hua mai i te taupū)
– Ngā utu (ōwehenga whakapaunga/utu whakahaere, utu hoko/hoko, utu kaihokohoko mō ngā ETF)
– Te rahi o ngā moni whakahaere me te rerenga moni (ngā ETF anake, kia aro ki te rahinga o ngā tauwhitinga)
5. Tīmata ki te haumi ā-wā (DCA)
Ko te Whakataurite Utu Tāra (DCA) ko te hoko auau (hei tauira, ia marama) i tētahi nui kua whakaritea. Ka āwhina tēnei rautaki ki te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te hoko i ngā utu tino teitei, ā, ka hanga hoki i ngā tikanga whakahaere.
6. Aromātaihia i ia wā, kaua i ia rā.
Aroturukihia mēnā kei te rite tonu ō haumitanga ki ō whāinga me te tohatoha rawa. Mō ngā taupū hea, he rawaka noa iho ngā aromatawai ā-hauwhā, ā-tau rānei.
6. Ngā rautaki nui mō te haumi taupū
a. Arotahi ki te tohatoha rawa
Ko te kī ki te angitu o te haumitanga mō te wā roa ehara i te whiriwhiri i te hua "pai rawa atu", engari ko te whakatau i te tohatoha rawa e tika ana (ngā hea, ngā here, te moni). He tauira māmā: ko te kaipupuri moni taitamariki he wā roa te wā ka whiriwhiri pea i tētahi wāhanga nui ake o ngā tahua taupū hea, ko te kaipupuri moni e whakatata ana ki āna hiahia pūtea ka whakaiti pea i tana wāhanga.
b. Te Whakataurite Anō
Mena ka nui rawa te pikinga o tō taupū hea nā te pikinga o te mākete, me whakataurite anō pea koe—kia whakahokia te wāhanga ki tōna whāinga taketake. Ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakahaere i te mōrearea me te pupuri i te ōritetanga o te rautaki.
c. Whakahaerehia ngā tumanakohanga
Ka taea e ngā tāurangi hea te heke tere i roto i te wā poto i ngā wā raruraru, i ngā kare ā-roto kino rānei. Ko ngā kaipupuri tāurangi angitu e piri ana ki ngā mātāpono e whai ake nei: piri ki tāu mahere haumi, karohia te pōrearea o ngā kare ā-roto, me te arotahi ki ngā whāinga roa.
7. Ngā tūponotanga me mārama
Ahakoa he āwhina te kanorau, kei te mau tonu ngā mōrearea i roto i te haumitanga taupū hea:
– Te mōrearea mākete: ina heke te mākete, ka heke anō hoki te taupū.
– Te aroturuki i te mōrearea: kāore pea ngā hua taupū e tino ōrite ki tā rātou taupū paearu nā runga i ngā utu me ngā tikanga tāruarua.
– Mōrearea moni whiwhi (ETF): ki te iti te hokohoko o tētahi ETF, ka whānui ake pea te horapa tono-tono.
– Te mōrearea whanonga: ko te mataku ina heke te mākete, te apo rānei ina piki te mākete ka kino pea ngā hua mō te wā roa.
Mā te mārama ki ngā mōrearea mai i te tīmatanga ka āwhina i a koe kia noho marino, kia pumau hoki.
8. Whakamutunga
Ko te haumi ki ngā tātaitai hea he rautaki "whai i te mākete" e iti ake ai te utu me te kaha e hiahiatia ana i te whiriwhiri i ngā hea takitahi. Ka taea e koe te mahi i tēnei mā roto i ngā tahua tātaitai, i ngā ETF rānei, mā te whiriwhiri i tētahi tātaitai tika, kātahi ka haumi i ia wā, i ia wā hoki me te whai whakaaro. Kia mārama koe ki ō whāinga pūtea, ki tō āhua mōrearea, me ngā utu hua i mua i te tīmatanga.
Ki te rite tonu koe, ka taea e te haumi taupū te hanga i te tūāpapa mō tētahi putea roa e kaha ana. Ahakoa he mea kore e taea te karo i ngā piki me ngā heke, ko te rautaki māmā, ine, me te whakahaere i ngā tikanga te mea nui ki te whakatutuki i ō whāinga pūtea.
