Te Tūranga o te Plankton i roto i te Mekameka Kai Moana
Ahakoa e kore e kitea e te kanohi tahanga, he mahi nui tā te plankton i roto i te rauropi moana whānui, matatini hoki. Ko ngā plankton he rauropi moroiti e noho ana i roto i te pou wai, ā, koinei te pūtake o te mekameka kai moana. E rua ngā wāhanga matua: te phytoplankton (te plankton tipu) me te zooplankton (te plankton kararehe). Ka taunekeneke tata ēnei rōpū e rua, ā, koinei te pūtake o te kanorau koiora moana. Ka ruku hohonu ake tēnei tuhinga ki ngā mahi me te tūranga kore e taea te whakakapi o te plankton i roto i ngā rauropi moana.
Phytoplankton: Ngā Kaihanga Matua i te Moana
He tipu moroiti rawa ngā phytoplankton e mahi ana i te photosynthesis, arā, te tukanga hurihanga o te rā, te hauhā waro, me ngā matūkai hei pūngao me te hāora. Nā te kaha ki te whakaputa hāora me te pūngao, he maha ngā wā ka kiia ngā phytoplankton he kaihanga matua i te moana—he rite tonu te mahi ki ngā tipu i roto i ngā pūnaha rauropi whenua. Mā te photosynthesis, ka puta te phytoplankton i te 50% o te hāora katoa o te Ao, ā, he mea nui ēnei ki ngā pūnaha rauropi moana, engari ki te ora hoki o te ao katoa.
Ko ētahi o ngā momo phytoplankton noa ko ngā diatom, ngā dinoflagellates, me ngā cyanobacteria. He anga silica kei ngā diatom e hanga ana i ngā hoahoa uaua me te whakamiharo i raro i te karuārai. E mōhiotia ana ngā dinoflagellates mō ō rātou āhuatanga bioluminescent, e hanga ana i ngā whakaaturanga whakamiharo i te pō. I taua wā, ko ngā cyanobacteria tētahi o ngā rauropi tawhito rawa atu o te Ao, ā, he mahi nui tā rātou i roto i te hanganga o te hāora hauātea o mua.
Zooplankton: Ngā Kaihoko Tuatahi i roto i te Tukutuku Kai
He kararehe moroiti rawa ngā zooplankton, kāore e hanga whakaahua, engari e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā phytoplankton hei puna kai mā rātou. Ka taea e ngā zooplankton te tito mai i ngā momo rauropi, mai i ngā protozoa ki ngā torongū ika me ngā pāpaka. Ko ngā zooplankton te kaihoko tuatahi i roto i te mekameka kai moana, ā, he hononga nui i waenga i ngā phytoplankton me ngā taumata trophic teitei ake.
He mahi nui tā rātou ki te whakawhiti i te pūngao mai i ngā phytoplankton ki ngā momo kaipahua nunui, pērā i ngā ika ririki me ngā kōura, tae atu ki ngā kararehe moana pērā i te tohorā pārū. Ko ētahi o ngā momo zooplankton noa ko ngā copepod, te krill, me te jellyfish. Ko te krill, inā koa, he puna kai matua mō te maha o ngā momo nunui, tae atu ki ngā tohorā puru.
Ngā Taunekeneke o te Phytoplankton me te Zooplankton
I roto i ngā pūnaha rauropi moana, ka taunekeneke hihiri, ka huri tonu te pumau o ngā taupori phytoplankton me te zooplankton i runga i ngā āhuatanga o te taiao pēnei i te pāmahana, te tote, me te waatea o ngā matūkai. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka pāngia te tipu o te phytoplankton e te waatea o ngā matūkai pēnei i te hauota me te phosphate, tae atu ki te taumata o te rā. Ina pai ēnei āhuatanga, ka taea e te phytoplankton te whakaputa uri tere i roto i tētahi āhuatanga e mōhiotia ana ko te "puāwaitanga o te karengo".
Ka whakawhirinaki ngā zooplankton ki ngā phytoplankton hei kai. Ina puāwai ngā phytoplankton, ka piki ake hoki ngā taupori zooplankton nā te nui o te kai. Heoi, he ngoikore tēnei taurite, nā te mea ka heke te taupori phytoplankton i ngā huringa taiao, ā, ka heke anō hoki ngā taupori zooplankton me ngā momo kaipahua e whakawhirinaki ana ki a rātou.
Te Pānga o te Plankton ki te Matū Koiora Moana
He mahi nui anō tā ngā plankton i roto i ngā huringa koiora-whenua o te moana. He wāhanga nui rātou o te huringa waro nā te mea ka hurihia e ngā phytoplankton te hauhā waro hei mea rauropi mā te photosynthesis. I muri i te matenga, ka taea e ngā phytoplankton te totohu ki te papa moana, ka kawe i te waro rauropi mai i te āhuarangi ki ngā paru moana i roto i te tukanga e mōhiotia ana ko te "papu koiora." Ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakahaere i ngā kukū hauhā waro i te āhuarangi, ā, ka pā ki te āhuarangi o te ao.
Kei roto hoki te plankton i te huringa matūkai o te moana. Ina mate ngā zooplankton me ngā phytoplankton, ina kainga rānei e ngā kaipahua, ka hangarua e rātou ngā matūkai ka taea te whakamahi e ngā phytoplankton e ora tonu ana. Mā tēnei tukanga ka mau tonu te wātea o ngā matūkai i roto i te pou wai, ā, ka tautoko i te hua tonu o ngā pūnaha rauropi moana.
Te Pānga o te Plankton ki te Hī ika me te Ōhanga Moana
Ko te noho mai o te plankton hauora me te nui e tautoko tika ana i ngā mahi hī ika o te ao, e whakarato ana i te kai me te oranga mō ngā miriona tāngata o te ao katoa. Ko te plankton, mā te mahi hei puna kai matua mō ngā momo ika maha, ka pā tika ki ngā taupori o ngā ika arumoni nui pērā i te sardine, te tuna, me te cod.
Mā te hekenga o ngā plankton nā te parahanga, te huringa āhuarangi, te whakangaromanga rānei o ngā nohoanga moana ka heke te maha o ngā taupori ika, ka pā kino tēnei ki te umanga hī ika me te ōhanga moana. He mea nui te tiaki i ngā nohoanga plankton mā roto i ngā kaupapa here taiao matatau hei pupuri i ngā rauropi moana hauora me te pumau o te ōhanga hī ika o te ao.
Ngā Wero me ngā Tūraru ki ngā Taupori Plankton
Ahakoa tō rātou tūranga nui i roto i ngā pūnaha rauropi moana, he maha ngā tūmomo mōrearea e pā ana ki ngā plankton mai i ngā mahi a te tangata me ngā huringa taiao o te ao. Ka taea e te parahanga matūkai mai i ngā para ahuwhenua me ngā para ahumahi te arahi ki te eutrophication, ka taea ai te hanga i ngā āhuatanga hypoxic ina he iti rawa ngā taumata hāora i roto i te moana hei tautoko i te ora. Hei tāpiri, ko te huringa āhuarangi te take o te mahana o te ao me te waikawa o te moana, ka whakararuraru i te photosynthesis o ngā phytoplankton me te tipu o ētahi atu plankton.
Ka whakararuraru hoki te hī ika nui i te mekameka kai me te taurite o ngā pūnaha rauropi moana. Mā te iti rawa o ngā kaipahua tūturu ka whakaitihia te pēhanga kaipahua ki runga i te zooplankton, ka taea te whakarerekē i te āhua o te taupori plankton whānui. Nō reira, me whai kaha te ao whānui ki te aro atu ki tēnei wero me te whakarite kia ora, kia pumau hoki ngā pūnaha rauropi moana.
Whakamutunga
He pou matua ngā plankton o ngā pūnaha rauropi moana, e tū ana i te pūtake o te mekameka kai, ā, e tautoko ana i te tini o ngā mea ora moana mai i te mea iti ki te mea nui. Mā te photosynthesis me ō rātou whanaungatanga trophic, ehara i te mea ka pupuri noa ngā plankton i ngā pūnaha rauropi moana hauora engari ka awe hoki i te huringa āhuarangi o te ao mā te huringa waro. Me noho te tiaki me te tiaki i ngā plankton me ō rātou nohoanga hei kaupapa matua i roto i ngā mahi tiaki moana kia mau tonu ai te hauora o ngā pūnaha rauropi moana me te pumau o te ōhanga moana.
