Te Whakahaere i te Mahana Tinana e te Hypothalamus
He mea nui te pāmahana o te tinana tangata hei pupuri i te taurite o te pākia me te hauora whānui. Ko tētahi wāhanga matua o te pūnaha whakahaere pāmahana o te tinana ko te hypothalamus, he wāhanga o te roro e whai wāhi ana ki ngā mahi homeostatic, tae atu ki te whakahaere pāmahana o te tinana. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga te mahi a te hypothalamus i roto i te whakahaere pāmahana o te tinana tangata, e kapi ana i tōna hanganga me tana mahi , ngā tikanga whakahaere pāmahana, me ngā pānga hauora me te haumanu.
Te Anatomi me te Mahi o te Hypothalamus
Ko te hypothalamus he wāhi iti o te roro kei roto he maha ngā karihi (ngā tautau pūtau io ) e whakahaere ana i ngā mahi homeostatic. Kei te wāhanga o raro o te diencephalon, i runga ake i te repe pituitary, ā, he hononga tika ki ētahi atu hanganga nui o te roro me te pūnaha io matua.
Ko te mahi a te hypothalamus he whakahaere i te pāmahana o te tinana, tae atu ki te taurite o te wai , te hiakai me te makona, ngā huringa moe, ngā kare ā-roto, me te whakaputanga o ngā homoni mā te repe pituitary. Ka mahi te hypothalamus mā te whiwhi urunga mai i ngā momo kaiwhakawhiwhi kare ā-roto, kātahi ka whakauru i ēnei mōhiohio hei whakahaere i ngā urupare e tika ana.
Tikanga Whakahaere Pāmahana Tinana
Ngā Pūoko ā-Roto me ngā Pūoko o Waho
Ka whiwhi te hypothalamus i ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te pāmahana o te tinana mā roto i ngā momo pūoko matua e rua: ngā kaiwhakaora wera ā-taha me ngā kaiwhakaora wera ā-waenga. Ko ngā kaiwhakaora wera ā-taha, kei roto i te kiri me te kiko raro i te kiri, ka kite i ngā huringa o te pāmahana taiao o waho. Ko ngā kaiwhakaora wera ā-waenga, kei roto i te hypothalamus tonu me ētahi atu wāhanga o te roro me ngā whekau o roto, ka kite i te pāmahana matua o te tinana.
Rohe Preoptic me Ētahi Atu Rohe Hypothalamic
Ko te rohe preoptic o te hypothalamus he wāhi matua mō te whakahaere i te pāmahana o te tinana. Mā roto i ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi wera tino tairongo, ka aroturukihia e tēnei wāhi te pāmahana o te toto e haere ana i roto, ā, ka whakatau mēnā e tika ana kia whakarerekētia kia whakahokia te pāmahana o te tinana ki tōna taumata kua whakaritea.
Tikanga Whakamahi
Ina kitea e te hypothalamus te rerekētanga i waenga i te pāmahana kua whakaritea me te pāmahana kua kitea, ka whakahohehia e ia ngā momo tikanga mahi hei whakatika i te pāmahana o te tinana. Kei roto i ēnei tikanga:
1. Te Whakawhanui i te Toto me te Whakawhāiti i te Toto: Ko te hypothalamus te kaiwhakahaere o te whānui o ngā oko toto mā te pūnaha io aunoa. Ina piki te pāmahana o te tinana, ka puta te whakawhanui (te whakawhānui) o ngā oko toto i roto i te kiri e te hypothalamus hei whakanui ake i te ngaronga wera. I tetahi atu taha, i ngā pāmahana makariri, ka puta te whakawhāiti (te whakawhāiti) o ngā oko toto e te hypothalamus hei whakaiti i te ngaronga wera.
2. Te werawera: Ka whakaohokia hoki e te hypothalamus ngā repe werawera kia whakaputa werawera ina piki te pāmahana o te tinana. Mā te mimiti o te werawera mai i te mata o te kiri ka āwhina i te whakaheke i te pāmahana o te tinana.
3. Te wiri (Te wiri): Hei whakanui ake i te pāmahana o te tinana i te makariri, ka whakahohehia e te hypothalamus te tikanga wiri uaua hei huarahi ki te whakaputa wera mā te mahi a ngā uaua.
4. Ngā Huringa Whanoke: I roto i te tini o ngā kararehe, tae atu ki te tangata, ka awe hoki te hypothalamus i ngā whanonga e aro ana ki te pupuri i te pāmahana o te tinana. Kei roto i tēnei ko te rapu i ngā wāhi mahana ake, mātao ake rānei, te mau kākahu tāpiri, te whakaiti rānei i te korikori tinana hei whakaiti i te whakaputanga wera o roto.
Te Whakahaere Hormonal
Haunga ngā tikanga tika, ka whakahaeretia anō hoki e te hypothalamus te pāmahana o te tinana mā te whakaputanga o ngā homoni. Hei tauira, ko te homoni tairoi, e hangaia ana e te repe tairoi, e tīmata ana tana whakahaere i roto i te hypothalamus, ka pā ki te pākia o te pūnaha io me te whakaputanga wera o te tinana.
Ngā Pānga Hauora
Te kirika (Pyrexia)
Ko te kirika he āhuatanga e piki ake ai te pāmahana o te tinana nā te tautuhi anō i te pūnaha tautuhinga o te tinana. Ko tēnei āhuatanga he urupare ki te mate urutā, ki te mumura, ki ētahi atu āhuatanga hauora rānei. Ka taea e ngā matū pyrogen i hangaia e ngā pathogens, e ngā pūtau ārai mate rānei te awe i te hypothalamus ki te whakaara ake i te taumata tautuhinga o te tinana, ka whakamāramatia ko te pāmahana tinana teitei ake (kirika). Koinei te urupare ārai a te tinana ki te whawhai ki te mate urutā mā te hanga i tētahi taiao kāore i te pai mō ngā pathogens.
Te Hiperthermia me te Hypothermia
Ka puta te hyperthermia ina kore e angitu ngā tikanga whakahaere pāmahana o te tinana, ā, ka wera rawa te tinana, hei tauira, nā te wera nui, nā te kore rānei e taea te werawera. Engari, ka puta te hypothermia ina tere ake te ngaronga o te wera o te tinana i te mea ka taea e ia te whakaputa, ka heke te pāmahana o te tinana ki ngā taumata morearea. E rua ngā āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana he wawaotanga hauora tonu nā te mea ka taea e rāua te whakararu i te ora.
Ngā mate o te Hypothalamus
He maha ngā āhuatanga hauora me ngā whara ka whakararu i te mahi a te hypothalamus, pērā i te whara o te roro, ngā pukupuku hypothalamus, me ētahi mate neurodegenerative. Ka taea e te ngoikore o te hypothalamus te arahi ki te kore taurite o te pāmahana o te tinana, me ētahi atu raruraru pērā i te ngoikore o te homoni, te raruraru moe, me ngā mate kai.
Te Katinga
He mahi nui tā te hypothalamus i roto i te whakahaere i te pāmahana o te tinana mā roto i ngā tikanga uaua, tino whakarite hoki. Ehara i te mea he mea nui anake te māramatanga hohonu ki te mahi a te hypothalamus i roto i te homeostasis pāmahana tinana mō te pūtaiao taketake, engari he pānga haumanu nui anō hoki. Me rangahau anō ki te mahi hypothalamus me ōna taunekeneke ki ētahi atu pūnaha tinana hei whakawhanake i ngā rautaki rongoā whai hua ake mō te aro atu ki ngā mate e pā ana ki te whakahaere i te pāmahana o te tinana.
Nō reira, ehara te hypothalamus i te wāhanga iti noa o te roro, engari he pokapū whakahaere e whai pānga nui ana ki ngā mahi o ia rā me te hauora whānui.
