Ngā Momo Tupurangi o te Ao Whānui: He Tūhuratanga Hōhonu
He whānui, he whakamīharo hoki te ao tūroa, e pupuri ana i ngā mea ngaro me ngā mea whakamiharo maha. I roto i ēnei, ko ngā tupua whetu te mea tino whakamīharo, ia mea he huihuinga nui o ngā whetū, te hau, te puehu, me te mea pōuri e herea ana e te kaha ā-papa. Ehara ngā tupua whetu i te mea kotahi; he maha ngā āhua, ngā rahi, me ngā hanganga, he āhuatanga motuhake tō ia mea. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka rukuhia e tātou ngā momo tupua whetu o te ao tūroa, ka tūhuratia ō rātou hanganga, ō rātou āhuatanga, me te hiranga i roto i ngā rangahau whetū.
1. Ngā tupuni porowhita
Ko ngā tupuni porowhita pea te momo tupuni tino rongonui, tino mōhiotia hoki, e tohuhia ana e ō rātou ringa porowhita motuhake e takahuri ana i tētahi pūkohu i waenganui. E rua ngā momo matua o ēnei tupuni: ngā porowhita noa me ngā porowhita ārai.
Nga tupuni porowhita noa (Sa, Sb, Sc):
– Ngā tupua whetu Sa: He pūmau ngā ringa o ēnei, ā, he kokiri nui kei waenganui.
– Ngā Iwi Tupuni Sb: He ringaringa korekore te takai o ēnei, ā, he puku iti ake te kitea.
– Ngā Iwi Tupurangi Sc: E whakaatu ana ēnei i ngā ringa tino korekore me te pupuhi iti.
Ko te Milky Way, tō tātou tupuni kāinga, he tauira o tētahi tupuni porowhita noa, he momo Sb te whakarōpūtanga.
Ngā Aorangi Porowhita Ārai (SBa, SBb, SBc):
– Ngā tupuni SBa: He roa, he mārama te hanganga o ēnei, e toro atu ana mai i te puku o waenganui, me ngā ringa piri pūmau.
– Ngā Iwi Tupuni SBb: He rite te pae, engari he ngoikore ake ngā ringa o ēnei.
– Ngā tupuni SBc: He pae pūmau kei roto i ēnei me ngā ringa tino wetewete.
E whakaarohia ana mā te hanganga pae ka tere te rere o te hau ki waenganui, ka taea te whakakaha i te hanganga o ngā whetū me te tipu o te pupuhi o waenganui, o te pōka pango rānei. Ko tētahi tauira o te tupuni porowhita ārai ko te tupuni Andromeda (M31) rongonui.
2. Ngā tupuni porowhita
He tino rerekē ngā tupuni porowhita i ō rātou hoa porowhita. He āhua porowhita tō rātou, he maeneene te tohatoha mārama, kāore he āhuatanga, ā, kāore he ringa motuhake o ngā tupuni porowhita. Ka whakarōpūtia ngā tupuni porowhita i runga i tō rātou roa, mai i te E0 (tata porowhita) ki te E7 (tino roa).
Ngā Āhuatanga o ngā Aorangi Porowhita:
– Kei roto i ēnei ko ngā porowhita iti ki ngā porowhita nunui rawa atu.
– I te nuinga o te wā, kei roto i ēnei ngā whetū tawhito, whero, ā, he iti noa iho te tere o te hanganga o ngā whetū.
– Nā te kore o te hau me te puehu, kāore i a rātou ngā rauemi mata e hiahiatia ana mō te hanganga o ngā whetū hou.
– He maha ngā wā ka kitea ēnei tupua whetu i roto i ngā tautau tupua whetu, ā, ka puta pea i te hanumitanga o ngā tupua whetu.
Ko tētahi tauira o te tupuni porowhita ko M87, he tupuni porowhita nui kei roto i te Virgo Cluster, e mōhiotia ana mō te pupuri i tētahi poka pango nui rawa atu i waenganui.
3. Ngā Kararehe Renticular
Kei waenganui i ngā tupua porowhita me ngā tupua porowhita ngā tupua rēniti (S0). He pūkohu kei waenganui, he hanganga rite ki te kōpae, engari kāore i a rātou ngā ringa porowhita e kitea ana i roto i ngā tupua porowhita. He maha ngā wā e kiia ana he momo whakawhiti o te tupua.
Ngā Āhuatanga o ngā Kararehe Renticular:
– He rite tō rātou wāhanga kōpae ki ngā tupuni porowhita engari kāore he rohe whetu nui.
– He rite tonu ki ngā tupuni porowhita te taupori o ēnei whetū tawhito.
– Kei roto i ētahi tupuni lenticular he hau me te puehu toenga engari kāore e ranea hei tautoko i te hanganga nui o ngā whetū.
– He maha ngā wā ka kitea rātou i roto i ngā tautau tupuni, e tohu ana he wāhi nui tā ngā taunekeneke me ngā hanumitanga ki tō rātou hanganga.
Ko te tupuni NGC 5866, e mōhiotia ana ko te Tupuni Spindle, he tauira o te tupuni lenticular.
4. Ngā tupuni taurite kore
Ko ngā tupuni koretake te tohu i ngā whakarōpūtanga o ngā tupuni porowhita, porowhita, lenticular rānei nā te mea he pōrearea, he koretake hoki te āhua. He maha ngā wā he nui te hau me te puehu i roto, me ngā rohe o te hanganga whetu kaha.
Ngā momo tupuni taurite kore:
– Momo I (Irr I): He āhua hanganga, he āhua kōpae rānei ō ēnei tupua whetu.
– Momo II (Irr II): Kāore he hanganga ōrite o ēnei, ā, te āhua nei he tino pōrearea.
He iti ake, he iti ake hoki te taumaha o ngā tupuni whetu taurite kore i ērā atu momo tupuni whetu. Tērā pea nā ngā taunekeneke ā-papa, ngā hanumitanga, ngā tukinga rānei o mua i whakararuraru i tō rātou hanganga.
Ko ngā Kapua Magellanic Nui me ngā Kapua Magellanic Iti, he amiorangi o te Ara Milky, he tauira o ngā tupua whetu koretake. E mōhiotia ana ēnei tupua whetu mō ō rātou rohe hanganga whetu kaha.
5. Ngā tupuni rerekē
He āhua rerekē, he āhuatanga rerekē rānei ō ngā tupuni whetu rerekē, kāore e uru ki ngā whakarōpūtanga āhua paerewa. Ka puta pea ēnei āhuatanga rerekē i ngā taunekeneke ki ētahi atu tupuni whetu, i ngā whakapōturitanga ā-papa, i ngā tukanga ā-roto motuhake rānei.
Ngā Tauira o ngā Tupurangi Motuhake:
– Ngā Kararehe Taunekeneke: E whakaatu ana ēnei i ngā tohu o ngā taunekeneke ā-papa, pērā i ngā hiku tai, ngā piriti, ngā piko rānei. Hei tauira ko Ngā Kararehe Antennae (NGC 4038/NGC 4039), kei te hanumi haere.
– Ngā Pūtake Ao Tūroa Kaha (AGN): Ngā pūtake ao kei waenganui he tino kaha te pūngao, he maha ngā wā ka whakakahangia e ngā pōro pango nunui rawa atu. Hei tauira, ko Centaurus A, he pūtake kanapa, kaha hoki tōna, ā, he pūtake ao porowhita anō hoki.
Opaniraa
Ko ngā tupuni he poraka hanga matua o tō tātou ao tūroa, ia momo e whai wāhi ana ki te whatu whai rawa o ngā hanganga ao tūroa. Mai i ngā porowhita huatau me ō rātou ringa rangatira, tae atu ki ngā porowhita whakahīhī, ki ngā mea koretake me ngā tupuni motuhake ngaro, ka whakaratohia e ia momo he tirohanga ahurei ki ngā tukanga e whakahaere ana i te ao tūroa. Mā te mārama ki ēnei tupuni kanorau ehara i te mea ka whakamōhio noa i a tātou mō te hanganga me te whanaketanga o te ao tūroa engari ka whakanoho hoki i tō tātou ake Milky Way ki tētahi horopaki ao tūroa whānui. I a tātou e ahu whakamua ana i roto i ngā hangarau tirotiro, ko te hura i ngā mea ngaro maha o ēnei tāngata noho tupuni ka noho tonu hei rapunga matua i roto i te mara whānui tonu o te arorangi.
