Te Hononga i waenga i te Whakapono me te Ahurea E ai ki te Anthropology
Ko te mātauranga tangata, hei ako whānui mō ngā hapori tangata, ngā ahurea, me ō rātou whanaketanga, e tuku ana i tētahi tirohanga ahurei e tirohia ai te whanaungatanga uaua i waenga i te whakapono me te ahurea. Ko tēnei taunekeneke hihiri he wāhanga taketake o ngā hapori tangata, e awe ana i ngā tikanga pāpori, ngā tikanga tuku iho, me ngā mahi o ia rā. Mā te tirohanga mātauranga tangata, ka taea e tātou te maioha ki te hononga tahi i waenga i te whakapono me te ahurea, me te kite i te toronga hohonu o ia pūtake ki roto i tētahi, me te hanga me te hanga anō hoki.
Te Mārama ki te Whakapono me te Ahurea i roto i te Horopaki Tangata Whenua
Hei ruku hohonu ki te whanaungatanga i waenga i te whakapono me te ahurea, he mea nui kia tautuhia tuatahitia ēnei ariā mai i te tirohanga a te tangata. E tirohia ana te ahurea hei huinga o ngā tohu, ngā whakapono, ngā mahi, me ngā taonga tuku iho e tohu ana i ngā hapori. Kei roto ko ngā momo whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, toi, hangarau, me ngā uara e ārahi ana i ngā whanonga pāpori. Ko te whakapono, i tētahi atu taha, e māramahia ana hei pūnaha whakapono me ngā kawa e hono ana i te tangata ki te mea tipua, ki te mea nui rānei. Kei roto i tēnei ko ngā ariā o te wairuatanga, te matatika, ngā atua, me ngā tuhinga tapu.
I roto i te mātauranga tangata, ehara te whakapono i te huinga whakapono tūāhua noa iho, engari he mea whatu pai ki roto i te oranga o ia rā. Ka whakaratohia he anga mō te mārama ki te oranga, te whakamārama i ngā wheako, me te whakarite i ngā whanaungatanga pāpori. I te wā kotahi, ka hangaia e te ahurea te āhua o te whakapuakitanga, te whakatinanatanga, me te tiakitanga o ngā whakapono whakapono i roto i ngā hapori.
Te Whanaketanga Honohono o te Whakapono me te Ahurea
He hononga nui te whanaungatanga i waenganui i te whakapono me te ahurea. Ka whanake ngātahi ngā āhuatanga e rua, ka awe, ka hanga anō tetahi i tetahi. I roto i te hītori, he maha ngā rangahau ā-iwi kua tuhi i te pānga o ngā panonitanga o ngā tikanga ahurea ki ngā whakapono whakapono, me te pānga anō hoki.
Ko tētahi tauira matarohia o te ao tangata ko te tūranga o ngā kawa whakapono. Ko ēnei mahi whakaari, mai i ngā inoi o ia rā ki ngā kawa whakahirahira, he mahi ahurea e whakakaha ana i ngā hononga ā-iwi me te tuku i ngā whakaakoranga whakapono. I tautohe a Emile Durkheim, tētahi o ngā tino pou o te hapori me te ao tangata, he mea nui ngā kawa whakapono ki te pupuri i te kotahitanga pāpori mā te whakakotahi i ngā tāngata takitahi ki ngā mahi tahi, ā, mā reira ka whakakaha ake i te hinengaro o te rōpū.
Heoi anō, he maha ngā wā ka whakamanahia, ka whakamanahia hoki e te whakapono ngā tikanga ahurea. Hei tauira, ko ngā here kai, ngā momo kākahu, me ngā taumata hapori ka taea te whai pūtake hohonu ki ngā ture me ngā whakaakoranga whakapono. Ko ēnei tikanga ahurea, hei tautoko, hei whakapūmau i ngā tuakiri whakapono mā te whakarato i ngā whakaaturanga tūturu o te whakapono me te noho tahi ki te hapori.
Te Whakapono hei Pūtake o te Tuakiri Ahurea
He maha ngā wā ka noho te whakapono hei tūāpapa mō te tuakiri ahurea, e whakarato ana i te wairua nōhanga me te kaupapa ki te tangata. Ka whakakahangia tēnei wairua tuakiri mā roto i ngā kawa, ngā pūrākau, me ngā tohu e whai tikanga ana i roto i te oranga o ia rā.
Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau ā-iwi he mea tino kitea te tuakiri whakapono i roto i ngā hapori maha-ahurea, maha-rōpū rānei, e tohu ana i te wehewehe me te kotahitanga. Hei tauira, i Īnia, e noho tahi ana ngā whakapono maha, ehara i te mea he tirohanga wairua anake ngā hakari me ngā mahi whakapono engari he whakaaturanga anō hoki mō te taonga tuku iho me te tuakiri ahurea.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, he maha ngā kōrero me ngā pūrākau whakapono e whakarato ana i ngā kōrero taketake hei āwhina i ngā hapori ki te mārama ki ō rātou takenga mai, ki ō rātou uara, me ō rātou ūnga. Ka taea te whakarerekē me te whakamārama anō i ēnei kōrero i roto i te wā kia whakaata i ngā horopaki ahurea e huri haere ana. Hei tauira, he maha ngā tikanga whakapono taketake e honoa hohonu ana ki ngā whenua me ngā hītori motuhake, e whakanuia ana, e whakapūmautia ana hoki mā te kōrero pakiwaitara, te toi, me te waiata.
Ngā Rerekētanga Ahurea-Whānui i roto i ngā Mahi Whakapono
E whakaatu ana hoki te mātauranga tangata i te kanorau nui o te whakaaturanga o ngā whakapono me ngā mahi whakapono puta noa i ngā ahurea rerekē. E whakaatu ana tēnei tirohanga whakawhiti-ahurea kāore he ara kotahi hei whakapono, ā, kua tino piri ngā āhuatanga whakapono ki roto i ngā horopaki ahurea.
Hei tauira, he rerekē te mahi karakia tūpuna puta noa i te ao. I roto i te maha o ngā ahurea o Āwherika me Āhia, he mea nui te whakaute ki ngā tūpuna i roto i te oranga whakapono me te oranga pāpori. E whakaponohia ana ka awe ngā tūpuna i te hunga ora, ā, ka whakahonoretia rātou mā roto i ngā whakahere, ngā kawa, me ngā whakamaharatanga. Kāore i te tino kitea tēnei mahi i roto i te Karaitianatanga o te Hauāuru engari ka kitea i roto i ngā momo ahurei, pērā i te whakanui i ngā hunga tapu.
Hei tāpiri, ko te whakakotahitanga o ngā whakapono i roto i ngā ahurea maha e whakaatu ana i te whakakotahitanga me te noho tahi o ngā tikanga whakapono rerekē. Hei tauira, ko ngā tikanga whakapono o Amerika Latina e whakakotahi ana i ngā whakapono taketake me te Karaitianatanga, ā, ka hua ake he whakaaturanga whakapono ahurei e whakaata ana i ngā taonga tuku iho e rua.
Te Hāhi hei Mana mō te Huringa Ahurea
Ahakoa he maha ngā wā ka tiakina e te whakapono ngā tikanga tuku iho, ka taea hoki e ia te noho hei kaha nui mō ngā huringa ahurea. Ka taea e ngā nekehanga whakapono hou, ngā whakahoutanga, me ngā tahuritanga te arahi ki ngā huringa nui o ngā tikanga me ngā uara pāpori.
Nā te horapa o ngā whakapono nui o te ao pērā i te Karaitianatanga, te Ihirama, me te Puta, kua huri ngā ahurea i roto i ngā hītori, kua kawea mai he whakaaro hou, he pūnaha matatika, me ngā hanganga pāpori. Ko ngā mahi mihinare, te hokohoko, te raupatu whenua, me te hekenga whenua kua whai wāhi katoa ki te horapa me te urutau o ngā whakapono.
Hei tauira, i tino whakarerekē te Reformation Porotetani i ngā āhuatanga ahurea me ngā āhuatanga tōrangapū o Ūropi, i whakawero i te mana o te Hāhi Katorika, i whakatairanga hoki i ngā ariā i whai wāhi ki te ao hou, pērā i te takitahi me te kāwanatanga o te ao.
I ēnei rā, ko te aranga ake o ngā kaupapa whakapono me te aranga ake o ngā kaupapa wairua hou e whakaatu ana i ngā whiriwhiringa me ngā panonitanga ahurea e haere tonu ana. Nā te pāpāho pāpori me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero matihiko i tere ake te horapa me te whakakotahitanga o ngā whakaaro whakapono, ā, he wāhi e piki haere ana te hiahia o ngā tohunga tātai tangata e ako ana i te whakapono me te ahurea i te ao matihiko.
Whakamutunga: Te Herenga Kore e Wetewetehia
Hei whakamutunga, he whanaungatanga uaua, he whanaungatanga hihiri hoki te whanaungatanga i waenga i te whakapono me te ahurea, e tohuhia ana e te awe tahi me te whanaketanga tonu. Ka whakaratohia e te mātauranga tangata he tirohanga tino nui ki tēnei whanaungatanga, e whakaatu ana i ngā huarahi e mau ana ngā whakapono me ngā mahi whakapono ki roto i ngā horopaki ahurea me te pehea e whai wāhi ai rātou ki te hanga me te whakahou i ngā tuakiri me ngā hanganga pāpori. Mā te mārama ki tēnei hononga uaua ka āwhina i a tātou ki te maioha ki te kanorau o ngā wheako tangata me ngā huarahi hohonu e hono ai te whakapono me te ahurea hei hanga i te whāriki o te oranga tangata. Mā te tirohanga mātauranga tangata, ka taea e tātou te mārama ake ki ngā mea o mua, te whakatere i te ao o nāianei, me te whakaaro ki te heke mai o tēnei whanaungatanga pumau me te hononga.
