Te Hononga Whakawhitiwhiti Mātauranga: Te Hononga o te Mātauranga Tangata ki te Hapori me te Hinengaro
Ko te mātauranga tangata, te ako whānui mō te tangata, ō rātou tūpuna, me ngā kararehe e pā ana, e whakarato ana i ngā māramatanga hōhonu ki ngā āhuatanga maha o te tangata, mai i ngā mahi ahurea ki te whanaketanga koiora. Heoi, kia tino mārama ai ki ngā uauatanga o te oranga tangata, he maha ngā wā ka hono te mātauranga tangata ki ētahi atu kaupapa ako, inā koa ko te pāpori me te hinengaro. Mā tēnei huarahi hono ka whakarei ake i tō tātou māramatanga ki ngā whanonga pāpori, ngā tikanga ahurea, me ngā wheako takitahi, e whakaatu ana i te hiranga o ngā akoranga maha-mātauranga.
Te Anthropology me te Sociology: Te Tātari i ngā Hanganga Hapori
Ko te mātauranga pāpori, te ako i ngā whanonga pāpori, te whakaritenga, me te whanaketanga, he rite tonu ki te mātauranga mātauranga tangata, inā koa i roto i te mātauranga mātauranga ahurea me te pāpori, e tirotiro ana i ngā taha ahurea me te pāpori o ngā hapori tangata.
Ngā Ahurea Whakataurite me ngā Hanganga Hapori
Ahakoa he rerekē ngā koki o te tirohanga a ngā tohunga tātai tangata me ngā tohunga pāpori, ka tirotirohia e rātou ngā hanganga pāpori me ngā mahi ahurea. He maha ngā wā ka whakawhirinaki ngā tohunga tātai tangata ki ngā tikanga tātaritanga iwi, ka rumakina rātou ki roto i ngā hapori e akohia ana e rātou, hei tirotiro me te mārama ki ngā tikanga pāpori, ngā kawa, me ngā mahi o ia rā. He rerekē, ka whakamahia pea e ngā tohunga pāpori ngā tikanga whānui ake pērā i ngā rangahau me ngā tātaritanga tatauranga hei mārama ki ngā au me ngā hanganga pāpori.
Hei tauira, ko te ako i te whanaungatanga me ngā whatunga pāpori he hononga noa. Kua whakawhiwhia e ngā tohunga tātai tangata pērā i a Bronisław Malinowski he tirohanga kounga nui ki ngā pūnaha whanaungatanga mā te tuhi i ngā āhuatanga uaua o ngā whanaungatanga whānau i roto i ngā ahurea rerekē. Kātahi ka whakamahia e ngā tohunga pāpori ēnei tirohanga hei whakatakoto ariā me te whakahaere rangahau nui mō te pānga o ēnei tauira whanaungatanga ki te hononga pāpori, te tohatoha rauemi, me te pumau pāpori.
Huringa Hapori me te Whanaketanga
Ka rukuhia hoki e ngā marautanga e rua ngā huringa me te whanaketanga pāpori. Ka tātarihia e ngā tohunga tātai tangata me ngā tohunga pāpori te whanaketanga o ngā mahi ahurea me ngā hanganga pāpori i roto i te wā, inā koa hei whakautu ki ngā mana o waho pēnei i te ao whānui, te whanaketanga hangarau, me ngā panonitanga ōhanga. Ka tūhura pea te tohunga tātai tangata i te urutau o ngā mahi taketake ki te ao hou, ko ngā tohunga pāpori ia ka tirotiro i ngā pānga whānui o ēnei huringa ki te kore taurite pāpori, te whanaketanga kaupapa here, me te whanonga ā-rōpū.
Te Anthropology me te Hinengaro: Te Hononga o te Ahurea me te Hinengaro
Ko te hinengaro hinengaro, te rangahau pūtaiao o te hinengaro me te whanonga, e hono ana ki te mātauranga tangata i roto i te tūhuratanga me pēhea te hanga a ngā horopaki ahurea i te hinengaro tangata, ngā kare ā-roto, me ngā whanonga.
Hinengaro Ahurea
Ko te hinengaro ahurea, he wāhanga iti e whakakotahi ana i te mātauranga tangata me te hinengaro, e rangahau ana i te awe o ngā tikanga ahurea me ngā mahi pāpori ki ngā tukanga hinengaro. E kī ana tēnei wāhanga iti maha-mātauranga ehara te hinengaro tangata i te mea whānui engari he mea kua piri hohonu ki roto i ngā horopaki ahurea.
Hei tauira, he rerekē te ariā o te whaiaro i roto i ngā ahurea katoa. Tērā pea ka tuhia e ngā tohunga tātai tangata ēnei rerekētanga mā roto i ngā whakaahuatanga ahurea taipitopito. I taua wā anō, ka whakamahia e ngā tohunga hinengaro ngā tikanga whakamātautau hei mārama ki te pānga o ēnei tauira ahurea o te whaiaro ki te hinengaro me te whanonga. I roto i ngā ahurea takitahi, he maha ngā wā ka kitea te whaiaro he motuhake, he motuhake hoki, e whakatairanga ana i ngā whanonga pēnei i te whakapuakitanga whaiaro me te whakatutukitanga whaiaro. I tētahi atu taha, i roto i ngā ahurea whakakotahi, ka tirohia te whaiaro i roto i te hononga ki te horopaki pāpori, ka ārahi ki te aro nui ki te rangimarie, ngā whāinga rōpū, me te whakawhirinakitanga.
Te Anthropology Hinengaro
Ka tirohia e te mātauranga hinengaro tangata te hononga i waenga i ngā taiao ahurea me te mahi hinengaro. Ka tirotirohia e tēnei mara te pānga o ngā wheako tamarikitanga motuhake ki te hauora hinengaro me te whanaketanga hinengaro e pā ana ki te ahurea.
He tauira whakamīharo o tēnei mahi whakawhitiwhiti-ahurea mō te mate hinengaro ngā rangahau ahurea-maha. Tērā pea ka mātakitaki, ka tuhi hoki ngā tohunga tātai tangata i ngā whakamārama me ngā maimoatanga taketake o te mate hinengaro, ka whakarato i tētahi horopaki ahurea whai kiko. Kātahi ka tātarihia e ngā tohunga hinengaro ēnei mahi kia mārama ai ki ngā āhuatanga whānui me ngā āhuatanga ahurea-motuhake o te hauora hinengaro, me te whakauru pea i ngā tikanga maimoatanga hou, i ngā huarahi rongoā rānei e aro nui ana ki te ahurea, e whai hua ana hoki.
Te Hononga i ngā Matauranga: Ngā Tikanga Whakakotahi me te Rangahau Mahi Tahi
Ehara i te mea he ariā noa iho te hononga o te mātauranga tangata me te pāpori me te hinengaro; engari ka puta mai he tikanga mahi me ngā mahi rangahau tahi e whakarei ake ana i tō tātou māramatanga ki te tangata.
Rangahau Tikanga Whakaranu
He taputapu kaha te whakaurunga o ngā huarahi kounga me ngā huarahi tauanga i roto i ngā rangahau maha-mātauranga. Hei tauira, ka taea te whakakotahi i ngā raraunga kounga a ngā tohunga tātai tangata, pērā i ngā uiuinga hōhonu me ngā mātakitakitanga a ngā kaiuru, me ngā raraunga tauanga a ngā tohunga pāpori, pērā i ngā rangahau me ngā tātaritanga tatauranga, hei whakarato i tētahi tirohanga whānui mō ngā take pāpori.
I roto i te ako i ngā hapori manene, ka taea e ngā māramatanga kounga mai i te mātauranga tangata te whakaatu i ngā kōrero whaiaro me ngā whakarerekētanga ahurea, engari ka taea e ngā raraunga pāpori te whakaatu i ngā tauira hekenga me ngā pānga ōhanga. Mā ēnei momo kaupapa e tuku ngā taunakitanga kaupapa here whānui hei aro atu ki ngā wero e pā ana ki ngā taupori manene.
Matauranga Mahi tahi
He mea nui ngā mahi tahi a ngā tohunga tātai tangata, ngā tohunga hapori, me ngā tohunga hinengaro mō ngā kaupapa hauora whānui, ngā kaupapa mātauranga, me ngā wawaotanga pāpori. Hei tauira, he nui ngā painga o tēnei mahi tahi mō ngā kaupapa hauora tūmatanui. Tērā pea ka tautuhia e ngā tohunga tātai tangata ngā whakapono me ngā mahi ahurea e pā ana ki ngā whanonga hauora, ka taea e ngā tohunga hinengaro te whakawhanake i ngā wawaotanga e aro ana ki te huringa whanonga, ā, ka taea e ngā tohunga hapori te tātari i ngā take pāpori o te hauora me te whai huatanga o ngā kaupapa here i te taumata taupori.
Whakamutunga: Te Mahi Tahi o ngā Pūtaiao
Ko te hononga o te mātauranga tangata me te hapori me te hinengaro e whakaatu ana i te mana o ngā huarahi whakawhitiwhiti mātauranga ki te wetewete i ngā uauatanga o te oranga tangata. Mā te whakakotahi i ngā kaha o ia kaupapa ako—ngā tirohanga ahurea hohonu o te mātauranga tangata, te tātari hanganga o te hapori, me te māramatanga o te hinengaro ki ngā tukanga hinengaro—ka taea e ngā tohunga te whakarato whakautu whānui ki ngā pātai nui mō ngā whanonga tangata me te hapori.
Ehara i te mea ko te whakatairanga i te mātauranga mātauranga anake tēnei mahi tahi, engari ka whakawhiwhia hoki ki ngā kaihanga kaupapa here, ki ngā kaimahi, me ngā hapori ki ngā rautaki matatau me te whai hua hei aro atu ki ngā take pāpori, hei whakatairanga i te hauora hinengaro, me te whakatairanga i te māramatanga ahurea. I roto i tētahi ao e hono tahi haere ana, e kanorau haere ana, he mea nui te mahi tahi i waenga i te mātauranga tangata, te pāpori pāpori, me te hinengaro i roto i tā tātou rapunga ki te mārama me te whakapai ake i te āhua o te tangata.
