Otu Hormones Thyroid si emetụta Metabolism
Ọkpụkpụ thyroid, obere akụkụ ahụ dị ka urukurubụba nke dị n'ala olu, na-arụ ọrụ dị ukwuu n'ịchịkwa ọtụtụ ọrụ ahụ site na mwepụta nke homonụ thyroid. Homonụ ndị a, ọkachasị thyroxine (T4) na triiodothyronine (T3), nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu, na-emetụta ọnụego metabolic, mmepụta ike, na ọbụna ọrụ nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ sistemụ akụkụ ahụ niile. Mmebi ahụ, usoro mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ na-akwado ndụ na ihe ndị dị ndụ, na-emetụta mmetụta nke homonụ thyroid. Na nkọwa okwu 1000 a, anyị ga-enyocha otu homonụ thyroid si emetụta metabolism, na-egosi mkpa ha dị na ahụike na ọdịmma zuru oke.
Isi ihe ndị bụ isi: Ịghọta Hormones Thyroid
A na-emepụta homonụ thyroid n'ime gland thyroid site na usoro nke gụnyere ịnabata iodine site na ọbara. A na-emepụta Thyroxine (T4) n'ọtụtụ buru ibu, ebe triiodothyronine (T3) na-arụ ọrụ karịa n'ihe gbasara bayoloji mana ọ dị obere. Ọtụtụ T3 sitere na mgbanwe nke T4 n'ime anụ ahụ dị n'akụkụ.
A na-achịkwa mmepụta na ntọhapụ nke homonụ ndị a site na usoro nzaghachi nke metụtara hypothalamus na gland pituitary. Hypothalamus na-ewepụta homonụ thyrotropin-releasing (TRH), na-akpali gland pituitary imepụta homonụ na-akpali thyroid (TSH). TSH na-akpali thyroid ka ọ wepụta T4 na T3.
Metabolism na ọkwa sel
Metabolism gụnyere usoro catabolic na anabolic, nke ọ bụla n'ime ha na-emetụta homonụ thyroid.
1. Ọnụọgụ Metabolic Basal (BMR): Hormones thyroid na-emetụta ọnụego metabolic basal nke ukwuu, ọnụọgụ kalori achọrọ iji nọgide na-arụ ọrụ physiological bụ isi n'oge ezumike. Ọkwa dị elu nke T3 na T4 na-eme ka BMR dịkwuo elu site n'ịkpalite ọrụ mitochondrial, na-akwalite ọkụ kalori, na ime ka oriri oxygen dịkwuo mma.
2. Thermogenesis: A maara mmepụta nke okpomọkụ site na usoro metabolic dị ka thermogenesis. Homonụ thyroid na-eme ka ọrụ thermogenic dịkwuo elu na anụ ahụ adipose aja aja, si otú a na-eme ka mmepụta okpomọkụ na mmefu ike dịkwuo elu. Usoro a dị oke mkpa maka ịnọgide na-enwe okpomọkụ ahụ n'ebe oyi na-atụ.
3. Mmebi nke Carbohydrate: Homonụ thyroid na-eme ka metabolism carbohydrate dịkwuo mfe site n'ịbawanye nnabata glucose site na eriri afọ. Ha na-emekwa ka glycogenolysis (nbibi nke glycogen ka ọ bụrụ glucose) na gluconeogenesis (mmepụta glucose site na isi mmalite ndị na-abụghị carbohydrate) dịkwuo mma, na-eme ka ike dị ngwa.
4. Metabolism Lipid: Lipids bụ isi iyi ike ọzọ dị mkpa, homonụ thyroid na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa na metabolism lipid. Ha na-akpali lipolysis—ma ọ bụ mmebi nke abụba ka ọ bụrụ abụba asịd na glycerol—ma na-agbanwe njikọ na mmebi cholesterol. Ọrụ thyroid kwesịrị ekwesị na-enyere aka ịnọgide na-enwe profaịlụ lipid kacha mma n'ọbara.
5. Mmebi nke protein: Homonụ thyroid na-emetụta metabolism protein site n'ịchịkwa ma mmepụta protein na mmebi. Ọ bụ ezie na ha na-akwalite mmepụta protein dị mkpa maka uto na ndozi, oke oke ọkwa nwere ike ibute mmebi akwara n'ihi mmụba nke catabolism protein.
Mmetụta Sistemụ nke Ọkwa Hormone Thyroid Gbanwere
N'ihi ọrụ dị mkpa nke homonụ thyroid na-arụ n'ịchịkwa metabolism, ihe ọ bụla na-agbanwe site na ọkwa nkịtị nwere ike ibute ọtụtụ nsogbu metabolic.
1. Ọrịa thyroid: A na-amata ọrịa thyroid site na mmepụta oke homonụ thyroid. Ihe si na ya pụta bụ ọnọdụ metabolic ngwa ngwa, yana ihe mgbaàmà dịka mbelata ibu n'amaghị ama, nkụchi obi, agụụ na-abawanye, na enweghị ike ịnagide okpomọkụ. Mmụba homonụ thyroid na-eme ka metabolism abụba na carbohydrate dịkwuo elu, na-edugakarị na mbelata nchekwa abụba na mmụba nke protein akwara, na-akpata adịghị ike na ike ọgwụgwụ akwara.
2. Hypothyroidism: Na hypothyroidism, gland thyroid anaghị emepụta homonụ thyroid nke ọma, nke na-eduga n'ọnọdụ metabolic na-adịghị mma. Ihe mgbaàmà ya gụnyere mmụba ibu, ike ọgwụgwụ, enweghị ike ịnagide oyi, na adịghị ike akwara. Mbelata ọkwa T4 na T3 na-ebelata usoro metabolic, na-ebelata catabolism lipid na carbohydrate, na-ebelata BMR. N'ihi ya, ndị mmadụ na-enwekarị mmụba nke cholesterol na triglycerides, na-amụba ohere nke ibute ọrịa obi.
3. Ọrịa thyroid dị n'okpuru: Ụdị hypothyroidism a dị nro, ebe ọkwa homonụ thyroid dị n'ime oke dị ala dịka ọ dị na mbụ mana ọkwa TSH dị elu, ka nwere ike imetụta metabolism nke ọma. Ọ bụ ezie na mgbaàmà nwere ike ọ gaghị apụta ìhè nke ọma, ndị mmadụ nwere ike inwe obere mmụba ibu, ike ọgwụgwụ, na ọkwa cholesterol dị elu.
4. Nsogbu thyroid na ọrịa shuga: E nwere njikọ dị n'etiti nsogbu thyroid na ọrịa shuga. Nsogbu thyroid nwere ike ime ka iguzogide insulin ka njọ ma metụta njikwa glycemic, ebe ọrịa shuga nwere ike imetụta metabolism homonụ thyroid ma mee ka ọnọdụ dịka hypothyroidism ka njọ.
Mmetụta ọgwụgwọ
N'ihi njikọ dị mgbagwoju anya dị n'etiti homonụ thyroid na metabolism, ọgwụgwọ a na-eme iji mee ka ọrụ thyroid dị mma dị oke mkpa.
1. Homonụ Thyroid Sịntetik: Maka hypothyroidism, nnọchi homonụ thyroid sịntetik (levothyroxine) bụ ọgwụgwọ a na-ahụkarị. Ịtụnye ọgwụ kwesịrị ekwesị na-eme ka usoro metabolic dịghachi n'ọkwa kwesịrị ekwesị, ndị ọrịa na-enwekwa mgbanwe nke mgbaàmà dịka mmụba ibu na ike ọgwụgwụ.
2. Ọgwụ mgbochi thyroid: N'ihe gbasara hyperthyroidism, ọgwụ dịka methimazole ma ọ bụ propylthiouracil na-egbochi mmepụta homonụ thyroid, si otú a na-ebelata ọrụ metabolic gabigara ókè ma na-ebelata mgbaàmà.
3. Mgbanwe Ndụ: Na mgbakwunye na ọgwụ ndị a na-enye, mgbanwe ndụ—dịka nri kwesịrị ekwesị nke jupụtara na iodine na mmega ahụ mgbe niile—na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkwado ahụike thyroid na ọrụ metabolic kacha mma.
4. Nlekota na Mgbanwe: Nlekota ọkwa homonụ thyroid na ihe nrịbama metabolic dị mkpa maka ndị mmadụ na-anata ọgwụgwọ maka nsogbu thyroid. Mgbanwe nkeonwe na ọgwụgwọ na-eme ka usoro metabolic na-aga n'ihu ma nwee ahụ ike zuru oke.
mmechi
Homonụ thyroid bụ ndị na-achịkwa metabolism, na-etinye aka n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ usoro biochemical niile nke na-akwado ndụ. Site na ime ka ọnụego metabolic basal na thermogenesis dịkwuo mma ruo na ịhazi carbohydrate, lipid, na protein metabolism, mmetụta ha dị omimi ma gbasaa ebe niile. Ịghọta otu homonụ ndị a si arụkọ ọrụ na ụzọ metabolic na-egosi mkpa ọ dị ịnọgide na-enwe ahụike thyroid. Ọrụ thyroid kacha mma abụghị naanị na-eme ka nguzozi metabolic dịkwuo mma kamakwa ọ na-eme ka ndụ dịkwuo mma, na-emesi ike mkpa ọ dị maka mmata, nchọpụta oge, na njikwa dị irè nke ọnọdụ metụtara thyroid.
