Hom thiab Nruab Nrab: Kev Piav Qhia thiab Kev Siv Hauv Kev Txheeb Xyuas
Kev suav lej yog ib ceg ntawm kev suav lej uas cuam tshuam nrog kev sau, kev tshuaj xyuas, kev txhais lus, kev nthuav qhia, thiab kev teeb tsa cov ntaub ntawv. Hauv kev suav lej, ntau yam kev ntsuas ntawm kev faib tawm thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raug siv los tshuaj xyuas thiab nkag siab lawv. Ob qho ntawm qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog hom thiab nruab nrab. Tsab xov xwm no yuav piav qhia txog hom thiab nruab nrab yog dab tsi, yuav ua li cas xam lawv, thiab lawv qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv.
Hom yog dab tsi?
Hom yog tus nqi uas tshwm sim ntau zaus hauv cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa. Ntau dua li kev siv tshuab, hom yog tus nqi lossis pawg uas muaj zaus siab tshaj plaws hauv kev faib cov ntaub ntawv. Hom tuaj yeem siv rau cov ntaub ntawv categorical, ordinal, interval, thiab ratio. Tsis zoo li qhov nruab nrab thiab median, hom tsis yog ib txwm tshwj xeeb. Hauv qee kis, cov ntaub ntawv yuav muaj ntau dua ib hom (bimodal lossis multimodal) lossis tsis muaj hom kiag li yog tias txhua tus nqi tshwm sim nrog zaus sib npaug.
Yuav Ua Li Cas Xam Hom
Kev xam hom yooj yim heev. Koj tsuas yog yuav tsum txheeb xyuas tus nqi uas tshwm sim ntau zaus hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Nov yog ib qho piv txwv yooj yim:
Cia peb hais tias peb muaj cov ntaub ntawv teev hauv qab no: 3, 7, 5, 9, 7, 6, 7, 2.
Hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus nqi 7 tshwm sim peb zaug, ntau dua li lwm tus nqi. Yog li ntawd, hom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no yog 7.
Rau cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj dua lossis cov ntaub ntawv categorical, koj yuav tsum tau npaj cov zaus ntawm txhua tus nqi kom yooj yim txheeb xyuas lawv.
Piv txwv ntawm Cov Ntaub Ntawv Categorical:
Tau ua ib qho kev tshawb fawb kom pom cov xim tsheb nyiam tshaj plaws: Liab, Xiav, Dub, Dawb, Dub, Xiav, Xiav.
Hauv qhov piv txwv no:
- Liab tshwm sim 1 zaug
– Xim xiav tshwm sim 3 zaug
- Dub tshwm sim 2 zaug
- Dawb tshwm sim 1 zaug
Hom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no yog Xiav, vim qhov no yog xim uas tau hais ntau tshaj plaws (3 zaug).
Thaum Lub Hom Tsis Yog Ib Leeg Los Yog Tsis Muaj
Qee zaum, cov ntaub ntawv yuav muaj ntau tshaj ib hom lossis tsis muaj hom li. Piv txwv li:
Bimodal los yog Multimodal:
Cov ntaub ntawv: 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7
Hauv qhov piv txwv no, cov nqi 4, 5, thiab 6 txhua tus tshwm sim ob zaug. Yog li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv no yog multimodal nrog hom 4, 5, thiab 6.
Tsis muaj hom:
Cov Ntaub Ntawv Teev: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Txhua tus nqi tsuas tshwm sim ib zaug xwb, yog li ntawd tsis muaj hom hauv cov ntaub ntawv no.
Tus Nruab Nrab yog dab tsi?
Tus nqi nruab nrab yog tus nqi nruab nrab hauv cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa. Nws faib cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa ua ob ntu sib npaug, nrog ib nrab ntawm cov nqi poob qis dua tus nqi nruab nrab thiab ib nrab ntxiv saum toj ntawm tus nqi nruab nrab. Tus nqi nruab nrab feem ntau siv vim tias nws tsis raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov nqi siab lossis cov outliers zoo li qhov nruab nrab, yog li muab qhov qhia zoo dua ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev faib cov ntaub ntawv thaum cov ntaub ntawv muaj kev hloov pauv loj.
Yuav Ua Li Cas Xam Tus Nruab Nrab
Cov kauj ruam los xam tus nqi nruab nrab yog raws li nram no:
1. Cais cov ntaub ntawv raws li qib nce mus.
2. Yog tias tus lej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv (N) yog khib, qhov nruab nrab yog tus nqi nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab.
3. Yog tias tus lej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv (N) yog tus lej sib npaug, tus lej nruab nrab yog tus lej nruab nrab ntawm ob tus nqi hauv nruab nrab.
Piv txwv:
Cov ntaub ntawv nrog tus lej khib:
Cov Ntaub Ntawv Teev: 3, 7, 5, 9, 6
Xaiv: 3, 5, 6, 7, 9
Nruab Nrab: 6 (tus nqi nyob hauv nruab nrab)
Cov ntaub ntawv nrog tus lej sib npaug:
Cov ntaub ntawv: 3, 7, 5, 9, 6, 8
Xaiv: 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Nruab Nrab: (6 + 7) / 2 = 6.5
Nruab Nrab hauv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Qeb
Txawm hais tias tus median feem ntau siv rau cov ntaub ntawv txuas ntxiv mus lossis cov ntaub ntawv ordinal, nws kuj tseem siv tau rau cov ntaub ntawv categorical nrog kev txiav txim meej.
Piv txwv ntawm Cov Ntaub Ntawv Categorical (Ordinal):
Kev Ntsuas Yeeb Yam: Zoo, Zoo Heev, Nruab Nrab, Zoo Heev, Zoo
Cais raws li qib: Nruab nrab, Zoo, Zoo, Zoo heev, Zoo heev
Nruab Nrab: Zoo (tus nqi nruab nrab thib peb)
Lub Zog thiab Qhov Tsis Muaj Zog ntawm Median
Ib qho ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm qhov nruab nrab yog nws qhov kev nkag siab rau cov outliers. Piv txwv li, cia peb hais tias peb muaj cov ntaub ntawv nyiaj tau los thiab tus CEO uas muaj nyiaj tau los siab heev suav nrog. Qhov nruab nrab tseem yuav muab daim duab tseeb dua ntawm cov nyiaj tau los hauv nruab nrab dua li qhov nruab nrab, uas yuav raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov nqi siab heev. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov nruab nrab yog tias hauv cov ntaub ntawv me me, cov ntaub ntawv uas ploj lawm lossis tsis raug tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov txiaj ntsig.
Hom vs Nruab Nrab vs Nruab Nrab
Ob qho tib si hom, nruab nrab, thiab nruab nrab yog cov kev ntsuas ntawm qhov sib txawv nruab nrab uas muab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev faib cov ntaub ntawv.
– Nruab Nrab: Tus lej nruab nrab ntawm txhua cov ntaub ntawv. rhiab heev rau cov outliers.
– Nruab Nrab: Tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raug xaiv. Tsis rhiab rau cov outliers.
– Hom: Tus nqi uas tshwm sim ntau zaus. Pab tau rau cov ntaub ntawv categorical.
Txhua yam muaj nws tus kheej siv thiab qhov tsis zoo, thiab qee zaum siv ua ke los muab ib daim duab ntxaws ntxiv.
Xaiv Qhov Loj Yog
Kev xaiv qhov ntsuas tsim nyog ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm nruab nrab yog nyob ntawm hom ntaub ntawv thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas.
- Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv muaj outliers lossis tsis faib tawm ib txwm muaj, qhov nruab nrab yuav tsim nyog dua.
- Yog tias koj xav tau qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws lossis pawg tseem ceeb, hom yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua.
- Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau faib tawm yam tsis muaj outliers, qhov nruab nrab tuaj yeem muab tau qhov sawv cev zoo.
Piv txwv li, hauv kev tshuaj xyuas kev lag luam vaj tse, tus lej nruab nrab feem ntau siv los piav qhia txog tus nqi vaj tse vim yog qhov sib txawv ntawm tus nqi. Hauv kev soj ntsuam pej xeem, hom no siv tau los txheeb xyuas qhov kev xaiv nrov tshaj plaws.
Xaus
Tus qauv thiab tus nruab nrab yog ob qho kev ntsuas uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv kev suav lej. Txawm hais tias lawv muab cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv, lawv tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim thiab sau cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, pab txiav txim siab raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawd. Lawv qhov muaj, nrog rau qhov nruab nrab, tso cai rau cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas kom tau txais daim duab tiav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas lawv tab tom kawm.
