Lub Zog Sib Nqus: Qhov Xwm Txheej Txaus Ntshai Tom Qab Qhov Xav Tsis Thoob ntawm Physics
Kev sib nqus yog ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej ntuj tsim uas txaus nyiam tshaj plaws thiab muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Txij li cov compass uas pab cov neeg tshawb nrhiav nrhiav lawv txoj kev mus rau cov thev naus laus zis siab heev xws li magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetism tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam ntawm tib neeg lub neej. Tsab xov xwm no yuav piav qhia txog lub tswv yim yooj yim ntawm magnetism, keeb kwm ntawm nws qhov kev tshawb pom, nws cov kev siv hauv lub neej txhua hnub, thiab nws ua haujlwm li cas thiab nws cuam tshuam rau lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no.
Lub Tswv Yim Tseem Ceeb ntawm Lub Zog Sib Nqus
Kev Txhais thiab Cov Khoom ntawm Cov Hlau Nplaum
Ib lub hlau nplaum yog ib yam khoom uas muaj peev xwm rub cov khoom ferromagnetic xws li hlau, nickel, thiab cobalt. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau nplaum suav nrog sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb, qhov twg cov ncej sib txawv rub ib leeg, thaum cov ncej zoo sib xws thawb ib leeg. Qhov no yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas ua rau cov hlau nplaum ua haujlwm li cas hauv ntau yam kev siv.
Cov hlau nplaum muaj ob pawg tseem ceeb: cov hlau nplaum ntuj thiab cov hlau nplaum dag. Cov hlau nplaum ntuj, xws li lodestone lossis magnetite, pom muaj nyob rau hauv xwm, thaum cov hlau nplaum dag yog tsim los ntawm kev kho cov khoom siv los tsim lub teb hlau nplaum.
Lub zog sib nqus
Lub zog sib nqus yog qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig lub hlau nplaum uas tuaj yeem hnov lub zog sib nqus. Lub zog no yog piav qhia los ntawm cov kab sib nqus ntawm lub zog uas tawm ntawm lub hlau nplaum sab qaum teb thiab rov qab nkag mus rau sab qab teb. Lub zog ntawm lub zog sib nqus nyob ntawm qhov deb ntawm lub hlau nplaum thiab lub zog ntawm lub hlau nplaum nws tus kheej.
Cov Cai Tseem Ceeb
Txoj cai lij choj tseem ceeb uas tswj hwm lub zog sib nqus yog Coulomb txoj cai ntawm kev sib nqus, uas hais tias lub zog ntawm ob lub ncej sib nqus yog sib npaug ncaj qha rau cov khoom ntawm lub zog ntawm ob lub ncej thiab sib npaug rov qab rau lub xwmfab ntawm qhov deb ntawm lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, Ampère txoj cai thiab Faraday txoj cai kuj tseem ceeb hauv kev piav qhia txog cov xwm txheej electromagnetic.
Keeb Kwm ntawm Kev Tshawb Pom Cov Hlau nplaum
Keeb kwm ntawm kev siv hlau nplaum tau muaj txij li ntau txhiab xyoo. Kev siv hlau nplaum thaum ub tuaj yeem taug qab mus rau Tuam Tshoj thaum ub thiab Tim Nkij teb chaws. Cov neeg Suav tau siv cov pob zeb lodestone los tsim cov compass yooj yim los pab kev caij nkoj hauv hiav txwv. Qhov kev tshawb pom no tau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev lag luam rau ntau pua xyoo.
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th, cov kws tshawb fawb xws li Hans Christian Ørsted, André-Marie Ampère, thiab Michael Faraday tau ua cov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb txuas hluav taws xob thiab magnetism. Ørsted tau pom tias cov hluav taws xob tam sim no tuaj yeem tsim cov teb magnetic, thaum Ampère nthuav peb txoj kev nkag siab txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm hluav taws xob thiab magnetism. Faraday, ntawm qhov tod tes, tau pom electromagnetic induction, uas yog lub hauv paus rau ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub.
Cov Kev Siv ntawm Lub Zog Sib Nqus hauv Lub Neej Txhua Hnub
Siv rau hauv Electronics
Ib qho ntawm cov kev siv zog sib nqus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov hlau nplaum siv rau hauv ntau yam khoom siv, suav nrog cov lus hais lus, lub microphones, thiab cov cav hluav taws xob. Hauv lub suab hais lus, piv txwv li, lub hlau nplaum ua haujlwm ua ke nrog lub kauj los hloov cov teeb liab hluav taws xob mus ua suab nthwv dej.
Kev Kho Mob Siv Tshuab
Kev siv hlau nplaum kuj tseem ceeb heev rau kev siv tshuab kho mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev siv tshuab magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI yog ib txoj kev siv tshuab thaij duab uas siv lub zog magnetic thiab cov xov tooj cua los tsim cov duab ntxaws ntxaws ntawm cov kabmob thiab cov qauv hauv lub cev. MRI tau dhau los ua ib qho cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv kev kuaj mob vim nws muaj peev xwm muab cov duab meej heev yam tsis tas siv X-rays lossis lwm yam hluav taws xob ionizing.
Kev Taw Qhia thiab Kev Thauj Mus Los
Cov hlau nplaum kuj tseem siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem navigation niaj hnub no. Lub Global Positioning System (GPS) siv cov satellites los txiav txim qhov chaw siv lub ntiaj teb lub magnetic field. Tsis tas li ntawd, Maglev (magnetic levitation) tsheb ciav hlau siv cov magnetic field los tsa thiab thawb cov tsheb ciav hlau yam tsis muaj kev sib cuag nrog cov hlau, ua rau muaj kev kub ceev thiab caij tsheb du.
Kev Khaws Cov Ntaub Ntawv
Hauv cov khoos phis tawj thiab thev naus laus zis xov xwm, magnetism ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev khaws cov ntaub ntawv. Hard disk drives (HDDs) yog ib qho piv txwv zoo, qhov twg cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm magnetism ntawm cov hlau platters. Kev nce qib ntawm thev naus laus zis tau ua rau muaj kev khaws cov ntaub ntawv loj dua thiab sai dua los ntawm kev siv cov ntsiab cai ntawm magnetism.
Cov kev xav tau txhua hnub
Hauv tsev, cov hlau nplaum siv rau hauv cov khoom siv niaj hnub xws li kaw lub qhov rooj tub yees, khawm lub tsho hauv siab thiab hnab, thiab cov khoom ua si rau menyuam yaus. Cov kev siv no qhia txog kev siv cov hlau nplaum hauv lub neej txhua hnub.
Lub Zog Sib Nqus Ua Haujlwm Li Cas
Kev Sib Cuam Tshuam ntawm Cov Hlau Nplaum thiab Cov Khoom Siv
Cov hlau nplaum sib cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv los ntawm kev tsim cov zog nyiam lossis cov zog tsis zoo. Thaum ib yam khoom uas muaj hlau nplaum (xws li ib daim hlau) raug muab tso ze ntawm lub zog hlau nplaum, nws dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem hu ua magnetic induction, qhov twg nws dhau los ua magnetized ib ntus. Cov txheej txheem no cuam tshuam nrog kev sib phim ntawm cov chaw sib nqus hauv cov khoom siv.
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob
Ib lub hlau nplaum hluav taws xob yog ib hom hlau nplaum uas nws lub zog sib nqus tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm kev hloov pauv qhov hluav taws xob ntws los ntawm ib lub kauj hlau. Cov hlau nplaum hluav taws xob muaj ntau yam kev siv, suav nrog cov khoom siv kho mob, cov cav hluav taws xob, thiab cov relays. Ib qho ntawm lawv cov txiaj ntsig yog lub peev xwm los tswj lub teb sib nqus kom raug thiab kho nws lub zog raws li qhov xav tau.
Hlau nplaum tas mus li
Lub hlau nplaum tas mus li yog lub hlau nplaum uas tswj nws lub zog sib nqus tau ntev. Cov ntaub ntawv xws li alnico, neodymium, thiab samarium-cobalt yog qee cov piv txwv ntawm cov hlau nplaum tas mus li uas siv ntau. Lub zog ntawm lub hlau nplaum tas mus li nyob ntawm cov khoom siv uas nws ua los ntawm thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom.
Kev Cuam Tshuam thiab Kev Cov Teeb Meem
Qhov cuam tshuam zoo
Kev siv lub zog hlau nplaum tau muab ntau yam txiaj ntsig rau tib neeg. Txij li cov khoom siv pab nrhiav kev mus rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab heev mus rau cov thev naus laus zis kho mob cawm siav, cov hlau nplaum tau txhim kho peb lub neej zoo dua. Ntxiv mus, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho hauv kev siv zog hlau nplaum txuas ntxiv qhib cov cib fim tshiab hauv thev naus laus zis thiab kev tsim kho tshiab.
Cov Teeb Meem thiab Kev Txwv
Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv cov hlau nplaum kuj ntsib ntau yam teeb meem. Cov ntaub ntawv siv los ua cov hlau nplaum, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hlau nplaum av tsawg, tuaj yeem tsis tshua muaj thiab kim. Ntxiv mus, kev tswj hwm cov khib nyiab hlau nplaum thiab kev cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim cov hlau nplaum kuj yog qhov txhawj xeeb loj heev.
Xaus
Kev sib nqus yog ib qho tseem ceeb thiab muaj nyob thoob plaws lub cev, nrog rau kev siv ntau yam ntawm lub neej niaj hnub no. Txij li thaum pib tshawb pom cov hlau nplaum ntuj tsim mus rau kev txhim kho cov thev naus laus zis siab heev, cov hlau nplaum tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Los ntawm kev nkag siab txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib nqus thiab nws cov ntawv thov, peb tuaj yeem nkag siab zoo dua txog qhov xwm txheej ntuj no thiab txuas ntxiv tshawb nrhiav lub peev xwm tsis tau siv ntawm kev sib nqus.
