Yog peb saib ze ze, cov pa luam yeeb los ntawm qhov kub hnyiab tseem pom tau thaum xub thawj. Tom qab ib pliag, cov pa luam yeeb tsis pom. Koj puas tau siv tshuaj tsw qab? Txawm tias koj tsuag tshuaj tsw qab hauv koj chav, lwm tus sab nraum lub tsev tseem tuaj yeem hnov cov ntxhiab tsw qab. Ib yam li ntawd, yog tias koj niam ua zaub mov qab thiab qab hauv chav ua noj, cov ntxhiab tsw qab tuaj yeem hnov los ntawm cov neeg zej zog lub tsev. Vim li cas thiaj li no?
Nkag Siab Txog Kev Sib Kis
Muaj ntau lwm yam piv txwv. Yog tias koj muab ob peb tee dej kua mem los yog xim zaub mov rau hauv ib khob dej ntshiab, cov kua mem los yog xim zaub mov yuav kis mus thoob plaws hauv dej. Qhov no tshwm sim tau. Cov piv txwv dhau los yog cov xwm txheej sib kis uas feem ntau ntsib hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Kev sib kis yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txav cov molecules ntawm ib yam khoom los ntawm thaj chaw uas muaj kev sib xyaw siab mus rau thaj chaw uas muaj kev sib xyaw qis. Kev sib xyaw yog hais txog tus lej ntawm cov molecules / moles ntawm ib yam khoom ib ntim. Ib qho chaw uas muaj kev sib xyaw siab yog qhov uas muaj ntau cov molecules ntawm ib yam khoom ib ntim. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov chaw uas muaj kev sib xyaw qis yog qhov uas muaj ob peb lub molecules ib ntim.
Thaum koj hlawv cov khib nyiab, cov pa luam yeeb nyob ib puag ncig lub tshuab hlawv khib nyiab feem ntau siab heev. Vim yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, cov pa luam yeeb yuav kis tau los ntawm thaj chaw uas muaj qhov sib txawv ntau mus rau thaj chaw uas muaj qhov sib txawv tsawg. Cov pa luam yeeb, uas thaum xub thawj sib sau ua ke, thaum kawg tawg mus rau txhua qhov chaw.
Thaum koj tsuag tshuaj tsw qab rau ntawm koj lub cev, thaj chaw uas tsuag tshuaj tsw qab muaj qhov concentration siab. Vim yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov concentration no, cov tshuaj tsw qab txav mus los ntawm thaj chaw uas muaj concentration siab mus rau thaj chaw uas muaj concentration qis. Thaum koj ntxiv ob peb tee ntawm cov kua mem lossis xim zaub mov rau hauv ib khob dej ntshiab, thaj chaw uas siv cov kua mem lossis xim zaub mov thawj zaug feem ntau muaj qhov concentration siab dua. Vim yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov concentration no, cov kua mem lossis xim zaub mov molecule kis mus thoob plaws thaj chaw uas muaj concentration qis. Cov txheej txheem diffusion nres thaum qhov concentration ntawm cov kua mem hauv txhua thaj chaw ntawm dej sib npaug.
Kev Sib Txawv thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb Kinetic
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov txheej txheem diffusion tuaj yeem piav qhia siv kev tshawb fawb kinetic. Kev tshawb fawb kinetic hais tias txhua yam khoom muaj cov molecule, thiab cov molecule no nyob rau hauv kev txav mus los tas mus li. Txhawm rau nkag siab qhov no, tshuaj xyuas daim duab hauv qab no. Tag nrho lub thawv puv nrog dej. Vim tias kua mem tau nchuav rau hauv nws, cov dej ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub thawv muaj qhov concentration siab dua li cov dej hauv qab.
C1 yog ib feem ntawm lub tog raj kheej lossis ib feem ntawm cov dej uas muaj qhov concentration siab, thaum C2 yog ib feem ntawm lub tog raj kheej lossis ib feem ntawm cov dej uas muaj qhov concentration qis. Yuav kom yooj yim rau kev tshuaj xyuas, peb tsuas yog yuav tshuaj xyuas qhov kev txav mus los ntawm cov kua mem hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tog raj kheej.
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov kua mem ntawm C1 yog ntau dua (muaj ntau qhov sib xyaw) dua li cov kua mem ntawm C2 ( muaj tsawg qhov sib xyaw). Vim tias cov kua mem txav mus tas li, cov kua mem ntawm C1 muaj feem yuav txav mus rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tog raj kheej ( Δ x). Ntawm qhov tod tes, tus naj npawb ntawm cov kua mem ntawm C2 yog me heev yog li lawv muaj feem yuav txav mus rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tog raj kheej ( Δ x).
Tus Nqi Sib Kis
Yog li, yuav muaj tag nrho cov kua mem ntws los ntawm C1 mus rau C2 . Raws li kev tshawb fawb uas tus kws tshawb fawb hu ua Adolf Fick (1829-1901) tau ua, nws tau pom tias qhov nrawm ntawm kev sib kis yog qhov sib piv ncaj qha rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov concentration (C2 - C1 ) . Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov concentration ntau dua, qhov nrawm ntawm kev ntws ntawm cov molecules ntawm cov khoom. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov sib txawv me dua ntawm qhov concentration, qhov nrawm ntawm kev ntws ntawm cov molecules ntawm cov khoom me dua. Qhov no yuav raws li peb qhov kev xav tias qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov concentration kuj cuam tshuam rau qhov nrawm ntawm kev ntws ntawm cov molecules. Ntxiv nrog rau kev txav mus los ntawm qhov chaw mus rau qhov chaw los ntawm kev sib kis, cov molecules ntawm cov khoom (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov pa roj) kuj tuaj yeem txav mus los ntawm ib qho chaw mus rau lwm qhov siv kev pab ntawm cua.
Kev siv Diffusion hauv lub neej txhua hnub
Yog tsis muaj kev sib kis, koj tus khub hlub yuav tsis muaj peev xwm txaus siab rau qhov tsw ntawm koj cov tshuaj tsw qab. Yog tsis muaj kev sib kis, qhov tsw qab thiab qab ntawm koj niam ua noj hauv chav ua noj yuav tsis muaj peev xwm rhuav tshem koj txoj kev npau suav thiab ua rau koj xav ua tiav cov pluas noj muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm lub rooj noj mov sai sai. 😉 Kev sib kis kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev rau kev ciaj sia ntawm tib neeg, tsiaj txhu, nroj tsuag, thiab lwm yam.
Feem ntau cov nroj tsuag xav tau cov pa roj carbon dioxide (CO2 ) rau photosynthesis. Vim tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm CO2 concentration ntawm sab hauv ntawm nplooj thiab sab nraud huab cua, CO2 molecules diffuse rau hauv nplooj los ntawm stomata. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov pa dej thiab cov pa oxygen diffuse tawm. Ntxiv rau cov nroj tsuag, miv, nas, thiab lwm yam, kuj tuaj yeem ua tsis taus pa yog tias tsis muaj diffusion. Thaum cov nroj tsuag xav tau CO2 rau photosynthesis, miv, nas, thiab lwm yam xav tau oxygen rau txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm tsim hluav taws xob. Txhawm rau mus txog cov cell, cov pa oxygen txav mus los ntawm diffusion.
