Cov Lus Nug Piv Txwv Sib Tham Txog Cov Khoom ntawm Colloids
Ib hom colloid yog ib hom kev sib xyaw uas ib yam khoom sib kis thoob plaws lwm yam khoom. Lub kaw lus sib kis no muaj cov khoom me me loj dua li cov molecule yooj yim tab sis me dua li cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke. Cov colloids muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb uas sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj tiag tiag thiab cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tham txog ntau qhov teeb meem piv txwv uas piav qhia txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov colloids thiab muab cov lus sib tham ntxaws ntxaws kom yooj yim nkag siab ntxiv.
Cov Khoom ntawm Colloids
Ua ntej peb nkag mus rau hauv cov lus nug thiab kev sib tham piv txwv, cia peb xub paub qee yam ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm colloids:
1. Cov nyhuv Tyndall:
- Cov cuab yeej no hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov colloids los tso tawm lub teeb thaum lub teeb hla dhau lub kaw lus colloidal. Qhov no yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov khoom me me colloidal loj txaus los tawg lub teeb.
2. Kev txav mus los ntawm Brownian:
- Qhov xwm txheej no tshwm sim vim yog kev txav mus los ntawm cov khoom me me hauv cov khoom sib kis, uas yog los ntawm kev sib tsoo nrog cov molecules ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab.
3. Kev Ua Kom Cov Ntshav Sib Nqus (Clumping):
- Cov colloids tuaj yeem coagulate lossis clump thaum raug rau qee cov ions lossis kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev xws li cua sov.
4. Kev nqus:
- Cov khoom me me Colloidal tuaj yeem nyiam thiab tuav cov molecules lossis ions los ntawm ib puag ncig ntawm lawv qhov chaw.
5. Kev Them Hluav Taws Xob ntawm Cov Khoom Colloidal:
- Cov khoom me me Colloidal feem ntau raug them hluav taws xob vim yog qhov adsorption ntawm qee cov ions los ntawm cov khoom ib puag ncig.
6. Kev ntxuav ntshav:
- Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev cais cov ions lossis cov molecule me me ntawm cov kua siv lub semipermeable membrane. Vim tias cov colloidal particles loj dua li cov molecule ib txwm, lawv tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv daim nyias nyias.
Cov Lus Nug Piv Txwv thiab Kev Sib Tham Txog Cov Khoom Colloidal
Piv txwv lus nug 1: Tyndall Effect
Lus Nug: Ib qho tshuaj ntawm cov khoom A thiab ib qho colloid ntawm cov khoom B raug muab tso rau hauv ob lub raj kuaj sib txawv. Thaum lub teeb raug hla dhau ob lub raj kuaj, tsuas yog cov tshuaj B tso tawm lub teeb. Piav qhia vim li cas qhov no tshwm sim.
Kev Sib Tham:
Qhov no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm Tyndall Effect. Thaum peb hla lub teeb los ntawm cov tshuaj, cov khoom me me hauv cov tshuaj colloidal ua rau lub teeb tawg, ua rau muaj qhov cuam tshuam pom tau rau lub qhov muag liab qab.
Cov khoom me me uas muaj cov colloidal loj txaus kom tawg tau lub teeb, thaum cov khoom me me hauv cov tshuaj tiag tiag me dua thiab ua tsis tau li no. Yog li ntawd, lub raj mis kuaj uas muaj cov khoom colloidal B tso tawm lub teeb, thaum lub raj mis kuaj uas muaj cov tshuaj A tsis qhia txog qhov cuam tshuam no.
Piv txwv lus nug 2: Brownian Motion
Lus Nug: Vim li cas cov khoom me me colloidal zoo li txav mus los tsis raws cai thaum pom hauv qab lub tshuab microscope?
Kev Sib Tham:
Qhov kev txav mus los tsis tu ncua ntawm cov khoom me me colloidal hauv qab lub tshuab microscope hu ua Brownian motion. Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib tsoo tas li ntawm cov khoom me me colloidal thiab cov molecules ntawm cov khoom ib puag ncig, uas nyob hauv thermal motion. Qhov kev sib cuam tshuam no ua rau muaj kev txav mus los tsis tu ncua lossis zigzag ntawm cov khoom me me colloidal, uas tuaj yeem pom hauv qab lub tshuab microscope raws li Brownian motion.
Piv txwv lus nug 3: Colloid Coagulation
Lus Nug: Sau ob txoj kev uas siv tau los coagulate ib colloid.
Kev Sib Tham:
Cov colloids tuaj yeem coagulated lossis coagulated hauv ntau txoj kev raws li hauv qab no:
1. Ntxiv cov electrolytes: Ntxiv cov ions los ntawm qee cov electrolytes tuaj yeem ua rau lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom me me colloidal tsis muaj zog, ua rau cov khoom me me sib xyaw thiab sib sau ua ke.
2. Kev Ua Kub: Kev ua kom qhov kub thiab txias nce ntxiv tuaj yeem ua rau lub zog kinetic ntawm cov khoom me me colloidal nce ntxiv, ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo ntau zaus thiab nyuaj dua ntawm cov khoom me me, uas thaum kawg tuaj yeem ua rau coagulation.
Piv txwv lus nug 4: Colloid Adsorption
Lus Nug: Vim li cas cov khoom me me colloidal thiaj siv tau rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntxuav tshuaj?
Kev Sib Tham:
Cov khoom me me Colloidal muaj cov khoom nqus tau zoo, txhais tau tias lawv nyiam thiab khaws cov ions lossis cov molecule ntawm lawv qhov chaw. Hauv cov txheej txheem ntxuav tshuaj lom neeg, cov khoom nqus no ntawm colloids tuaj yeem siv los nqus cov khoom tsis huv lossis cov ions tsis xav tau los ntawm cov tshuaj, yog li cais cov khoom xav tau los ntawm cov khoom tsis huv. Piv txwv li, cov txheej txheem ntxuav dej feem ntau siv colloidal iron (III) hydroxide, uas tuaj yeem nqus ntau yam khoom tsis huv los ntawm dej.
Piv txwv lus nug 5: Colloidal Electric Charge
Lus Nug: Vim li cas cov khoom me me hauv lub cev colloidal feem ntau raug them hluav taws xob?
Kev Sib Tham:
Cov khoom me me Colloidal feem ntau raug them hluav taws xob vim yog qhov adsorption ntawm cov ions los ntawm cov khoom sib cais. Cov khoom me me Colloidal tuaj yeem rub qee cov ions los ntawm cov khoom me me thiab tsim cov hluav taws xob ntawm lawv qhov chaw. Piv txwv li, hauv cov khoom me me aqueous, cov khoom me me colloidal qee zaum adsorb H + lossis OH- ions, uas muab rau lawv cov nqi zoo lossis tsis zoo. Cov nqi hluav taws xob no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ruaj khov ntawm colloidal vim tias cov nqi zoo sib xws ntawm cov khoom me me colloidal ua rau muaj zog repulsive uas tiv thaiv cov khoom me me colloidal los ntawm kev sib sau ua ke thiab clumping.
Piv txwv lus nug 6: Dialysis
Lus Nug: Dialysis ua haujlwm li cas hauv cov txheej txheem ntxuav colloid?
Kev Sib Tham:
Kev ntxuav ntshav yog ib txoj kev siv los cais cov ions lossis cov molecule me me ntawm cov kua colloidal siv lub semipermeable membrane. Lub semipermeable membrane tsuas yog tso cai rau cov molecule me me thiab qee cov ions hla dhau, thaum cov khoom loj xws li cov khoom colloidal tsis tuaj yeem hla dhau. Hauv cov txheej txheem ntxuav ntshav, cov kua colloidal raug muab tso rau hauv lub hnab ntxuav ntshav thiab muab tso rau hauv dej lossis lwm yam kuab tshuaj. Thaum lub sijhawm no, cov ions lossis cov molecule me me kis mus rau hauv lub membrane, thaum cov khoom colloidal tseem nyob hauv lub hnab. Ua li no, cov khoom colloidal tuaj yeem raug ntxuav los ntawm cov ions lossis cov molecule uas muaj kuab lom.
Xaus
Colloids yog ib hom kev sib xyaw uas muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb uas tsis pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiag tiag lossis cov tshuaj uas muaj cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke. Kev nkag siab txog cov yam ntxwv no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam kev siv hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev lag luam. Los ntawm cov piv txwv thiab kev sib tham saum toj no, peb tau tshawb nrhiav ntau yam yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm colloids, xws li Tyndall Effect, Brownian motion, coagulation, adsorption, lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom colloidal, thiab dialysis. Kev nkag siab zoo txog cov yam ntxwv no yuav pab tau zoo heev rau kev siv lub tswv yim ntawm colloids hauv lub neej txhua hnub thiab hauv ntau yam kev tshawb fawb.
