Qee Cov Tshuaj Organic Tseem Ceeb thiab Lawv Cov Txiaj Ntsig
Pendahuluuan
Kev kawm txog tshuaj lom neeg yog ib ceg ntawm kev kawm txog tshuaj lom neeg uas kawm txog cov tshuaj carbon thiab lawv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov tshuaj lom neeg, uas feem ntau muaj cov pa roj carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, thiab sulfur, yog lub hauv paus ntawm txhua yam tsiaj txhu hauv ntiaj teb. Cov tshuaj no tsis yog tsuas yog tseem ceeb rau tsiaj txhu xwb tab sis kuj muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv kev lag luam, tshuaj, thiab lub neej txhua hnub. Tsab xov xwm no yuav tham txog qee cov tshuaj lom neeg tseem ceeb thiab lawv cov kev siv dav dav.
1. Qabzib
Cov Qauv thiab Cov Khoom
Glucose yog ib hom monosaccharide uas muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg C6H12O6. Nws yog lub zog tseem ceeb rau cov tsiaj txhu uas muaj sia nyob. Cov qauv ntawm glucose tuaj yeem piav qhia tias yog ib txoj saw hlau uas muaj rau lub carbon atoms nrog cov hydroxyl pawg txuas rau txhua lub carbon.
Kev Pab
– Lub Zog Txog Lub Cev: Glucose yog lub roj tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Thaum lub sijhawm ua pa ntawm lub cev, glucose raug rhuav tshem ua carbon dioxide thiab dej, tsim ATP (adenosine triphosphate), uas yog lub zog tseem ceeb rau cov hlwb.
– Kev Siv Kho Mob: Hauv daim ntawv ntawm dextrose (D-glucose), cov tshuaj no yog siv rau hauv cov kua dej kom muab zog sai thiab rov ua kom cov neeg mob xav tau kev pab.
– Kev Lag Luam Khoom Noj: Glucose siv rau hauv cov khoom noj ua khoom qab zib thiab ua lub zog yooj yim nqus tau hauv cov khoom noj kis las.
2. Cov Amino Acids
Cov Qauv thiab Cov Khoom
Cov amino acids yog cov organic compounds uas muaj ib pawg amino (-NH2) thiab ib pawg carboxyl (-COOH). Muaj 20 cov amino acids tseem ceeb uas yog cov khoom siv rau cov protein hauv txhua yam tsiaj txhu.
Kev Pab
- Cov Khoom Noj Muaj Protein: Cov amino acids yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm cov protein, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob, kev kho cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov enzymatic.
– Kev Kho Mob: Qee cov amino acids, xws li glutamine, yog siv los txhawb kev kho qhov txhab thiab kho cov nqaij ntawm txoj hnyuv.
– Cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo: Cov tshuaj amino acid ntxiv, xws li tetracycline, yog siv los txhim kho kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov leeg nqaij thiab kev ua kis las.
3. Ethanol (C2H5OH)
Cov Qauv thiab Cov Khoom
Ethanol yog cov cawv uas paub ntau tshaj plaws nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg C2H5OH. Nws yog cov kua tsis muaj xim, yaj tau yooj yim nrog rau ntxhiab tsw tshwj xeeb.
Kev Pab
– Roj: Ethanol yog siv ua lwm txoj roj uas zoo rau ib puag ncig dua li roj av.
- Kev Lag Luam Tshuaj: Siv ua cov kuab tshuaj hauv kev lag luam tshuaj thiab tshuaj lom neeg, nrog rau cov khoom siv raw rau kev tsim cov ethyl esters thiab ethyl amines.
– Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv: Ethanol yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob vim nws muaj peev xwm tua cov kab mob me me.
4. Cov kua qaub acetic (CH3COOH)
Cov Qauv thiab Cov Khoom
Acetic acid yog ib hom carboxylic acid nrog cov mis tshuaj CH3COOH. Nws yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov kua txiv hmab.
Kev Pab
- Kev Lag Luam Khoom Noj: Vinegar, uas feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm acetic acid, yog siv los ua tshuaj preservative thiab flavoring hauv kev ua noj.
- Kev Lag Luam Tshuaj: Acetic acid yog siv ua cov khoom siv raw hauv kev tsim cov acetate esters, uas yog siv ua cov kuab tshuaj hauv cov kua mem, cov tshuaj pleev xim, thiab cov nplaum.
- Cov Tshuaj Ntsuab: Hauv cov tshuaj ntsuab, acetic acid yog siv los ua cov tshuaj ntsuab los kho cov kab mob pob ntseg thiab qee yam mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
5. Tshuaj Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid, C9H8O4)
Cov Qauv thiab Cov Khoom
Aspirin yog ib qho ester uas tau los ntawm salicylic acid thiab acetic anhydride. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv kev kho mob.
Kev Pab
- Tshuaj Tua Kab Mob: Aspirin yog siv los ua tshuaj tua kab mob kom txo qhov mob me me mus rau qhov mob nruab nrab.
- Anti-inflammatory: Kuj tseem ua haujlwm ua anti-inflammatory los txo qhov o thiab o.
- Kev Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Plawv: Feem ntau cov tshuaj Aspirin raug muab tshuaj tsawg tsawg los tiv thaiv kev mob plawv thiab mob hlwb rau cov neeg uas muaj feem yuav mob plawv.
6. Cov Khoom Siv Organic Polymers
Cov Qauv thiab Cov Khoom
Cov polymers organic muaj cov saw ntev ntawm cov molecules uas muaj carbon. Qee cov piv txwv feem ntau suav nrog polyethylene, polypropylene, thiab polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Kev Pab
– Yas: Cov polymer no yog siv los ua ntau yam khoom yas uas siv rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, txij li cov khoom ntim khoom noj mus rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
- Kev Siv Tshuab Membrane: Siv rau hauv kev siv tshuab membrane rau kev ntxuav dej thiab kev sib cais tshuaj.
– Kev Kho Mob: Cov polymers siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv kho mob xws li catheters thiab stents, nrog rau hauv cov txheej txheem tso tshuaj tswj hwm.
7. Tshuaj Steroid
Cov Qauv thiab Cov Khoom
Cov tshuaj steroids yog cov organic compounds uas muaj cov qauv ntawm plaub lub voj voog carbon sib txuas. Cov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj steroids yog cov roj cholesterol, testosterone, thiab estrogen.
Kev Pab
- Cov tshuaj hormones: Cov tshuaj steroids xws li testosterone thiab estrogen yog cov tshuaj hormones tseem ceeb uas tswj hwm ntau yam haujlwm ntawm lub cev suav nrog kev loj hlob ntawm kev sib deev, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, thiab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev o: Cov tshuaj Corticosteroids, xws li prednisone, yog siv los txo qhov o thiab kho cov mob autoimmune.
– Kev Tsim Cov Nqaij: Cov tshuaj steroids anabolic yog siv rau hauv kev kho mob thiab qee zaum tsis raug cai los ua kom cov nqaij loj thiab kev ua kis las zoo dua.
8. Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid, C6H8O6)
Cov Qauv thiab Cov Khoom
Vitamin C yog ib qho vitamin uas yaj hauv dej uas nws lub luag haujlwm cuam tshuam nrog pawg enol hauv cov qauv lactone.
Kev Pab
- Tshuaj antioxidant: Vitamin C ua haujlwm ua antioxidant uas tiv thaiv cov hlwb ntawm kev puas tsuaj oxidative.
- Kev Tsim Collagen: Yuav tsum muaj rau kev tsim cov collagen, tseem ceeb rau daim tawv nqaij noj qab haus huv, pob txha, thiab cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas.
- Txhim kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob: Txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab pab tiv thaiv cov kab mob sib kis.
Xaus
Cov tshuaj organic yog lub hauv paus tshuaj lom neeg ntawm lub neej thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam ntawm biology, kev noj qab haus huv, thiab kev lag luam. Txij li cov glucose uas muab zog rau lub cev mus rau vitamin C uas txhawb nqa lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, cov txiaj ntsig no muab tau zoo heev. Kev nkag siab thiab kev siv cov tshuaj organic no tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau muaj kev nplua nuj xwb tab sis kuj pab txhawb rau tib neeg txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis.
