ʻO ka uila static - nā pilikia a me nā hoʻonā
Ka ikaika uila
1. Kiko A i loko o kahi kahua uila . ʻO ka nui o ke kahua uila ma ke kiko A = 0.5 NC -1 . Inā kau ʻia kahi uku 0.25-C ma ke kiko A, a laila he aha ka ikaika uila i hoʻokau ʻia ma luna o ka uku.
ʻIke ʻia:
Kahua uila ma ke kiko A = 0.5 NC -1
Ka uku uila ma ke kiko A = 0.25 C
Makemake ʻia: Mana uila
Lōlā:
F = q E
F = (0.25 C)(0.5 NC -1 )
F = 0.125N
2. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā uku uila ʻelua he 5 C a me 4 C ma kahi mamao o 3 mika. Inā ʻo ke kūpaʻa Coulomb he 9 × 10 9 Nm 2 C –2 , he aha ka nui o ka ikaika uila i ʻike ʻia e nā uku uila ʻelua?
ʻIke ʻia:
Hoʻouka 1 (q 1 ) = 5 C
Hoʻouka 2 (q 2 ) = 4 C
Ka mamao ma waena o ka hoʻouka kaua 1 a me ka hoʻouka kaua 2 (r) = 3 mika
ʻO ke kūpaʻa o Coulomb (k) = 9 × 10 9 Nm 2 C –2
Makemake ʻia: Ka nui o ka ikaika uila (F)
Lōlā:
3. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka uku uila +q 1 = 10 μC; +q 2 = 20 μC; a me q 3 , e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ma lalo nei. ʻO ka ikaika uila i hoʻokau ʻia ma ka uku q 2 = 0, a laila he aha ka uku o q 3.
ʻIke ʻia:
Hoʻouka 1 (q 1 ) = 10 μC = 10 x 10 -6 C
Hoʻouka 2 (q 2 ) = 20 μC = 20 x 10 -6 C
Makemake ʻia: He aha ke kumukūʻai o q 3
Lōlā:
Aia nā mana ʻelua e hana ana ma +q 2.
ʻO ka ikaika mua ka ikaika kipi ma waena o ka hoʻouku +q 1 a me ka hoʻouku +q 2 ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo F 12 , i ka ʻākau.
Hana ka ikaika uila upena ma q 2 = 0 a laila pono ʻo q 3 e maikaʻi ʻole.
ʻO ka lua o ka ikaika ka ikaika hoʻowalewale ma waena o ka hoʻopiʻi +q 2 a me -q 3 ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo F 23 , ma ka hema.
Hana kēia mau mana ʻelua ma q 2 , like ka nui akā ke kuhikuhi ʻē aʻe.
Hana ka ikaika ʻupena ma +q 2 = 0.
4. ʻEkolu mau uku uila q 1 , q, a me q 2 ma kahi laina. Inā ʻo q = 5.0 μC a ʻo d = 30 cm, a laila he aha ka nui a me ke kuhikuhi o ka ikaika uila e hana ana ma ka uku uila q.
ʻIke ʻia:
Hoʻouka 1 (q 1 ) = 30 μC = 30 x 10 -6 C
Hoʻouka 2 (q 2 ) = 60 μC = 60 x 10 -6 C
Hoʻouka 3 (q) = 5 μC = 5 x 10 -6 C
Ka mamao ma waena o q 1 a me q = d
Ka mamao ma waena o q 2 a me q = 2d
d = 30 kenimika = 0.3 mika
d 2 = (0.3) 2 = 0.09
ʻO ke kūpaʻa o Coulomb (k) = 9 x 10 9 N m 2 C -2
Makemake ʻia: ʻO ka nui a me ke kuhikuhi o ka ikaika uila e hana ana ma luna o ka uku uila
Lōlā:
Aia ʻelua mau mana e hana ana ma luna o q ʻo F 1 i ka ʻākau (ʻo q a me q 1 he maikaʻi no laila ʻo F 1 ka mamao mai q a me q 1 ) a ʻo F 2 i ka hema (ʻo q a me q 2 he maikaʻi no laila ʻo F 2 ka mamao mai q a me q 2 ). Ua helu mua ʻia ʻo F 1 a me F 2.
ʻO ka ikaika ʻupena he 7.5 Newtons. ʻO ke kuhikuhi o ka ikaika ʻupena = ke kuhikuhi o F1, kiko ʻākau e hoʻopiʻi iā q2.
Kūʻai uila
5. Aia kahi kiko uku q ma ke kiko P ma ke kahua uila i hana ʻia e ka uku (+) i ʻike ai i kahi ikaika o 0.05 N ma ke kuhikuhi e pili ana i ka uku. Inā ʻo ka nui o ke kahua uila ma ke kiko P he 2 x 10 -2 NC -1 , a laila he aha ka nui a me ke ʻano o ka uku e hoʻokumu ai i ke kahua uila.
ʻIke ʻia:
Ka ikaika uila (F) = 0.05 N
Kahua uila (E) = 2 x 10 –2 NC –1 = 0.02 NC –1
Makemake ʻia: Ka nui a me ke ʻano o ka uku uila
Lōlā:
Ua helu ʻia ka uku uila me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻano hana e hōʻike ana i ka pilina ma waena o ka ikaika uila (F), ke kahua uila (E) a me ka uku uila (q):
F = q E
q = F / E = 0.05 N / 0.02 NC –1 = 2.5 Coulombs
Loaʻa i ka hoʻopiʻi q kahi ikaika uila ma ke kuhikuhi e hoʻopiʻi ai (+) nāna e hoʻopuka i kahi kahua uila, no laila he maikaʻi ʻole ka hoʻopiʻi q.
6. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā uku uila A a me B e ka mamao o 4 mika. Aia ke kiko C ma waena o nā uku uila ʻelua, 1 mika mai ke kiko A. Inā ʻo Q A = –300 μC, ʻo Q B = 600 μC. 1/4 π ε 0 = 9 × 10 9 N m 2 C– 2, a laila he aha ka nui o ke kahua uila ma ke kiko C i hana ʻia e nā uku uila ʻelua.
ʻIke ʻia:
Ka mamao ma waena o nā uku A a me B (r AB ) = 4 mika
Ka mamao ma waena o ke kiko C a me ka uku A (r AC ) = 1 mika
Ka mamao ma waena o ke kiko C a me ka uku B (r BC ) = 3 mika
Hoʻouka A (q A ) = –300 μC = -300 x 10 -6 C = -3 x 10 -4 Coulomb
Hoʻouka B (q B ) = 600 μC = 600 x 10 -6 C = 6 x 10 -4 Coulombs
Paʻa (k) = 9 × 10 9 N m 2 C –2
Makemake ʻia: Kahua uila ma ke kiko C
Lōlā:
Ke kahua uila i hana ʻia e ka uku A ma ke kiko C:
He maikaʻi ʻole ka hoʻouku A i ʻole e kuhikuhi ke kuhikuhi o ke kahua uila i ka hoʻouku A a mai ka hoʻouku B (i ka hema).
ʻO ke kahua uila i hana ʻia e ka uku B ma ke kiko C:
He maikaʻi ka hoʻouku uila B i ʻole e mamao aku ke kuhikuhi o ke kahua uila mai ka hoʻouku uila B a kuhikuhi i ka hoʻouku uila A (i ka hema).
ʻO ka hopena o ke kahua uila ma ke kiko A:
E = EA + EB
E = (27 x 105 ) + (6 x 105 )
E = 33 x 105 N /C
Ke kuhikuhi nei ke kuhikuhi o ke kahua uila i ka uku uila A a mai ka uku uila B (i ka hema).
7. Lana ka lepo 1-mg i ka lewa. Inā he 0.5 μC ka nui o ka hoʻouku ʻana o ka lepo a he 10 m/s2 ka wikiwiki ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi, e hoʻoholo i ka nui o ke kahua uila e kākoʻo ana i ka lepo.
ʻIke ʻia:
Ka nui o ka lepo (m) = 1 mg = 1 x 10 -6 kg
Ka uku o ka lepo (q) = 0.5 μC = 0.5 x 10 -6 C
Ka wikiwiki ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi (g) = 10 m/s 2
Makemake ʻia: Kahua uila
Lōlā:
w = mg
w = ke kaumaha o ka lepo, m = ka nui o ka lepo, g = ka wikiwiki ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi
Hana ka ikaika o ke koʻikoʻi ma luna o ka lepo:
w = mg = (1 x 10 -6 kg)(10 m/s 2 ) = 10 x 10 -6 kg m/s 2 = 10 x 10 -6 Newtons
ʻO ke kaulike o ke kahua uila:
E = F/q
E = kahua uila, F = ikaika uila, q = uku uila
E hoʻololi iā F ma ke kaulike o ke kahua uila me w ma ke kaulike o ke kaumaha:
E = F/q = w/q
E = (10 x 10 -6 N) / (0.5 x 10 -6 C)
E = 10 N / 0,5 C
E = 20 N/C
8. ʻElua mau uku q 1 = 32 μC a me q 2 = -214 μC i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kahi mamao o x, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ma lalo nei. ʻAʻohe kahua uila ma ke kiko P aia ma 10 cm mai q 2. E huli iā x.
ʻIke ʻia:
Hoʻouka 1 (Q 1 ) = 32 μC
Hoʻouka 2 (Q 2 ) = -214 μC
Ka mamao o ke kiko P mai q 1 = x + 10 kenimika
ʻO ka mamao o ke kiko P mai q 2 = 10 kenimika
Makemake ʻia: x
Lōlā:
ʻO E 1 = ke kahua uila i hana ʻia e ka hoʻouku ʻana Q 1. ʻO ke kuhikuhi o ke kahua uila ua mamao aku ia mai Q 1 no ka mea he maikaʻi ʻo Q 1. ʻO E 2 = ke kahua uila i hana ʻia e Q 2. Kuhikuhi ke kuhikuhi o ke kahua uila iā Q 2 no ka mea he maikaʻi ʻole ʻo Q 2 .
ʻAʻohe ikaika ʻupena ma ke kiko p aia ma 10 cm mai Q 2
E hoʻohana i ke ʻano quadratic:
9. Aia kahi kiko i hoʻopiʻi ʻia q ma ke kiko P ma ke kahua uila i hana ʻia e ka hoʻopiʻi (+), no laila he 0.05 N ka ikaika. Inā ʻo ka hoʻopiʻi he +5 × l0 –6 Coulomb, a laila he aha ka nui o ke kahua uila ma ke kiko C.
ʻIke ʻia:
Ka ikaika uila (F) = 0.05 Newtons
Uila uila (Q) = +5 × l0 –6 Coulomb = 0.000005
Makemake ʻia: Kahua uila ma ke kiko P
Lōlā:
E = F / Q
E = 0.05 Newton / 0.000005 Coulomb
E = 5 Newton / 0.0005 Coulomb
E = 10,000 Newton/Coulomb
E = 10 4 N/C
E = 10 4 NC -1
- He aha ka uila paʻa? paneʻO ka uila paʻa e pili ana i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka uku uila ma luna o ka ʻili o nā mea. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo "static" no ka mea e noho mau ana nā uku ma kahi hoʻokahi ma mua o ka neʻe ʻana a i ʻole ke kahe ʻana e like me ka uila o kēia manawa.
- Pehea e hana ʻia ai ka uila static? paneHoʻoulu pinepine ʻia ka uila static ma o ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻouka ʻana o ka triboelectric, kahi e hoʻopiʻi ʻia ai kekahi mau mea ke komo lākou i ka pilina frictional me kahi mea ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka hamo ʻana i kahi pōpō i ka lauoho a i ʻole ka hele ʻana ma luna o kahi kāpeti i loko o nā kāmaʻa ʻūlū hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā uku static.
- No ke aha ʻoe e pūʻiwa ai i kekahi manawa ke hoʻopā ʻoe i ka ʻūpā puka ma hope o ka hele ʻana ma luna o kahi kāpeti? paneʻO ka hele wāwae ʻana ma luna o kahi kāpeti, ʻoiai i nā kūlana maloʻo, hiki ke hana i kahi hōʻiliʻili o nā uku static ma kou kino. Ke hoʻopā ʻoe i kahi ʻūpā puka a i ʻole kekahi alakaʻi ʻē aʻe, hiki i nā uku ke hoʻokuʻu koke ʻia, e hopena ana i kahi haʻalulu static.
- Pehea ka hopena o ka haʻahaʻa i ka uila static? paneʻO ka haʻahaʻa e hōʻemi i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka uila static. Hiki i nā mole wai i ka lewa ke kōkua i ka hoʻokahe ʻana i nā uku uila. I nā lā maloʻo, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hōʻiliʻili static a me nā haʻalulu.
- No ke aha i ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o kekahi mau mea i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi uku static ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe? paneʻOkoʻa nā mea i ko lākou hiki ke paʻa a hoʻoili paha i nā electrons. ʻO kekahi mau mea, e like me ka laholio a i ʻole kekahi mau plastics, e loaʻa a nalowale paha nā electrons ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, e ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka uku static.
- He aha ke kumumanaʻo ma hope o kahi electroscope? paneʻO ka electroscope kahi mea hana i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻike i ke alo o kahi uku static. ʻO ka maʻamau, he koʻokoʻo metala i hoʻopili ʻia i ʻelua lau lahilahi o ka pepa metala. Ke lawe ʻia mai kahi mea i hoʻopiʻi ʻia a kokoke i ke koʻokoʻo, neʻe nā lau ma muli o ka hoʻokuke ʻana o nā uku like, e hōʻike ana i ke alo o ka uila static.
- Pehea e hoʻopau ai ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā uku static? paneʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka honua e hāʻawi i ke ala no ka neʻe ʻana o ka uku keu i ka Honua, he waihona nui ia o nā uku. Ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia kahi mea i hoʻopiʻi ʻia me ka static, hoʻopau ʻia nā uku keu, e hōʻemi ana a hoʻopau paha i ka hōʻiliʻili static.
- No ke aha ʻoe e ʻike ai i nā huna ahi i loko o kahi silo palaoa a i ʻole i ka wā e hoʻopiha ana i ka wahie o kahi mokulele, a no ke aha he mea weliweli kēia? paneʻO ka neʻe ʻana o ka palaoa a i ʻole ka hamo ʻana i nā ʻili hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka uila static, a pēlā nō hoʻi no ke kahe ʻana o ka wahie. Inā he hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka hoʻouka static, hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia e like me ka huna ahi. I nā wahi me nā kinoea lapalapa, ka lepo, a i ʻole nā wai (e like me loko o kahi silo palaoa a i ʻole i ka wā e hoʻopiha hou ai i ka mokulele), hiki i kēia mau huna ahi ke hoʻā i ka mea lapalapa, e alakaʻi ana i nā pahū.
- Pehea e hana ai nā mea hoʻoheheʻe antistatic a i ʻole nā huahana? paneʻO ka maʻamau, loaʻa i nā ʻōmole a me nā huahana antistatic nā mea e hoʻolilo i nā ʻili i mea alakaʻi iki. Ma ka hana ʻana pēlā, pale lākou i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā uku static a kōkua paha i ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā uku e hōʻiliʻili ana.
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He aha ka moʻo triboelectric? Pane : ʻO ka moʻo triboelectric kahi papa inoa e hoʻonohonoho ana i nā mea ma muli o ko lākou ʻano e lilo i mea hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole paha ke hamo ʻia i kahi mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā mea ma luna o ka papa inoa e lilo i mea hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi, ʻoiai ʻo nā mea ma lalo e lilo i mea hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole.
