Radioactivity - nā pilikia a me nā hoʻonā
1. Ma muli o ke kiʻi ma lalo nei, ʻo ka hana radioactive ma hope o ka palaho no 13.86 mau hola he …
ʻIke ʻia:
Ka hapalua o ke ola (T 1/2 ) = 6.93 hola
Ka manawa holo (t) = 13.86 hola
Makemake ʻia: hana radioactive
Lōlā:
A = hana radioactive , λ = ke kūpaʻa palaho, N t = Ka helu o nā ʻātoma radioactive ma hope o ka palaho ʻana i loko o kekahi manawa , T 1/2 = hapalua-ola
ʻO ke kūpaʻa palaho:
ʻO ka helu o nā ʻātoma radioactive ma hope o ka palaho ʻana i loko o kekahi manawa:
Hana radioactive:
2. Ma muli o ke kiʻi ma lalo nei, ma hope o ka palaho ʻana o ka mea radioactive no 15 mau minuke, a laila ʻo ke koena o ka mea radioactive he …
Lōlā:
N o = Ka nui mua o nā ʻātoma radioactive
N t = Ka nui hope loa o nā ʻātoma radioactive ma hope o ka palaho ʻana i loko o kekahi manawa (t)
t = ka manawa holo
T 1/2 = hapalua-ola
E helu i ka hapalua ola:
ʻIke ʻia:
ʻAʻole = 8 grams
N t = 2 grams
t = 6 mau minuke
Makemake ʻia: hapalua ola (T 1/2)
Lōlā:
E helu i ke koena o ka mea radioactive:
ʻIke ʻia:
ʻO ka nui mua o nā ʻātoma radioactive ( ʻAʻole ) = 8 grams
Ka manawa holo (t) = 15 mau minuke
Ka hapalua ola (T 1/2) = 3 mau minuke
Makemake ʻia: ke koena o ka mea radioactive (N t )
Lōlā:
1. Nīnau: He aha ka radioactivity?
Pane: ʻO ka radioactivity ka hoʻokuʻu koke ʻana o nā ʻāpana a i ʻole ka ikehu mai ka nucleus o kahi ʻātoma paʻa ʻole.
2. Nīnau: E inoa i ʻekolu mau ʻano maʻamau o ka palaho radioactive.
Pane: ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau ʻekolu ʻo ia ka palaho alpha (α), palaho beta (β), a me ka radiation gamma (γ).
3. Nīnau: He aha ka mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka wā o ka palaho alpha?
Pane: I ka wā o ka palaho alpha, hoʻokuʻu ʻia kahi ʻāpana alpha, nona ka 2 protons a me 2 neutrons (ʻo ia hoʻi kahi nucleus helium-4).
4. Nīnau: Pehea e loli ai ka helu atomika o kahi mea i ka wā o ka palaho beta-minus (β⁻)?
Pane: I ka wā o ka beta-minus decay, loli kahi neutron i proton, e hoʻopuka ana i kahi electron i ke kaʻina hana. Hoʻonui kēia i ka helu atomika ma hoʻokahi.
5. Nīnau: He aha ka radiation gamma?
Pane: ʻO ka radiation gamma kahi photon ikehu kiʻekiʻe i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai kahi ʻātoma radioactive. He radiation electromagnetic ia, e like me nā kukuna X akā ʻoi aku ka ikaika.
6. Nīnau: No ke aha i hoʻopuka pinepine ʻia ai ka radiation gamma ma hope o nā ʻano palaho ʻē aʻe?
Pane: Hoʻopuka pinepine ʻia ka radiation gamma ma hope o nā ʻano palaho ʻē aʻe e hoʻokuʻu i ka ikehu keu mai ka nucleus i hoʻonāukiuki ʻia, e hoʻihoʻi ana i kahi kūlana ikehu haʻahaʻa.
7. Nīnau: He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka hapalua ola a me ka palaho mau?
Pane: ʻO ka hapalua ola ka manawa i lawe ʻia no ka hapalua o nā ʻātoma radioactive i loko o kahi hāpana e pala ai, ʻoiai ke kūpaʻa palaho e hōʻike ana i ka hiki ke pala i kēlā me kēia manawa e pala ai kahi ʻātoma hoʻokahi.
8. Nīnau: Pehea e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā radioisotopes i ka lāʻau lapaʻau?
Pane: Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā Radioisotopes i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no nā kumu diagnostic a me nā therapeutic. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana ʻia ka technetium-99m i ke kiʻi ʻana, ʻoiai hoʻohana ʻia ka iodine-131 i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi thyroid.
9. Nīnau: He aha ke kumumanaʻo ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana o ke kalapona-14?
Pane: Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana o ke kalapona-14 ma ke ana ʻana i ka lakio o ke kalapona-14 (kahi isotope radioactive) i ke kalapona-12 i loko o nā mea olaola. ʻOiai e pala ana ke kalapona-14 i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, hiki i ka lakio ke hōʻike i ka makahiki o ka hāpana.
10. Nīnau: He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka fission a me ka fusion ma ke ʻano o nā hopena nukelea?
Pane: ʻO ka fission ka māhele ʻana o kahi nucleus kaumaha i ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha mau mea liʻiliʻi, e hoʻokuʻu ana i ka ikehu. ʻO ka Fusion, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, pili i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ʻelua mau nuclei māmā e hana i kahi mea kaumaha, e hoʻokuʻu pū ana i ka ikehu.
11. Nīnau: Pehea e hana ai kahi helu helu Geiger?
Pane: ʻIke kahi counter Geiger i ka radiation ma ke ana ʻana i ka ionization i hana ʻia i loko o kahi paipu Geiger-Müller. Ke hele ka radiation ma o ka paipu, hoʻoheheʻe ia i ke kinoea i loko, e hana ana i kahi hoʻokuʻu uila hiki ke ana ʻia.
12. Nīnau: He aha ka hana o nā koʻokoʻo hoʻomalu i loko o nā mea hana nukelea?
Pane: Hoʻopili nā koʻokoʻo hoʻomalu i nā neutrons, e hoʻoponopono ana i ka wikiwiki o ka hopena fission nuklea i loko o kahi reactor. Ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kūlana o kēia mau koʻokoʻo, hiki ke hoʻolalelale ʻia ka hopena, hoʻolohi ʻia, a hoʻōki loa paha.
13. Nīnau: No ke aha i hoʻohana ʻia ai ke kēpau ma ke ʻano he mea pale i ka radiation?
Pane: He paʻa ka kēpau a hiki ke omo pono a hoʻōki i nā ʻano hoʻokuʻu radioactive like ʻole, ʻoiai nā kukuna gamma, e pale ana i nā kānaka a me nā lako mai ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka radiation.
14. Nīnau: Pehea e pili ai ke kumumanaʻo o ka ikehu hoʻopaʻa i ka radioactivity?
Pane: ʻO ka ikehu hoʻopaʻa ka ikehu e pono ai e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi nucleus i loko o kona mau protons a me nā neutrons. I kekahi mau hihia, inā hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā ʻāpana i ka ikehu hoʻopaʻa holoʻokoʻa, e hana ka nucleus pēlā, e alakaʻi ana i ka palaho radioactive.
15. Nīnau: He aha ke anakahi maʻamau e ana i ka radioactivity?
Pane: He anakahi maʻamau ka Becquerel (Bq), e hōʻike ana i hoʻokahi hanana palaho i kēlā me kēia kekona.
16. Nīnau: Pehea ka pili ʻana o ka radon i ka radioactivity?
Pane: He kinoea radioactive kūlohelohe ʻo Radon, i hana ʻia ma ke ʻano he huahana palaho o ka uranium. Hiki iā ia ke hōʻiliʻili i loko o nā hale a hoʻopilikia i ke olakino ma muli o kona radioactivity.
17. Nīnau: No ke aha he mea nui ka plutonium-239 i ka mana nukelea?
Pane: Hiki i ka Plutonium-239 ke hana i ka fission a hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he wahie i kekahi mau ʻano reactors nukelea a me ka hana ʻana i nā mea kaua nukelea.
18. Nīnau: He aha ka hoʻāla ʻana o ka neutron?
Pane: ʻO ka hoʻoulu ʻana o Neutron ke kaʻina hana e lilo ai nā isotopes paʻa i radioactive ma hope o ka hopu ʻana i nā neutrons. Hoʻopōʻino pinepine ka isotope hou ma ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka radiation beta a i ʻole gamma.
19. Nīnau: Pehea e hana ai nā mea huli i ke aʻo ʻana i nā kaʻina hana olaola?
Pane: ʻO nā mea hoʻopaʻa radioactive he mau isotopes e hoʻopuka i ka radiation a hiki ke hahai ʻia i ko lākou neʻe ʻana ma o nā ʻōnaehana olaola. Ma ka nānā ʻana i kā lākou neʻe ʻana, hiki i nā mea noiʻi ke aʻo i nā kaʻina hana e like me nā ala metabolic a i ʻole ke kahe koko.
20. Nīnau: No ke aha i ʻoi aku ai ka radioactive o kekahi mau mea ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe?
Pane: ʻO ke kūpaʻa o kahi nucleus atomika e pili ana i ke kaulike o nā protons a me nā neutrons. ʻO nā mea me nā nuclei mamao loa mai ke kaulike paʻa o kēia mau ʻāpana e lilo i mea radioactive, i ko lākou palaho ʻana e hiki ai i kahi kūlana paʻa.
