Nā kuʻi ʻana hapa elastic

Nā kuʻi ʻana hapa elastic

I nā kuʻi ʻana hapa elastic, pili ke kānāwai o ka mālama ʻana i ka momentum, ʻoiai ʻaʻole pili ke kānāwai mālama ʻana i ka ikehu kinetic. I ka manawa e hana ʻia ai kahi kuʻi ʻana, hoʻololi ʻia kekahi ikehu kinetic i ka ikehu kani, ka ikehu wela, a me ka ikehu kūloko. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka huaʻōlelo elastic e hōʻike ana ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana, ʻaʻole e pili pū nā mea ʻelua akā e lele aku.

ʻO kahi laʻana o ke kuʻi elastic hapa ʻo ia ke kuʻi hoʻokahi-dimensional o ʻelua mau kinikini a i ʻole ʻelua mau pōpō wai.

Laʻana nīnau 1.

ʻO nā mea A a me B me nā kaumaha o 1 kg a me 2 kg, e neʻe ana i nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe ma ka wikiwiki o 4 m/s a me 2 m/s, a e kuʻi ana i loko o kahi kuʻi elastic hapa. Inā ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana e neʻe ana ka mea A ma ka wikiwiki o 2 m/s, he aha ka wikiwiki o ka mea B?

ʻIke ʻia:

m_A = 1 kg, m_B = 2 kg, v_A = 4 m/s (manaʻo ʻia ma ka ʻākau), v_B = -2 m/s (manaʻo ʻia ma ka hema), v_A ' = – 2 m/s

Makemake ʻia : v_B '

Lōlā:

m_A v_A +m_B v_B = m_A v_A ' + m_B v_B '

(1 kg)(4 m/s) + (2 kg)(-2 m/s) = (1 kg)(-2 m/s) + (2 kg)(v_B')

4 kg m/s – 4 kg m/s = -2 kg m/s + (2 kg) v_B'

0 = – 2 kg m/s + (2 kg)(v_B')

-2 kg m/s = – 2 kg v_B '

v_B' = 1 m/s

Ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana, neʻe ka mea B ma ka wikiwiki o 1 m/s (manaʻo ʻia ma ka ʻākau) a neʻe ka mea A ma ka wikiwiki o 2 m/s (manaʻo ʻia ma ka hema)

Laʻana nīnau 2.

Hoʻokokoke nā mea A a me B me ke kaumaha o 4-kg a me 5-kg kekahi i kekahi ma ke kuhikuhi ʻē aʻe, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ma lalo nei. Ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana, ua hoʻohuli nā mea ʻelua i ke kuhikuhi me ka wikiwiki o A = 4 ms.^-1 a me ka wikiwiki o B = 2 ms^-1He aha ka wikiwiki o ka mea B ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana?

ʻIke ʻia:

Ka nuipa o ka mea A (m_A) = 4 kg

Ka nuipa o ka mea B (m_B) = 5 kg

Ka wikiwiki o ka mea A ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana (v_A) = 6 m/s

Ka wikiwiki o ka mea A ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana (v_A') = 4 m/s

Ka wikiwiki o ka mea B ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana (v_B') = -2 m/s

Hōʻike nā hōʻailona hoʻohui a me ka hoʻēmi e neʻe ana nā mea ʻelua i nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe.

Makemake ʻia: Ka wikiwiki o ka mea B ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana (v_B)

Lōlā:

m_A v_A +m_B v_B = m_A v_A' + m_B v_B'

(4)(6) + (5)(-2) = (4)(4) + (5)(v_B')

24 – 10 = 16 + 5(v_B')

14 – 16 = 5 (v_B')

-2 = 5 (v_B')

v_B' = -2/5

v_B' = -0.4

Hōʻike ka hōʻailona minus ua ʻokoʻa ke kuhikuhi o ka mea ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana mai ke kuhikuhi ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana.

Laʻana nīnau 3.

Hoʻokokoke aku nā mea ʻelua me ke kaumaha like kekahi i kekahi e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ma lalo nei.

Inā v₂ʻo ' ka wikiwiki o ka mea (2) ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana i ka ʻākau me ka wikiwiki o 5 ms^-1, he aha ka wikiwiki o ka mea hoʻokahi v₁ ' (1) ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana?

ʻIke ʻia:

Ka nuipa o kēlā me kēia mea = m

Ka wikiwiki o ka mea 1 ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana (v₁) = 8 m/s

Ka wikiwiki o ka mea 2 ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana (v₂) = 10 m/s

Ka wikiwiki o ka mea 2 ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana (v₂') = 5 m/s

Makemake ʻia: Ka wikiwiki o ka mea 1 ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana (v₁')

Lōlā:

m₁ v₁+m₂ v₂ = m₁ v₁' + m₂ v₂'

m (ʻiwi)₁ + i loko₂) = m (v₁' + v₂')

v₁ + i loko₂ = v₁' + v₂'

8 + 10 = v₁' + 5

18 = v₁' + 5

v₁' = 18-5

v₁' = 13 m/s

20 mau nīnau manaʻo a me nā pane e pili ana i nā kuʻi elastic hapa:

1. Nīnau: He aha ke kuʻi ʻana o ka elastic hapa? pane mai: ʻO kahi kuʻi elastic hapa kahi i mālama ʻia ai kekahi ikehu kinetic, akā ʻaʻole nā ​​​​mea āpau. Hoʻihoʻi nā mea kekahi i kekahi akā ʻaʻole me ko lākou ikehu kinetic mua piha.

2. Nīnau: Pehea ka ʻokoʻa o kahi kuʻi elastic hapa mai kahi kuʻi elastic pono? pane mai: I loko o kahi kuʻi elastic kūpono, ua mālama ʻia ka ikehu kinetic holoʻokoʻa, ʻoiai i loko o kahi kuʻi elastic hapa, ua mālama ʻia kahi hapa wale nō o ka ikehu kinetic.

3. Nīnau: He aha ke koena i mālama ʻia i loko o kahi kuʻi elastic hapa? pane mai: Mālama ʻia ka momentum i nā ʻano kuʻi āpau, me nā mea elastic hapa.

4. Nīnau: Pehea ke koina o ka uku hoʻihoʻi, $e$, i hoʻohana ʻia e wehewehe i ka elasticity o kahi collision? pane mai: No nā kuʻi ʻana hapa elastic, $0<e<1$ʻO ka mea kokoke aku $e$ ʻo ia i 1, ʻo ka ʻoi aku ka elastic o ke kuʻi ʻana.

5. Nīnau: Hiki i ke koina o ka hoʻihoʻi ke ʻoi aku ma mua o 1? pane mai: ʻAʻole. ʻO ka coefficient o ka hoʻololi ʻana ma mua o 1 e hōʻike ana i ka ikehu kinetic ʻoi aku ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana ma mua o ka wā ma mua, kahi e hōʻole ai i ka mālama ikehu.

6. Nīnau: No ke aha i mālama ʻole ʻia ai ka ikehu kinetic āpau i nā kuʻi elastic hapa? pane mai: Hoʻololi ʻia kekahi ikehu kinetic i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, e like me ke kani, ka wela, a i ʻole ke ʻano hoʻololi o nā mea.

7. Nīnau: Pehea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻoholo i ka nui o ka ikehu kinetic i mālama ʻia i loko o kahi collision elastic hapa? pane mai: Ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka ikehu kinetic holoʻokoʻa ma mua a ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana.

8. Nīnau: Hoʻopuka mau anei nā kuʻi elastic hapa i ke kani? pane mai: ʻAʻole i nā manawa a pau, akā hiki ke hana ʻia ke kani ma muli o nā haʻalulu i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke kuʻi ʻana.

9. Nīnau: He aha ka mea e hana ʻia ana i ka ikehu kinetic i mālama ʻole ʻia i loko o kahi kuʻi elastic hapa? pane mai: Hoʻololi pinepine ʻia ia i nā ʻano ikehu ʻē aʻe e like me ka wela, ke kani, a i ʻole ka ikehu hiki ke loaʻa ma muli o ka deformation.

10. Nīnau: Pehea ka hopena o ka hoʻohuihui ʻana o nā mea i ka elasticity o kahi collision? pane mai: ʻO kekahi mau mea, e like me ka laholio, e ʻoi aku ka elastic o nā kuʻi ʻana, aʻo kekahi, e like me ka lepo, he inelastic. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā kuʻi ʻana o ke ao maoli he elastic hapa ma muli o nā ʻano o nā mea a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe.

11. Nīnau: Hiki i nā pōpō kila ʻelua ke hōʻike i kahi kuʻi elastic hapa? pane mai: ʻAe. ʻOiai ke ʻano o nā pōpō kila he kuʻi elastic kokoke loa, aia kekahi pohō ikehu iki, e hoʻolilo ana ia i elastic hapa.

12. Nīnau: Ua manaʻo ʻia anei he elastic hapa ke kuʻi ʻana o ka Honua me kahi meteorite? pane mai: ʻAe, ma ke ʻano laulā. ʻAʻole mālama ka hopena i ka ikehu kinetic āpau no ka mea ua hoʻololi ʻia kekahi i ka wela, ke kani, a me ka hana ʻana o kahi lua pele.

13. Nīnau: Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa kahi collision elastic hapa i loko o kahi vacuum? pane mai: ʻAe. ʻOiai me ke kūʻē ʻole o ka ea, hiki i nā ʻano kūloko o nā kino e kuʻi ana ke alakaʻi i ka nalowale o ka ikehu.

14. Nīnau: Pehea e pili ai nā mana o waho, e like me ka friction, i ka elasticity o kahi collision? pane mai: Hiki i nā mana o waho ke hoʻopau i ka ikehu kinetic hou aʻe, e hoʻonui ai i ka inelastic o ke kuʻi ʻana.

15. Nīnau: Aia kekahi mau noi kūpono kahi e koʻikoʻi ai ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā collisions elastic hapa? pane mai: ʻAe, ma nā haʻuki, ʻenekinia, a me ka nānā ʻana i nā ulia kaʻa, he mea nui ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ulia elastic hapa.

16. Nīnau: No ke aha e aʻo ai nā mea hana kaʻa i nā collisions elastic hapa? pane mai: No ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā kaʻa e hiki ke omo i ka ikehu hopena me ka maikaʻi, e pale ana i ka poʻe noho i ka wā o nā ulia pōpilikia.

17. Nīnau: Hiki ke manaʻo ʻia he elastic hapa nā pilina ʻāpana ma ka pae quantum? pane mai: ʻAe. ʻOiai ke hoʻolauna nei ka mechanics quantum i nā hanana hou, hiki nō i nā ʻāpana ke hana i nā pilina kahi i mālama ʻole ʻia ai nā ikehu kinetic āpau.

18. Nīnau: Pehea e pili ai nā pilina molekala i nā kuʻi elastic hapa? pane mai: Hiki i nā molecule ke hana i nā kuʻi elastic hapa ke kuʻi lākou kekahi i kekahi, e hoʻoili ana i kekahi ikehu i nā haʻalulu a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​wili ʻana o nā molecule.

19. Nīnau: Ke hōʻike nei anei ka lele ʻana o ka kinipōpō hīnaʻi ma luna o ke kahua i kahi kuʻi elastic hapa? pane mai: ʻAe. Ua nalowale kekahi ikehu ma ke ʻano he kani a i ka hoʻololi iki ʻana o ka pōpō, e hana ana i ke kuʻi ʻana i ʻāpana elastic.

20. Nīnau: Pehea ka hopena o ka mahana i ka elasticity o nā kuʻi ʻana i loko o nā kinoea? pane mai: I ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana, neʻe wikiwiki nā molekala kinoea a hiki ke kuʻi me ka ikaika. Eia nō naʻe, pili ka elasticity o kēia mau kuʻi ʻana i nā waiwai molekala a ʻaʻole pili pono i ka mahana.

ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā collisions elastic hapa e hāʻawi i ka ʻike i nā ʻano hanana like ʻole i nā ʻike o kēlā me kēia lā a me ka mea loea i ka physics a me ka ʻenekinia.