Nā kuʻi ʻana hapa elastic
I nā kuʻi ʻana hapa elastic, pili ke kānāwai o ka mālama ʻana i ka momentum, ʻoiai ʻaʻole pili ke kānāwai mālama ʻana i ka ikehu kinetic. I ka manawa e hana ʻia ai kahi kuʻi ʻana, hoʻololi ʻia kekahi ikehu kinetic i ka ikehu kani, ka ikehu wela, a me ka ikehu kūloko. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka huaʻōlelo elastic e hōʻike ana ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana, ʻaʻole e pili pū nā mea ʻelua akā e lele aku.
ʻO kahi laʻana o ke kuʻi elastic hapa ʻo ia ke kuʻi hoʻokahi-dimensional o ʻelua mau kinikini a i ʻole ʻelua mau pōpō wai.
Laʻana nīnau 1.
ʻO nā mea A a me B me nā kaumaha o 1 kg a me 2 kg, e neʻe ana i nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe ma ka wikiwiki o 4 m/s a me 2 m/s, a e kuʻi ana i loko o kahi kuʻi elastic hapa. Inā ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana e neʻe ana ka mea A ma ka wikiwiki o 2 m/s, he aha ka wikiwiki o ka mea B?
ʻIke ʻia:
m A = 1 kg, m B = 2 kg, v A = 4 m/s (manaʻo ʻia ma ka ʻākau), v B = -2 m/s (manaʻo ʻia ma ka hema), v A ' = – 2 m/s
Makemake ʻia: v B '
Lōlā:
m A v A + m B v B = m A v A ' + m B v B '
(1 kg)(4 m/s) + (2 kg)(-2 m/s) = (1 kg)(-2 m/s) + (2 kg)(v B ')
4 kg m/s – 4 kg m/s = -2 kg m/s + (2 kg) v B '
0 = – 2 kg m/s + (2 kg)(v B ')
-2 kg m/s = – 2 kg v B '
v B ' = 1 m/s
Ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana, neʻe ka mea B ma ka wikiwiki o 1 m/s (manaʻo ʻia ma ka ʻākau) a neʻe ka mea A ma ka wikiwiki o 2 m/s (manaʻo ʻia ma ka hema)
Laʻana nīnau 2.
ʻO nā mea A a me B me ke kaumaha o 4-kg a me 5-kg e hoʻokokoke ana kekahi i kekahi ma ke kuhikuhi ʻē aʻe, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ma lalo nei. Ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana, ua hoʻohuli nā mea ʻelua i ke kuhikuhi me ka wikiwiki o A = 4 ms -1 a me ka wikiwiki o B = 2 ms - 1. He aha ka wikiwiki o ka mea B ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana?
ʻIke ʻia:
Ka nuipa o ka mea A (mA) = 4 kg
Ka nuipa o ka mea B (m B ) = 5 kg
Ka wikiwiki o ka mea A ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana (v A ) = 6 m/s
Ka wikiwiki o ka mea A ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana (v A ') = 4 m/s
Ka wikiwiki o ka mea B ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana (v B ') = -2 m/s
Hōʻike nā hōʻailona hoʻohui a me ka hoʻēmi e neʻe ana nā mea ʻelua i nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe.
Makemake ʻia: Ka wikiwiki o ka mea B ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana (v B )
Lōlā:
m A v A + m B v B = m A v A ' + m B v B '
(4)(6) + (5)(-2) = (4)(4) + (5)(v B ')
24 – 10 = 16 + 5(v B ')
14 – 16 = 5 (v B ')
-2 = 5 (v B ')
v B ' = -2/5
v B ' = -0.4
Hōʻike ka hōʻailona minus ua ʻokoʻa ke kuhikuhi o ka mea ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana mai ke kuhikuhi ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana.
Laʻana nīnau 3.
Hoʻokokoke aku nā mea ʻelua me ke kaumaha like kekahi i kekahi e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ma lalo nei.
Inā ʻo v 2 ' ka wikiwiki o ka mea (2) ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana i ka ʻākau me ka wikiwiki o 5 ms –1 , he aha ka wikiwiki o ka mea hoʻokahi v 1 ' (1) ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana?
ʻIke ʻia:
Ka nuipa o kēlā me kēia mea = m
Ka wikiwiki o ka mea 1 ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana (v 1 ) = 8 m/s
Ka wikiwiki o ka mea 2 ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana (v 2 ) = 10 m/s
Ka wikiwiki o ka mea 2 ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana (v 2 ') = 5 m/s
Makemake ʻia: Ka wikiwiki o ka mea 1 ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana (v 1 ')
Lōlā:
m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 = m 1 v 1 ' + m 2 v 2 '
m (v 1 + v 2 ) = m (v 1 ' + v 2 ')
v 1 + v 2 = v 1 ' + v 2 '
8 + 10 = v 1 ' + 5
18 = v 1 ' + 5
v 1 ' = 18-5
v 1 ' = 13 m/s
20 mau nīnau manaʻo a me nā pane e pili ana i nā kuʻi elastic hapa:
1. Nīnau: He aha ka hoʻokuʻi ʻana o ka elastic hapa? Pane: ʻO ka hoʻokuʻi ʻana o ka elastic hapa kahi i mālama ʻia ai kekahi ikehu kinetic, akā ʻaʻole nā mea āpau. Kūleʻa nā mea kekahi i kekahi akā ʻaʻole me ko lākou ikehu kinetic mua piha.
2. Nīnau: Pehea ka ʻokoʻa o kahi kuʻi elastic hapa mai kahi kuʻi elastic pono? Pane: I loko o kahi kuʻi elastic pono, ua mālama ʻia ka ikehu kinetic holoʻokoʻa, ʻoiai i loko o kahi kuʻi elastic hapa, ua mālama wale ʻia kahi hapa o ka ikehu kinetic.
3. Nīnau: He aha ka mea i koe i mālama ʻia i loko o kahi kuʻi elastic hapa? Pane: Noho mau ka momentum i mālama ʻia i nā ʻano kuʻi āpau, me nā mea elastic hapa.
4. Nīnau: Pehea e hoʻohana ʻia ai ke koina o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana, , e wehewehe i ka elasticity o kahi collision? Pane: No nā collision elastic hapa, 0<�<1 ʻO ka kokoke i 1, ʻoi aku ka elastic o ka collision.
5. Nīnau: Hiki i ke koina o ka hoʻihoʻi ke ʻoi aku ma mua o 1? Pane: ʻAʻole. ʻO kahi koina o ka hoʻololi ʻoi aku ma mua o 1 e hōʻike ana i ka ikehu kinetic ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana ma mua o ka wā ma mua, kahi e hōʻole ai i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu.
6. Nīnau: No ke aha i mālama ʻole ʻia ai ka ikehu kinetic āpau i nā kuʻi elastic hapa? Pane: Hoʻololi ʻia kekahi ikehu kinetic i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, e like me ke kani, ka wela, a i ʻole ke ʻano hoʻololi o nā mea.
7. Nīnau: Pehea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻoholo i ka nui o ka ikehu kinetic i mālama ʻia i loko o kahi kuʻi elastic hapa? Pane: Ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka ikehu kinetic holoʻokoʻa ma mua a ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana.
8. Nīnau: Hoʻopuka mau anei nā kuʻi elastic hapa i ke kani? Pane: ʻAʻole i nā manawa a pau, akā hiki ke hana ʻia ke kani ma muli o nā haʻalulu i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke kuʻi ʻana.
9. Nīnau: He aha ka mea e hana ʻia i ka ikehu kinetic i mālama ʻole ʻia i loko o kahi kuʻi elastic hapa? Pane: Hoʻololi pinepine ʻia ia i nā ʻano ikehu ʻē aʻe e like me ka wela, ke kani, a i ʻole ka ikehu hiki ke hana ʻia ma muli o ka deformation.
10. Nīnau: Pehea ka hopena o ke ʻano o nā mea i ka elasticity o kahi kuʻi ʻana? Pane: ʻO kekahi mau mea, e like me ka laholio, e ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kuʻi elastic, aʻo kekahi, e like me ka lepo, he inelastic. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā kuʻi maoli he elastic hapa ma muli o nā waiwai o nā mea a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe.
11. Nīnau: Hiki i nā pōpō kila ʻelua ke hōʻike i kahi kuʻi elastic hapa? Pane: ʻAe. ʻOiai ke ʻano o nā pōpō kila he kuʻi elastic kokoke loa, aia ka pohō ikehu iki, e hoʻolilo ana iā ia i elastic hapa.
12. Nīnau: Ua manaʻo ʻia anei he elastic hapa ka hoʻokuʻi ʻana o ka Honua me kahi meteorite? Pane: Ma ke ʻano laulā, ʻae. ʻAʻole mālama ka hopena i ka ikehu kinetic āpau no ka mea ua hoʻololi ʻia kekahi i ka wela, ke kani, a me ka hana ʻana o kahi lua pele.
13. Nīnau: Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa kahi kuʻi elastic hapa i loko o kahi vacuum? Pane: ʻAe. ʻOiai me ka ʻole o ke kū'ē ʻana o ka ea, hiki i nā ʻano kūloko o nā kino kuʻi ke alakaʻi i ka nalowale o ka ikehu.
14. Nīnau: Pehea e pili ai nā mana o waho, e like me ka friction, i ka elasticity o kahi collision? Pane: Hiki i nā mana o waho ke hoʻopau i ka ikehu kinetic hou aʻe, e hoʻolilo ana i ka collision i inelastic.
15. Nīnau: Aia kekahi mau noi kūpono kahi e koʻikoʻi ai ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā kuʻi elastic hapa? Pane: ʻAe, i nā haʻuki, ʻenekinia, a me ka nānā ʻana i nā ulia kaʻa, hiki ke koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā kuʻi elastic hapa.
16. Nīnau: No ke aha e aʻo ai nā mea hana kaʻa i nā ulia elastic hapa? Pane: No ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā kaʻa e hiki ke omo pono i ka ikehu hopena, e pale ana i ka poʻe noho i ka wā o nā ulia.
17. Nīnau: Hiki ke manaʻo ʻia he elastic hapa nā pilina ʻāpana ma ka pae quantum? Pane: ʻAe. ʻOiai ke hoʻolauna nei ka mechanics quantum i nā hanana hou, hiki nō i nā ʻāpana ke hana i nā pilina kahi i mālama ʻole ʻia ai ka ikehu kinetic āpau.
18. Nīnau: Pehea e pili ai nā pilina molekala i nā kuʻi elastic hapa? Pane: Hiki i nā molekala ke hana i nā kuʻi elastic hapa ke kuʻi lākou kekahi i kekahi, e hoʻoili ana i kekahi ikehu i nā haʻalulu a i ʻole nā wili o nā molekala.
19. Nīnau: Ke hōʻike nei ka lele ʻana o ka kinipōpō hīnaʻi ma ke kahua pāʻani i kahi kuʻi elastic hapa? Pane: ʻAe. Ua nalowale kekahi ikehu ma ke ʻano he kani a i ka deformation iki o ka pōpō, e hana ana i ka kuʻi elastic hapa.
20. Nīnau: Pehea ka hopena o ka mahana i ka elasticity o nā kuʻi ʻana i loko o nā kinoea? Pane: Ke piʻi aʻe ka mahana, neʻe wikiwiki nā molekala kinoea a hiki ke kuʻi me ka ikaika. Eia nō naʻe, pili ka elasticity o kēia mau kuʻi ʻana i nā waiwai molekala a ʻaʻole pili pono i ka mahana.
ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā collisions elastic hapa e hāʻawi i ka ʻike i nā ʻano hanana like ʻole i nā ʻike o kēlā me kēia lā a me ka mea loea i ka physics a me ka ʻenekinia.
