Ka neʻe laina - nā pilikia a me nā hoʻonā

Ka neʻe laina - nā pilikia a me nā hoʻonā

1. Kiʻi o ka wikiwiki (v) vs. ka manawa (t) i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ma lalo nei. He aha ka deceleration e like me ke kiʻi.

pāʻoihana

AB = ka neʻe ʻana ma ka wikiwiki mau , BC = ka neʻe ʻana ma ka wikiwiki mau , CD = ka neʻe ʻana ma ka hoʻēmi mau.

2. Kiʻi o ka neʻe laina i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ma lalo nei. He aha ka mamao i hele ʻia e kahi mea mai 0 kekona - 8 kekona.

pāʻoihana

ʻĀpana 1 = huinahā ʻāpana = ½ (4-0)(12-0) = ½ (4)(12) = (2)(12) = 24

ʻĀpana 2 = ʻāpana huinahā = (8-4)(12-0) = (4)(12) = 48

Ka mamao i hele ʻia i loko o 8 kekona = 24 mika + 48 mika = 72 mika.

3. Kiʻikuhi o ka wikiwiki (v) vs. ka manawa (t) no ka neʻe laina i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ma lalo. He aha ka mamao i hele ʻia i loko o 12 kekona.

pāʻoihana

ʻĀpana 1 = ʻāpana o ka huinakolu = ½ (2-0)(4-0) = ½ (2)(4) = 4

ʻĀpana 2 = ʻāpana o ka huinahā = (6-2)(4-0) = (4)(4) = 16

ʻĀpana 3 = ʻāpana o ka huinakolu = ½ (8-6)(4-0) = ½ (2)(4) = 4

ʻĀpana 4 = ʻāpana o ka huinakolu = ½ (10-8)(4-0) = ½ (2)(4) = 4

ʻĀpana 5 = ʻāpana o ka huinahā = (12-10)(4-0) = (2)(4) = 8

ʻO ka mamao i hele ʻia i loko o 12 kekona = 4 + 16 + 4 + 4 + 8 = 36 mika

4. Ke holo nei kekahi mea ma ka wikiwiki mau o 36 km/hola no 5 kekona, a laila e hoʻolalelale i 1 m/s ² no 10 kekona a laila e hoʻēmi i ka wikiwiki o 2 m/s ² a hiki i ka hoʻomaha. ʻO wai ka pakuhi (vt) e hōʻike ana i ka hele ʻana o ka mea.

ʻIke ʻia:

Neʻe 1 = wikiwiki mau

Ka wikiwiki mau (v) = 36 km/h = 36 (1000 m) / 3600 s = 36,000 m / 3600 s = 10 m/s

Ka manawa (t) = 5 kekona

Neʻe 2 = wikiwiki mau

Ka wikiwiki mua (v _o ) = ka wikiwiki i ka neʻe ʻana 1 = 10 m/s

Hoʻolalelale (a) = 1 m/s ²

Ka manawa (t) = 10 kekona

Neʻe 3 = hoʻolohi mau

Ka hoʻēmi ʻana o ka wikiwiki (a) = -2 m/s ²

Ka wikiwiki hope loa (vt ₎ = 0 m/s

Makemake ʻia: ʻo wai ka pakuhi e hōʻike ana i ka hele ʻana o ka mea

Lōlā:

ʻO ka wikiwiki hope loa o ka neʻe ʻana 2:

vt = v _o + _ma

v _t = 10 + (1)(10) = 10 + 10 = 20 m/s

Ka wikiwiki hope loa o ka neʻe ʻana 2 (vt ₎ = ka wikiwiki mua o ka neʻe ʻana 3 (vO ₎ = 20 m/s

Ka manawa o ka neʻe ʻana 3:

vt = v _o + _ma

0 = 20 + (-2)(t)

0 = 20 – 2t

20 = 2t

t = 20/2

t = 10 kekona

Neʻe 1: Hele ka mea ma ka wikiwiki mau o 10 m/s i loko o 5 kekona

Neʻe 2: Ua hoʻolalelale ʻia ka mea i loko o 10 kekona a hiki i kona wikiwiki = 20 m/s.

Neʻe 3: Hoʻolohi ʻia ka mea i loko o 10 kekona a hiki i ka hoʻomaha ʻana.

Hōʻike ka Pakuhi B i ka hele ʻana o ka mea.

5. Holo ke kaʻa ma ka wikiwiki mau o 5 m/s i loko o 10 kekona, a laila hoʻolalelale i 1 m/s ² i loko o 5 kekona. A laila hoʻēmi i ka wikiwiki a hiki i ka hoʻomaha ma hope o ka holo ʻana o ke kaʻa he 137.5 mika. ʻO wai ka pakuhi (vt) e hōʻike ana i ka hele ʻana o ka mea.

ʻIke ʻia:

Neʻe 1 = neʻe ʻana ma ka wikiwiki mau

Ka wikiwiki mau (v) = 5 m/s

Ka manawa (t) = 10 kekona

Neʻe 2 = neʻe ʻana ma ka wikiwiki mau

Ka wikiwiki mua (v _o ) = ka wikiwiki i ka neʻe ʻana 1 = 5 m/s

Hoʻolalelale (a) = 1 m/s ²

Ka manawa (t) = 5 kekona

Ka wikiwiki hope loa (vt ₎ = 0 m/s

Ka huina mamao (s) = 137.5 m/s

Makemake ʻia: Hōʻike ka pakuhi i ka huakaʻi o ke kaʻa

Lōlā:

Ka mamao no ka neʻe ʻana 1:

s = vt = (5)(10) = 50 mika

Ka mamao no ka neʻe ʻana 2:

s = v _o t + ½ ma ² = (5)(5) + ½ (1)(5) ² = 25 + ½ (25) = 25 + 12.5 = 37.5 mika

Ka mamao no ka neʻe ʻana 3:

137.5 – (50 + 37.5) = 137.5 – 87.5 = 50 mika

ʻO ka wikiwiki hope loa o ka neʻe ʻana 2:

ʻO ka wikiwiki hope loa o ka neʻe ʻana 2 i helu ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻikepili o ka neʻe ʻana 2:

vt = v _o + _ma

v _t = 5 + (1)(5) = 5 + 5 = 10 m/s

Ka wikiwiki hope loa no ka neʻe ʻana 2 (vt ₎ = ka wikiwiki mua no ka neʻe ʻana 3 (vO ₎ = 10 m/s

Ka manawa no ka neʻe ʻana 3:

Ka manawa i helu ʻia ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka deceleration. ʻO ka deceleration (a) a me ka manawa (t) i helu ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻikepili o ka neʻe ʻana 3.

Ka hoʻolohi ʻana o nā mea e neʻe ana 3:

vt ₂ = v _o ^{2 +} 2 ad

0 ² = 10 ² + 2 a (50)

0 = 100 + 100 a

100 = -100 a

a = – 100 / 100

a = – 1 m/s ²

Ka manawa o ka neʻe ʻana 3:

vt = v _o + _ma

0 = 10 + (-1) t

0 = 10 – t

t = 10 kekona

Neʻe 1: Hele ka mea ma ka wikiwiki mau o 5 m/s i loko o 10 kekona.

Neʻe 2: Hele ka mea no 5 kekona a hiki i kona wikiwiki = 10 m/s.

Neʻe 3: Hoʻolohi ka mea no 10 kekona a hiki i ka hoʻomaha.

6. Holo kekahi kaʻa he 800-kg ma kahi laina pololei me ka wikiwiki mua o 36 km/hola. Ma hope o ka holo ʻana he 150 mika, ʻo ka wikiwiki o ke kaʻa he 72 km/hola. E hoʻoholo i ka manawa.

ʻIke ʻia:

v _o = 36 km/hola = 36,000 mika / 3600 s = 10 m/s

v _t = 72 km/hola = 72,000 mika / 3600 s = 20 m/s

d = 150 mika

Makemake ʻia: ka manawa (t)

Lōlā:

ʻEkolu mau kaulike o ka neʻe ʻana ma ka wikiwiki mau:

vt = v _o + _ma

d = v _o t + ½ ma ²

vt ₂ = v _o ^{2 +} 2 ad

Hoʻolalelale:

vt ₂ = v _o ^{2 +} 2 ad

20 ² = 10 ² + 2 a (150)

400 = 100 + 300 a

400 – 100 = 300 a

300 = 300 a

a = 300 / 300

a = 1 m/s ²

Ka wā ma waena:

vt = v _o + _ma

20 = 10 + (1) t

20 – 10 = t

t = 10 kekona

7. Holo ke kaʻa ma ka wikiwiki mau o 20 m/s. Hoʻomaha ke kaʻa i loko o 5 kekona ma hope o ka hoʻēmi ʻana. He aha ka mamao i hele ʻia e ke kaʻa.

ʻIke ʻia:

Ka wikiwiki mua (v _o ) = 20 m/s

Ka wikiwiki hope loa (vt ₎ = 0 m/s

Ka manawa (t) = 5 kekona

Makemake ʻia: mamao (d)

Lōlā:

hoʻēmi ʻana i ka wikiwiki

vt = v _o + _ma

0 = 20 + a 5

-20 = 5a

a = -20/5

a = -4 m/s ²

Ka mamao i hele ʻia e ke kaʻa:

d = v _o t + 1/2 ma ²

d = (20)(5) + 1/2 (-4)(5) ² = (20)(5) + (-2)(25)

d = 100 – 50

d = 50 mika

8. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka mamao a me ka manawa o kahi mea e neʻe ana ma ka papa ma lalo nei.

E hoʻoholo i nā ʻano neʻe ʻana i ʻike ʻia e nā mea 1 a me 2…

pāʻoihana

Mea 1:

v = s / t

v = ka wikiwiki , s = ka mamao , t = ka wā ma waena

v = 60/15 = 4 kenimika/s

v = 80/20 = 4 kenimika/s

v = 100/25 = 4 kenimika/s

Ka wikiwiki mau = ka neʻe laina like.

Mea 2:

v = s / t

v = ka wikiwiki, s = ka mamao , t = ka wā ma waena

v = 4/2 = 2 kenimika/s

v = 9/3 = 3 kenimika/s

v = 25/5 = 5 kenimika/s

Piʻi ka wikiwiki = neʻe laina ʻaʻole like, hoʻolalelale ʻia.

1. Question: He aha ka mea e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ka neʻe linear mai nā ʻano neʻe ʻē aʻe? pane mai: ʻO ka neʻe laina e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana o kahi mea ma ke ala pololei i hoʻokahi ala. ʻAʻole e like me ka neʻe ʻana o ka wili a i ʻole ka neʻe ʻana o ka oscillatory, ʻaʻohe loli i ke kuhikuhi o ka mea e neʻe ana i ka neʻe laina.
2. Question: Pehea ka ʻokoʻa o ka mamao mai ka neʻe ʻana ma ka neʻe linear? pane mai: ʻO ka mamao ka lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa o ke ala i hele ʻia e kahi mea e neʻe ana, ʻoiai ʻo ka neʻe ʻana ka mamao laina pololei ma waena o nā kūlana mua a me nā kūlana hope, me ke kuhikuhi. He nui vector ka neʻe ʻana, ʻoiai he scalar ka mamao.
3. Question: No ke aha i hiki ai i ka wikiwiki a me ka velocity ke loaʻa nā waiwai like ʻole no ka neʻe like? pane mai: ʻO ka wikiwiki kahi ana scalar o ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe ʻana o kahi mea me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole i kona kuhikuhi, ʻoiai ʻo ka velocity kahi nui vector e komo pū ana me ka nui a me ke kuhikuhi. No ka neʻe linear, inā he loli i ke kuhikuhi, ʻokoʻa paha ka wikiwiki awelika mai ka nui o ka wikiwiki awelika.
4. Question: He aha ke ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana o kahi mea me ka neʻe laina like? pane mai: Neʻe kahi mea ma ka neʻe laina like ma kahi laina pololei ma kahi wikiwiki mau. ʻO ke ʻano kēia e noho mau ana kona wikiwiki a me kona kuhikuhi i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa.
5. Question: Pehea e hiki ai i kahi mea ke loaʻa ka wikiwiki mau akā he wikiwiki e loli ana i ka neʻe laina? pane mai: No kahi mea i ka neʻe laina, ʻo ke ala wale nō e hiki ai kēia ke hana ʻia inā loli ke kuhikuhi o ka neʻe ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, i ka neʻe laina maoli, e mau ana ke kuhikuhi. Inā loli ke kuhikuhi, ʻaʻole ia he neʻe laina wale nō.
6. Question: He aha ke kuleana o ka hoʻolalelale ʻana i ka neʻe laina? pane mai: Hōʻike ka wikiwiki i kahi loli o ka wikiwiki i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa. I ka neʻe linear, hiki i kēia ke ʻano he piʻi a emi paha ka wikiwiki a i ʻole kahi loli i ke kuhikuhi (inā ʻaʻole linear wale ka neʻe ʻana). Hōʻike ka wikiwiki ʻaʻole zero e loli ana ka wikiwiki o ka mea.
7. Question: Pehea e hōʻike ʻia ai ka wikiwiki maikaʻi ʻole, a i ʻole ka deceleration, i ka neʻe linear? pane mai: I loko o ke ʻano o ka neʻe linear, ʻo ka wikiwiki maikaʻi ʻole (i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo deceleration) e pili ana i ka emi ʻana o ka wikiwiki ma ke ala pololei hoʻokahi. He wikiwiki ia ma ke kuhikuhi kūʻē i ka neʻe ʻana.
8. Question: He aha ka pilina ma waena o ka ikaika upena a me ka wikiwiki i ka neʻe linear e like me ke kānāwai ʻelua o Newton? pane mai: Wahi a ke kānāwai ʻelua o Newton, ua kūlike ka ikaika ʻupena e hana ana ma luna o kahi mea me ka wikiwiki e loaʻa ana iā ia a hana ma ke kuhikuhi like. ʻoi aku hoʻi, $F=ma$, kahi $F$ ʻo ia ka ikaika upena, $m$ ʻo ia ka nuipa o ka mea, a $a$ ʻo kona hoʻolalelale ʻana.
9. Question: Inā e neʻe ana kahi kaʻa ma kahi laina pololei a kū, hiki anei iā kākou ke ʻōlelo he ʻole kona neʻe hope loa? pane mai: ʻAʻole. ʻO ka neʻe ʻana e pili ana i ka mamao laina pololei ma waena o nā kūlana mua a me nā kūlana hope me ke kuhikuhi. Inā ua neʻe ke kaʻa mai kona kūlana mua ma mua o ke kū ʻana, ʻaʻole ka neʻe ʻana he zero; ʻo kona wikiwiki hope wale nō.

10. Nīnau: Pehea e pili ai ke kumumanaʻo o ka inertia i ka neʻe linear? Pane: ʻO ka inertia ke kūʻē ʻana o kahi mea i kahi loli o kona kūlana neʻe. No kahi mea i ka neʻe linear, hōʻike ka inertia e hoʻomau ka mea i ka neʻe ʻana ma kahi laina pololei ma kahi wikiwiki mau ke ʻole e hana ʻia e kahi ikaika o waho.