Hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kumumanaʻo kinetic. E like me nā molekala kinoea, neʻe pū nā molekala wai. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopuehu ʻia nā molekala wai no ka mea hiki i ka huki ma waena o nā molekala ke hoʻopaʻa iā lākou. I ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, he palupalu ka huki ma waena o nā molekala kinoea, no laila ʻaʻole hiki i nā molekala kinoea ke hoʻohui. Ke neʻe nei, he wikiwiki ko nā molekala wai. Aia nā molekala wai me nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe; aia pū kekahi mau molekala wai me ka wikiwiki liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka wikiwiki o ka molekala wai e like me ka hoʻolaha Maxwell.
Hana ʻia ka mahu ʻana i ka wā e lawa ai ka wikiwiki o nā molekala wai a hiki ʻole i ka huki ʻana ma waena o nā molekala wai ke hoʻopaʻa iā ia. E like me nā rocket e neʻe ana i ka lewa, ua lawa ka wikiwiki o kahi rocket i hiki ʻole i ka ikaika umekaumaha o ka honua ke hoʻopaʻa iā ia e noho ma ka honua. E hoʻomaopopo he hiki i nā molekala me nā wikiwiki nui ke pakele i ka huki ʻana ma waena o nā molekala. Noho pū nā molekala me nā wikiwiki liʻiliʻi e like me ka wai.
Loaʻa i nā molekala wai ke kaumaha a me ka wikiwiki i loaʻa i nā molekala wai ka ikehu kinetic (EK = 1/2 m v2). ʻOi aku ka kinetic o nā molekala wai wikiwiki ma mua o nā molekala wai wikiwiki haʻahaʻa. No laila, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia he nui ka ikehu kinetic o nā molekala wai e hiki ke pakele mai ka huki ʻana ma waena o nā molekala (nā molekala wai e lilo i mahu). ʻO ka maʻamau, piʻi ka ikehu kinetic o nā molekala wai me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana o ka wai. Inā lawa ka mahana o ka wai, piʻi ka ikehu kinetic o nā molekala wai; no laila, e lilo ka wai hou aku i mahu. E kūlike me nā hopena o ka noiʻi e hōʻike ana he kiʻekiʻe ka wikiwiki o ka mahu ʻana ma nā mahana kiʻekiʻe.
Ke hoʻomaloʻo mākou i nā lole pulu i ka lā, omo nā lole pulu i ka wela i hoʻopuka ʻia e ka lā. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka ikehu mai ka lā e hoʻonui ai i ka ikehu kinetic o nā molekula wai i loko o nā lole. Ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o ka ikehu kinetic, neʻe wikiwiki nā molekula wai (piʻi ka wikiwiki o nā molekula wai). Ma hope o ka hiki ʻana o ka wikiwiki a i ʻole ka ikehu kinetic i kahi waiwai kikoʻī, hiki i nā molekula wai ke pakele i ka huki ʻana ma waena o nā molekula wai, a laila huli i ka mahu. E ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole wale ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana o nā lole pulu i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka wela mai ka lā. Hiki i nā lole pulu ke maloʻo ma muli o ka wela hou mai ka ea mahana a puni nā lole (neʻe ka wela ma o ka hoʻoili ʻana mai ka ea a i nā lole pulu).
I ka wā wela, e wela ana ka honua. Hoʻomehana ka ʻāina i ka ea ma luna ona (i kēia hihia, ka hoʻoili wela ma o ke alakaʻi ʻana). Hoʻonui ka ea wela (emi ka nui) a neʻe i luna. Ke hala nā lole pulu, kuʻi nā molekala wai i nā molekala wai i loko o nā lole. Neʻe wikiwiki nā molekala wai, piʻi ka ikehu kinetic o nā molekala wai. Kuʻi nā molekala wai e neʻe wikiwiki ana i nā molekala wai ʻē aʻe. Ma muli o ke kuʻi mau ʻia e nā molekala ea, neʻe wikiwiki nā molekala wai (piʻi ka ikehu kinetic). Ke hiki ka wikiwiki a i ʻole ka ikehu kinetic i kahi waiwai kikoʻī, hiki i nā molekala wai e neʻe wikiwiki ana ke pakele i ka huki ʻana ma waena o nā molekala a lilo i mahu. Pili loa ka ikehu kinetic o nā molekala wai a i ʻole nā molekala wai i ka mahana. Inā nui ka ikehu kinetic o nā molekala wai, a laila i ka manawa like ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana o ka wai. A i ʻole ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, i ka wā e kiʻekiʻe ai ka mahana o ka wai, pono e nui ka ikehu kinetic o nā molekala wai. Pili pū ka ikehu kinetic i ka wikiwiki. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ikehu kinetic o ka molekala, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka molekala. A i ʻole ma ke ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka molekala, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ikehu kinetic o ka molekala.
Pehea lā ka wai wela? He kiʻekiʻe ka mahana o ka wai wela. Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana o ka wai, he awelika ka ikehu kinetic o nā molekala i loko o ka wai. Ma muli o ka awelika nui o ka ikehu kinetic o nā molekala wai, he nui nā molekala wai i loaʻa nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe. He wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe ko nā molekala wai a hiki ke pakele i ka ikaika o ka huki ʻana ma waena o nā molekala a lilo i mahu. ʻAʻole e lilo nā molekala wai wikiwiki haʻahaʻa (nā molekala wai me ka ikehu kinetic liʻiliʻi) i mahu. No laila, i ka wā e lilo ai nā molekala wai nona ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe i mahu, e liʻiliʻi ka ikehu kinetic awelika o nā molekala wai. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o ka ikehu kinetic awelika, ʻo ka haʻahaʻa o ka mahana o ka wai. Ma muli o kēia wehewehe pōkole, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia he hana hoʻomaʻalili ka mahu ʻana.
ʻIke mau ʻia ke kaʻina hoʻomaʻalili ma muli o ka mahu ʻana i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā. Ke wela ka ea, nui ka wela e omo ʻia e ke kino. No ka mālama ʻana i ka mahana o ke kino, hoʻokuʻu pinepine ke kino i ka wela ma o ka hou. No ka mea, loaʻa i ka hou ka wela keu mai ka lā a me ka ea a puni, piʻi ka ikehu kinetic o nā molekula wai hou. No ka mea, i ka piʻi ʻana o ka ikehu kinetic o nā molekula wai hou, piʻi ka wikiwiki o nā molekula wai hou. Lilo nā molekula hou i mahu. Ke mahu ka hou, manaʻo ke kino he anuanu.
ʻO ka maʻamau, ma hope o ka ʻauʻau ʻana, ʻoluʻolu ke kino. ʻO kēia no ka mea, ua hele ka wai i hoʻopili ʻia i ka ʻili o ka ʻili i ke kaʻina hana o ka mahu ʻana.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana hoʻomake i wehewehe ʻia ma mua e hana mau ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā. Hiki i ka wai kai, ka wai loko, ka wai muliwai ke hoʻomake pū.
Kaomi kaohi
ʻO ke ʻano o ka mahu ma ʻaneʻi, ʻo ia ka mahu wai. E nānā i ke kiʻi. He pahu pani i piha i ka wai (manaʻo ʻia ua wehe ʻia ka ea i loko o ka pahu). Wahi a ke kumumanaʻo kinetic, neʻe mau nā molekala wai. I ka neʻe ʻana, loaʻa i nā molekala wai ka wikiwiki a me ka ikehu neʻe. ʻO nā molekala wai me ka wikiwiki a me ka ikehu kinetic nui e pakele i ka ikaika o ka huki ʻana ma waena o nā molekala wai a lilo i mahu.
Hana ʻia ke kaʻina hana like i loko o nā molekala wai i loko o kahi pahu. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā molekala wai e lilo i mahu. Ma muli o ka pani ʻia ʻana o ka pahu, ʻaʻole hiki i nā molekala wai i lilo i mahu ke pakele i ka lewa (ua paʻa nā molekala i loko o ka pahu). He nui loa ka nui o nā molekala wai e lilo i mahu, no laila aia ka hiki ke kuʻi ma waena o nā molekala me nā paia o ka pahu.
ʻO kekahi mau molekala e kuʻi ana i nā paia o ka pahu e hōʻike ʻia i luna o ka wai a hui pū i loko o ka wai. Hoʻomau mau kēia kaʻina hana. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā molekala wai e lilo i mahu (e loli ana mai ka wai a i ka mahu). I ka manawa like, ʻo kekahi o nā molekala e kuʻi ana i nā paia o ka pahu e loli hou i ka wai (e loli ana mai ka mahu a i ka wai). Inā like ka helu o nā molekala e loli ana mai ka wai a i ka mahu me ka helu o nā molekala e loli ana mai ka mahu a i ka wai, e loaʻa ke kaulike. Ke hana ʻia ke kaulike, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka piko o ka pahu e loaʻa ana ke kinoea ua piha. ʻO ke kaomi mahu ma ka ʻāpana piha ua kapa ʻia ʻo ke kaomi mahu piha.
ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke ʻano mai ka wai a i ka mahu ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka mahu. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke ʻano mai ka mahu a i ka wai ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka condensation. E hoʻomaopopo ʻo ke kaomi mahu saturated e hilinaʻi wale ana i ka mahana a ʻaʻole hilinaʻi i ka nui. Inā piʻi ka mahana o ka wai, piʻi ka ikehu kinetic o nā molekala wai.
Hoʻonui ʻia ka ikehu kinetic o nā molekala wai i mea e pono ai ke hoʻonui i ka wikiwiki o nā molekala wai. No laila, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā molekala wikiwiki e lilo i mahu (e hoʻololi ana mai ka wai a i ka mahu). No ka mea ua paʻa ka nui o ka pahu, hilinaʻi wale ke kaomi mahu i ka helu o nā molekala (N) a me ka wikiwiki (v).
ʻO ka nui o nā molekala e lilo i mahu a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wikiwiki o nā molekala, piʻi pū kekahi ke kaomi mahu. No laila, e hana ʻia ke kaulike ma ke kaomi mahu kiʻekiʻe. No laila, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kaomi mahu saturated. Loaʻa wale ke kaomi mahu saturated ke hana ʻia ke kaulike.
Aia ke kaomi mahu i ka nui, akā, ʻaʻole hilinaʻi ke kaomi mahu piha i ka nui. Inā piʻi a emi paha ka nui o ka pahu, e loaʻa kahi kaulike. Makemake wale ka hoʻohālike ma luna e hoʻomaopopo ʻoe i ke kaomi mahu piha i ka lewa. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, ma ka laʻana ma mua, ke manaʻo nei mākou ʻaʻohe wai i loko o ka ʻāpana o ka pahu i loaʻa ʻole ka wai. No laila, ʻo ka ʻāpana o ka pahu i paʻa ʻole i ka wai ua noho wale ʻia e ka mahu wai. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua piha mau ka ʻili o ka honua i ka ea. ʻO ke kuʻi ʻana ma waena o nā mole mahu a me nā mole kinoea ʻē aʻe e hoʻolōʻihi wale i ke kaulike. Eia naʻe, i kekahi manawa, e loaʻa kahi kaulike inā like ka nui o nā mole wai e lilo i mahu me ka nui o nā mole mahu e lilo i wai.
