ʻAtikala e pili ana i ka Hoʻohālikelike o ke kaapuni capacitor
Loaʻa i kahi capacitor kahi capacitance. Inā ʻaʻole loaʻa ka capacitance e pono ai, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha mau capacitors ʻelua e loaʻa ai ka capacitance e pono ai. I mea e hoʻopili pono ai i ka capacitor, pono ia i ka ʻike pololei e pili ana i ke kaapuni capacitor. 🙂
Ma mua o ke aʻo ʻana i ka ka mea hiki kaapuni, ʻo ka mea mua, e hoʻomaopopo i nā hōʻailona aʻe. ʻElua mau laina kū pololei ma ka hōʻailona capacitor e hōʻike ana i ʻelua mau alakaʻi ma nā capacitors pā like. Ma ka hōʻailona pila, ʻo kahi laina kū lōʻihi e hōʻike ana i kahi hiki kiʻekiʻe (+) a ʻo kahi laina kū pōkole e hōʻike ana i kahi hiki haʻahaʻa (-). ʻO ka laina ākea o ka hōʻailona capacitor a me ka hōʻailona pila e hōʻike ana i ke kaula.
Kaapuni moʻo
ʻElua mau capacitors i hoʻopili ʻia e like me ke kiʻi hema ua kapa ʻia he mau capacitors i hoʻopili ʻia ma ke ʻano series. ʻO ke kiʻi ʻākau he capacitor like nona ka capacitance e like me nā capacitors series ʻelua.
I ka wā mua, ʻaʻole i hoʻopiha ʻia nā capacitors ʻelua me ka uila. Ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana i ka pila, lilo ka papa o ka capacitor C 1 i hoʻopili ʻia i ka pou maikaʻi o ka pila i hoʻopiha maikaʻi ʻia. No ka mea, neʻe nā electrons i waho a ʻo ka papa lalo o ka capacitor C 2 i hoʻopili ʻia i ka pou maikaʻi ʻole o ka pila i hoʻopiha maikaʻi ʻia no ka mea loaʻa iā ia nā electrons. Neʻe nā electrons i hoʻopiha maikaʻi ʻole ʻia no ka mea ua huki ʻia lākou e ka pou maikaʻi o ka pila, ka mea i hoʻopiha maikaʻi ʻia.
A laila ua hōʻole ʻia kēia mau electrons e ka mea i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole ʻia o ka pou maikaʻi ʻole o ka pila, ma ka ʻaoʻao lalo o ka capacitor C 2. Huki ka papa o ka capacitor i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia C 1 i nā electrons mai luna o ka capacitor C 2 i neʻe ai nā electrons i ka ʻaoʻao lalo o ka capacitor C 1. ʻO ka hopena, lilo ka papa o ka capacitor C 1 i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole ʻia a lilo ka papa o ka capacitor C 2 i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia.
ʻO ka uku maikaʻi ʻole e puka mai ana mai luna mai o ka capacitor C 1 e like me ka uku maikaʻi ʻole e komo ana i lalo o ka capacitor C 2. A loaʻa i ka papa ma ka capacitor C 1 kahi uku maikaʻi e like me ka uku maikaʻi ʻole e puka ana mai ia mea. , ʻo ka uku maikaʻi ʻole ma ka papa lalo o ka capacitor C 1 ua like ia me ka uku maikaʻi ma ka papa o ka capacitor C 2. No laila, loaʻa i kēlā me kēia papa alakaʻi ka nui like o ka uku akā ʻokoʻa ka hōʻailona, kahi i hoʻopiʻi ʻia ai ka luna o ka capacitor C 1 + Q.
ʻO ka lalo o ka capacitor C1 ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia ʻo -Q, ka piko o ka capacitor C2 ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia +Q, a ʻo ka lalo o ka capacitor C2 ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia -Q. I loko o kahi kaapuni moʻo, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻopiʻi uila ma ka capacitor C1 (Q1) = ka nui o ka hoʻouku uila ma ka capacitor C2 (Q2) = Q.
Pehea e pili ana i ka hiki ke uila? I loko o kahi kaapuni moʻo, ua like ka hiki ke uila o ka capacitor like me ka hiki ke uila o kēlā me kēia capacitor, V = V1 +V2ʻO ka hiki ke uila o ka capacitor C1 ʻo V1 = Q/C1, ka hiki ke uila o ka capacitor C2 ʻo V2 = Q/C2, a ʻo ka hiki ke uila o ka capacitor ʻo V = Q/C.
V = V1 + V2
Q/C = Q/C 1 + Q/C 2
Q/C = Q (1/C 1 + 1/C 2 )
1/C = 1/C 1 + 1/C 2
Inā he ʻekolu mau capacitors i hoʻopili ʻia ma ke ʻano series, e loli ke ʻano ma luna nei i:
1/C = 1/C 1 + 1/C 2 + 1/C 3
Inā he ʻehā mau capacitors, hoʻohui ʻia ʻo 1/C 4. Pēlā nō, inā he ʻelima mau capacitors a pēlā aku. ʻO kēia ke ʻano hana no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka capacitance o ka capacitor like no nā capacitors i hoʻopili ʻia ma ke ʻano series.
Manaʻo ʻia ʻo C 1 he 2 a ʻo C 2 he 1 a laila ʻo ka capacitance o ka capacitor pani:
1/C = 1/C 1 + 1/C 2 = 1/2 + 1/1 = 1/2 + 2/2 = 3/2
C/1 = C = 2/3
Ma muli o kēia helu ʻana, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka capacitance o ka capacitor pani ma mua o ka capacitance o kēlā me kēia capacitor i hoʻopili ʻia ma ke ʻano series.
Kaapuni like
ʻElua mau capacitors i hoʻopili ʻia e like me ke kiʻi hema ua kapa ʻia he mau capacitors i hoʻopili ʻia ma ke ʻano like. ʻO ke kiʻi ʻākau ka capacitor pani nona ka capacitance e like me nā capacitors ʻelua i hoʻopili ʻia ma ke ʻano like.
Ua hoʻopili ʻia nā papa o nā capacitors C 1 a me C 2 i ka pou maikaʻi o ka pila i loaʻa i kēia mau papa ʻelua ka mana uila kiʻekiʻe. ʻOiai ua hoʻopili ʻia nā papa lalo o nā capacitors C 1 a me C 2 i ka pou maikaʻi ʻole o ka pila i loaʻa i kēia mau papa ʻelua ka mana uila haʻahaʻa. No laila hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia he ʻokoʻa ka mana o kēlā me kēia capacitor i hoʻopili ʻia ma ke ʻano like me ka ʻokoʻa ka mana o ka pila (V 1 = V 2 = V).
Ke hoʻopili ʻia nā capacitors ʻelua, i hoʻopili ʻia ma ke ʻano like, i ka pila, huki ka pou maikaʻi o ka pila i nā electrons i ka papa luna. ʻOiai ʻo ka pou maikaʻi ʻole o ka pila e hōʻole i nā electrons i loko o ka papa haʻahaʻa i neʻe ai nā electrons mai luna a i lalo. Nalowale nā papa ʻelua i nā electrons i lilo ai lākou i mea hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi, a loaʻa i nā papa ʻelua haʻahaʻa nā electrons i lilo ai lākou i mea hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole. Hoʻōki ka neʻe ʻana o nā electrons ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻokoʻa hiki o nā papa alakaʻi ʻelua e like me ka ʻokoʻa hiki o ka pila.
ʻO ka piko o ka capacitor C1 a me ka lalo o ka capacitor C1 e mālama i ka uku uila like, akā he hōʻailona kū'ē. Pēlā nō, ʻo ka ʻāpana luna o ka capacitor C2 a me ka ʻāpana lalo o ka capacitor C2 e mālama i ka uku uila like akā he mau hōʻailona kū'ē. Inā mālama ʻia ka uku uila i loko o ka capacitor C1 ʻo Q1 a ua mālama ʻia ka uku uila i loko o ka capacitor C2 ʻo Q2, a laila ʻo ka nui o ka uku uila i mālama ʻia i loko o nā capacitors ʻelua i hoʻopili ʻia ma ke ʻano like ʻo Q = Q1 +Q2No laila, ʻo ka huina o ka uku uila ma luna o nā capacitors i hoʻopili ʻia ma ke ʻano like ua like ia me ka nui o ka uku ma kēlā me kēia capacitor.
Ua helu ʻia ka uku uila i loko o kēlā me kēia capacitor i hoʻopili ʻia ma ke ʻano like e ka hoohalike Q 1 = C 1 ΔV a me Q 2 = C 2 ΔV ʻoiai ua helu ʻia ka uku uila nui ma ka capacitor pani e ka hoohalike Q = C ΔV. Ma kahi ʻo Q ka uku uila, ʻo C ka capacitance a ʻo ΔV kahi ʻokoʻa hiki ke uila. Ua hoʻoponopono hou ʻia ka hoohalike Q = Q 1 + Q 2 e ka mea pani Q:
Q = Q 1 + Q 2
C ΔV = C 1 ΔV + C 2 ΔV
C ΔV = ΔV (C 1 + C 2 )
C = C1 + C2
Ua like ka ʻokoʻa hiki o ΔV, no laila ua hoʻopau ʻia mai ka hoohalike.
Inā ʻekolu mau capacitors i hoʻopili ʻia ma ke ʻano like, e loli ke ʻano ma luna nei i:
C = C1 + C2 + C3
Inā he ʻehā mau capacitors, hoʻohui ʻia ʻo C4. Pēlā nō, inā he ʻelima mau capacitors a pēlā aku. ʻO kēia ke ʻano hana no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka capacitance o kahi capacitor pani no nā capacitors i hoʻopili ʻia ma ke ʻano like.
Inā he 2 ʻo C 1 a he 1 ʻo C 2 a laila ʻo ka capacitance o ka capacitor pani:
C = C1 + C2 = 2 + 1 = 3
Ma muli o kēia helu ʻana, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ʻoi aku ka nui o ka capacitance o ka capacitor pani ma mua o ka capacitance o kēlā me kēia capacitor i hoʻopili ʻia ma ke ʻano like.
