ʻAtikala e pili ana i ke kānāwai o Coulomb
Ma ka ʻatikala e pili ana i ka hoʻouku uila a me nā ʻano o nā hoʻouku uila, ua wehewehe ʻia he kipaku nā hoʻouku like kekahi i kekahi aʻo nā hoʻouku like ʻole e huki kekahi i kekahi. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, huki nā mea i hoʻouku maikaʻi ʻia i nā mea i hoʻouku maikaʻi ʻole ʻia, hoʻokuke nā mea i hoʻouku maikaʻi ʻia i nā mea i hoʻouku maikaʻi ʻia, a hoʻokuke nā mea i hoʻouku maikaʻi ʻole ʻia i nā mea i hoʻouku maikaʻi ʻia. Hōʻike kēia hanana i ke ola ʻana o nā ikaika uila e hana ana ma nā mea i hoʻouku maikaʻi ʻia a me nā mea i hoʻouku maikaʻi ʻole ʻia. He aha nā mea e hoʻohuli ai i ka ikaika uila ma waena o nā mea i hoʻouku uila ʻia?
Ua hana ke kanaka ʻepekema Farani ʻo Charles Coulomb (1736-1806) i kekahi mau hoʻokolohua i nā makahiki 1780 e noiʻi i nā mea e hoʻopilikia ai i ka nui o ka ikaika uila ma waena o nā mea i hoʻopiʻi ʻia e ka uila. Ua like ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia e Coulomb me kahi mea i hoʻohana ʻia e Cavendish e noiʻi i ke kūpaʻa umekaumaha, i kapa ʻia he kaulike torsion. Ua noiʻi ʻo Coulomb i ka ikaika o ka uila, no laila ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i ʻelua mau pōpō metala i hoʻopiʻi ʻia e ka uila, ʻoiai ua noiʻi ʻo Cavendish i ka ikaika o ka umekaumaha, no laila ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i ʻelua mau pōpō o ka nuipa i hoʻopiʻi ʻole ʻia e ka uila.
Nā mea e pili ana i ka ikaika uila
Ma muli o nā hoʻokolohua i hana ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaulike torsion, ua ʻike ʻo Coulomb i kekahi mau mea.
– Ma kēia hoʻokolohua, ua like mau ka mamao ma waena o nā pōpō paʻa ʻelua. Ke 1 ka nui o ka uku uila ma ka pōpō paʻa 1, a hoʻokahi ka nui o ka uku uila ma ka pōpō paʻa 2, a laila 1 ka ikaika uila e hana ana ma nā pōpō paʻa ʻelua.
ka huahana o ka nui o ka uku ma kekahi, Q 1 , hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka uku ma kekahi, Q 2 (F ≈ q 1 q 2 ).
– Ma kēia hoʻokolohua, ua like mau ka helu o nā uku ma nā pōpō paʻa ʻelua. Inā hoʻokahi ka mamao ma waena o nā pōpō paʻa ʻelua, a laila 1 ka ikaika uila e hana ana ma nā pōpō paʻa ʻelua. Inā ʻelua ka mamao ma waena o nā pōpō paʻa ʻelua, a laila ¼ ka ikaika uila e hana ana ma nā pōpō paʻa ʻelua. Ua hoʻoholo ʻo Coulomb ʻo ka nui o ka ikaika uila e hana ana ma nā pōpō paʻa ʻelua he kūlike ʻole ia me ka huinahā o ka mamao (F ≈ 1 / r 2 )
Kānāwai Coulomb
ʻO ke kānāwai o Coulomb kekahi o nā kānāwai physics e wehewehe ana i ka pilina ma waena o ka ikaika o ka uila, ka uku uila a me ka mamao ma waena o nā uku uila. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia kānāwai ma muli o nā hoʻokolohua i hana ʻia e Coulomb e like me ka mea i wehewehe ʻia ma ka ʻatikala ma mua.
Ua ʻōlelo ke kānāwai o Coulomb ʻo ka nui o ka ikaika i hoʻopuka ʻia e kahi ʻāpana i hoʻopiʻi ʻia me ka uila i kekahi ʻāpana i hoʻopiʻi ʻia me ka uila he kūlike pololei ia
ʻo ka huahana o ka hoʻonui ʻana, nā uku o nā ʻāpana ʻelua a kūlike ʻole i ka huinahā o ka mamao ma waena o nā ʻāpana ʻelua. Hana kēia ikaika me kahi laina pololei e hoʻopili ana i nā ʻāpana ʻelua. ʻO nā ʻāpana me nā uku like e kipaku aku kekahi i kekahi, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻāpana me nā uku like ʻole e huki kekahi i kekahi.
Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ke kānāwai o Coulomb ma nā hoʻohālikelike makemakika:
F 12 = ka ikaika uila ma waena o ka ʻāpana 1 a me ka ʻāpana 2
q 1 = ka nui o nā uku uila o ka ʻāpana 1
q 2 = ka nui o nā uku uila o ka ʻāpana 2
r 12 = ka mamao ma waena o ka ʻāpana 1 a me ka ʻāpana 2
ʻO F 21 ka ikaika i hoʻokomo ʻia e ka uku o q 2 ma luna o ka uku o q 1 , ʻoiai ʻo F 12 ka ikaika i hoʻokomo ʻia e ka uku o q 1 ma luna o ka uku o q 2. Hoʻokuke aku ʻo F 21 a me F 12 kekahi i kekahi ke like ʻole nā ʻano uku o q 1 a me q 2 , a huki kekahi i kekahi ke like ʻole nā ʻano uku o q 1 a me q 2 .
Loaʻa i ka F 21 a me ka F 12 ka nui like, nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe a hana ma nā mea like ʻole, no laila he mau ikaika hana-pane kēia mau ikaika ʻelua.
