Kaʻapuni Carnot - nā pilikia a me nā hoʻonā

Kaʻapuni Carnot - nā pilikia a me nā hoʻonā

1. Inā ua omo ʻia ka wela e ka ʻenekini (Q 1 ) = 10,000 Joules, he aha ka hana i hana ʻia e ka ʻenekini Carnot?

ʻIke ʻia:Kaʻapuni Carnot - nā pilikia a me nā hoʻonā 1

Haʻahaʻa ka mahana (T 2 ) = 400 K

Mahana kiʻekiʻe (T 1 ) = 800 K

Hoʻokomo wela (Q 1 ) = 10,000 Joules

Makemake ʻia: Hana i hana ʻia e ka ʻenekini Carnot (W)

pāʻoihana:

Ka pono o ka mīkini Carnot:

Kaʻapuni Carnot - nā pilikia a me nā hoʻonā 2

Ua hana ʻia ka hana e ka ʻenekini Carnot:

W = e Q 1

W = (1/2)(10,000) = 5000 Joule

2.

Ma muli o ka pakuhi ma luna, he aha ka hana i hana ʻia e ka ʻenekini i loko o kahi pōʻaiapuni?

ʻIke ʻia:Kaʻapuni Carnot - nā pilikia a me nā hoʻonā 3

Haʻahaʻa ka mahana (T L ) = 400 K

Mahana kiʻekiʻe (T H ) = 600 K

Hoʻokomo wela (Q 1 ) = 600 Joules

Makemake ʻia: Ua hana ʻia ka hana e ka ʻenekini Carnot (W)

Lōlā:

Ka pono o ka mīkini Carnot:

Nā hana i hana ʻia e ka ʻenekini Carnot:Kaʻapuni Carnot - nā pilikia a me nā hoʻonā 4

W = e Q 1

W = (1/3)(600) = 200 Joule

3. Ma muli o ka pakuhi ma lalo nei, he aha ka pono o ka ʻenekini Carnot?

ʻIke ʻia:Kaʻapuni Carnot - nā pilikia a me nā hoʻonā 5

Haʻahaʻa ka mahana (T L ) = 350 K

Mahana kiʻekiʻe (T H ) = 500 K

Makemake ʻia: Ka pono o ka ʻenekini Carnot (e)

Lōlā:

Ka pono o ka mīkini Carnot:

e = (TH – TH ) / TH

e = (500 – 350) / 500

e = 150 / 500

e = 0.3

e = 30/100 = 30%

4. Ma muli o ka pakuhi ma lalo nei, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana o ka ʻenekini wela he 600 K a ʻo ka mahana haʻahaʻa he 400 K. Inā ʻo W ka hana i hana ʻia e ka ʻenekini, he aha ka wela e hoʻopuka ʻia.

ʻIke ʻia:Kaʻapuni Carnot - nā pilikia a me nā hoʻonā 6

Haʻahaʻa ka mahana (T L ) = 400 K

Mahana kiʻekiʻe (T H ) = 600 K

Makemake ʻia: ka hoʻopuka wela ( Q2 )

Lōlā:

Ka pono o ka mīkini Carnot:

e = (TH – TH ) / TH

e = (600 – 400) / 600

e = 200 / 600

e = 1/3

Nā hana i hana ʻia e ka ʻenekini Carnot:

W = e Q 1

W = ka hana i hana ʻia e ka ʻenekini, e = ka pono, Q1 = ka hoʻokomo wela

W = (1/3)(Q 1 )

3W = Q 1

Ka hoʻopuka wela:

Q 2 = Q 1 – W

Q 2 = 3W – W

Q 2 = 2W

5. Ma muli o ka pakuhi ma lalo nei, inā he 3000 Joules ka hoʻopuka wela, he aha ka hoʻokomo wela.

ʻIke ʻia:

Haʻahaʻa ka mahana (TL) = 500 KKaʻapuni Carnot - nā pilikia a me nā hoʻonā 7

Mahana kiʻekiʻe (T H ) = 800 K

Ka hoʻopuka wela (Q 2 ) = 3000 Joules

Makemake ʻia: Hoʻokomo wela (Q 1 )

Lōlā:

Ka pono o ka mīkini Carnot:

e = (TH – TH ) / TH

e = (800 – 500) /8600

e = 300 / 800

e = 3/8

Nā hana i hana ʻia e ka ʻenekini Carnot:

W = e Q 1

W = (3/8)(Q 1 )

8W/3 = Q 1

Q 2 = Q 1 – W

Q 2 = 8W/3 – 3W/3

Q 2 = 5W/3

3Q 2 = 5W

W = 3Q 2/5 = 3(3000)/5 = 9000/5 = 1800

Ka wela i omo ʻia e ka ʻenekini:

Q 1 = W + Q 2 = 1800 + 3000 = 4800 Joules

6. Hoʻopili kahi ʻenekini Carnot i ka wela ma ke ana wela kiʻekiʻe 800 Kelvin a ʻo ka pono o ka ʻenekini Carnot he 50%. He aha ka mahana kiʻekiʻe e hoʻonui ai i ka pono i 80% inā mālama ʻia ka mahana haʻahaʻa.

ʻIke ʻia:

Inā wela kiʻekiʻe (T H ) = 800 K, pono (e) = 50% = 0.5

Makemake ʻia: Mahana kiʻekiʻe (T H ) inā ʻo ka pono (e) = 80% = 0.8

Lōlā:

Kaʻapuni Carnot - nā pilikia a me nā hoʻonā 8

Haʻahaʻa ka mahana = 400 Kelvin

He aha ka mahana kiʻekiʻe (TH ) inā ʻo ka pono (e) = 80%?

Kaʻapuni Carnot - nā pilikia a me nā hoʻonā 9

Mahana kiʻekiʻe = 2000 Kelvin

7. Hana kahi ʻenekini Carnot ma ka mahana kiʻekiʻe 600 Kelvin me ka pono o 40%. Inā he 75% ka pono o ka ʻenekini a mālama ʻia ka mahana haʻahaʻa, he aha ka mahana kiʻekiʻe?

ʻIke ʻia:

Inā wela kiʻekiʻe (T H ) = 600 K, pono (e) = 40% = 0.4

Makemake ʻia: Mahana kiʻekiʻe (T H ) inā ʻo ka pono (e) = 75% = 0.75

Lōlā:

Kaʻapuni Carnot - nā pilikia a me nā hoʻonā 10

Mahana kiʻekiʻe (TH) inā ʻo ka pono (e) = 75% ?Kaʻapuni Carnot - nā pilikia a me nā hoʻonā 11

Mahana kiʻekiʻe = 1440 Kelvin

  1. He aha ke kaʻapuni Carnot? paneʻO ke kaʻina hana Carnot kahi kaʻina hana thermodynamic theoretical e hōʻike ana i ke kaʻina hana mīkini wela hoʻohuli pono loa. Loaʻa iā ia ʻelua mau kaʻina hana isothermal a me ʻelua mau kaʻina hana adiabatic.
  2. No ke aha i manaʻo ʻia ai ke kaʻina hana ʻo Carnot he kaʻina hana kūpono? paneUa manaʻo ʻia ke kaʻapuni Carnot he kūpono loa ia no ka mea ke hōʻike nei ia i ka palena kiʻekiʻe o ka pono no kekahi ʻenekini wela. ʻAʻohe ʻenekini maoli e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka ʻenekini Carnot e hana ana ma waena o nā waihona mahana ʻelua like.
  3. He aha nā kaʻina hana ʻehā i loko o kahi pōʻaiapuni Carnot? paneʻO nā kaʻina hana ʻehā i loko o kahi pōʻaiapuni Carnot:
    1. Ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka isothermal i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe .
    2. Hoʻonui adiabatic (kahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai ka ʻōnaehana a hoʻomaʻalili ʻia).
    3. Ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka isothermal ma ka mahana haʻahaʻa .
    4. ʻO ka hoʻopili ʻana adiabatic (kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai ka ʻōnaehana a hoʻomehana ʻia).
  4. No ke aha ʻaʻohe ʻenekini wela maoli e hana ana ma ka pōʻaiapuni Carnot? paneLoaʻa i nā ʻenekini maoli nā pohō hiki ʻole ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia, e like me ka friction, a ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama i ka insulation kūpono i ka wā o nā kaʻina hana adiabatic. Eia kekahi, he mea kūpono ʻole ke hoʻokō i nā kaʻina hana isothermal lohi loa e pono ai e ka pōʻaiapuni Carnot.
  5. He aha ka pono o ka ʻenekini Carnot? paneʻO ka pono o kahi ʻenekini Carnot e hana ana ma waena o ʻelua mau waihona mahana (wela) a me Hāʻawi ʻia (anuanu) e:

    kahi o nā mahana ma Kelvin.

  6. No ke aha hiki ʻole i kahi ʻenekini Carnot ke loaʻa ka pono 100%? paneʻO ka pono o ka ʻenekini Carnot e pili ana i ka ʻokoʻa o ka mahana ma waena o nā waihona wela a me ke anu. No ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka pono 100%, pono ka mahana o ka waihona anu i ka zero loa (0 Kelvin), kahi mea hiki ʻole ke loaʻa i ka hana maoli.
  7. He aha ke koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka pōʻaiapuni Carnot? paneʻO ka hoʻohuli ʻana e hōʻoia i ka ʻaʻohe kaʻina hana entropy, ʻo ia hoʻi hiki i ke kaʻina hana ke hana ma ka pono kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻO kēlā me kēia kaʻina hana hiki ʻole ke hoʻohuli ʻia e hōʻemi i ka pono o ke kaʻina hana.
  8. Pehea e pili ai ke kaʻina hana Carnot i ke kānāwai ʻelua o ka thermodynamics? pane: Ke kākoʻo nei ke kaʻapuni Carnot i ke Kānāwai ʻElua ma ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi palena kiʻekiʻe ma ka pono o nā mīkini wela. Ke hōʻoia nei ke Kānāwai ʻElua ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi mīkini ke ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka mīkini Carnot e hana ana ma waena o nā mahana ʻelua like.
  9. No ke aha i hiki ʻole ai ke loaʻa nā kaʻina hana isothermal i nā noi honua maoli e like me kā lākou e ʻike ʻia nei ma ke kaʻina hana Carnot? paneʻO ke kaʻina hana isothermal, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kaʻina hana Carnot, pono ia i kahi manawa palena ʻole, kahi mea kūpono ʻole i nā noi honua maoli. ʻO kēia no ka mea e mālama i ke kūlana isothermal, pono e hana mālie loa ka hoʻoili wela.

  10. Pehea e kōkua ai ke kaʻina hana Carnot i nā ʻenekinia a me nā kānaka ʻepekema? Pane : Hāʻawi ke kaʻina hana Carnot i kahi pae hoʻohālikelike kumumanaʻo no ka pono kiʻekiʻe loa o nā ʻenekini wela. Ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā ʻenekini maoli i ke kaʻina hana Carnot, hiki i nā ʻenekinia a me nā kānaka ʻepekema ke ʻike i nā wahi no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana a hoʻomaopopo i nā palena kumu o kā lākou hoʻolālā.

Hoʻolapala, PDF & Email