Ka pilina ma waena o nā ʻano geophysical a me petrophysical
I ka ʻimi ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai o lalo o ka ʻilikai—inā paha he hydrocarbons, geothermal, wai honua, a i ʻole nā minelala—he mea nui ka ʻike pololei ʻana i nā kūlana pōhaku a me ke kahe no ka holomua. ʻElua mau aʻo e hana pinepine ana i ke kuamoʻo o ka wehewehe ʻana i lalo o ka ʻilikai, ʻo ia ka geophysics a me ka petrophics. Hoʻoikaika ka Geophysics i ke ana ʻana i ka pane kino o ka Honua mai ka ʻilikai a i ʻole ka lua wai (e.g., nā nalu seismic , nā kahua uila, ka umekaumaha, a me nā magnetic), ʻoiai ʻo ka petrophics e hilinaʻi nei i ke ʻano o nā waiwai pōhaku a me ke kahe (porosity, permeability, saturation, density, etc.), ʻo ia hoʻi mai nā cores, nā well logs, a me nā hoʻokolohua hale hana. ʻO ka pilina ma waena o nā mea ʻelua e hana i kahi alahaka koʻikoʻi: hāʻawi ka geophysics i ke "kiʻi nui" a hāʻawi ka petrophics i ka "ʻoiaʻiʻo kūloko" i hoʻoponopono ʻia.
Ke kuleana o ka geophysics: ke nānā ʻana i nā ʻano kino a me nā waiwai ma kahi pae nui
ʻAe nā ʻano hana Geophysical iā mākou e "kuhi" i nā kūlana o lalo o ka ʻili me ka ʻole o ka ʻeli ʻana i nā lua he nui. ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka hydrocarbon ʻo ia ka reflection seismicity, kahi e palapala ai i ke geometry o nā papa, nā hewa, a me nā pahele mai nā ʻokoʻa impedance acoustic. Ma waho aʻe o ka seismicity, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano electromagnetic (EM), geoelectrical (resistivity), gravity, a me nā magnetic e wehewehe i nā ʻokoʻa o ka density pōhaku, magnetism, a i ʻole conductivity. ʻO nā pono o ka geophysics ʻo ia kona wahi uhi ākea a me ka hiki ke wehewehe i nā ʻano hana ʻāpana, akā pinepine ia e kū i ka maopopo ʻole: hiki ke wehewehe ʻia kahi anomaly geophysical hoʻokahi e kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona geological like ʻole.
ʻO kēia kahi e komo mai ai ka petrophics, ʻoiai ʻo nā waiwai kino i ana ʻia e ka geophysics e puka mai ana mai nā waiwai o nā pōhaku a me nā wai i loko o nā pores. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻopili nui ʻia ka wikiwiki o ka nalu seismic e ka porosity, mineralogy, a me ke ʻano wai; pēlā nō, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka resistivity e ka saturation wai, ka paʻakai, a me ka pilina pore.
Ke kuleana o ka petrophics: nā wehewehe ʻana i ka honua me ka luawai a me ka ʻikepili laʻana
Hoʻoponopono ʻo Petrophysics i ka ʻikepili log luawai (gamma ray, density, neutron, sonic, resistivity, NMR), ʻikepili kumu, a me nā hopena hoʻāʻo kaomi a me ka hana ʻana e loaʻa ai nā palena waihona: porosity (ϕ), permeability (k), saturation wai (Sw), ka nui o ka shale (Vsh), a me nā waiwai elastic pōhaku. Hāʻawi ka loiloi Petrophysical i ka ʻike kikoʻī ma kahi pae kiʻekiʻe a puni ka luawai. ʻO ka hemahema, he kūloko kēia ʻikepili—e hōʻike ana i nā kiko kikoʻī—e paʻakikī ai ke extrapolate laterally me ke kōkua ʻole o ka geophysics.
Hoʻohui ka pilina Geophysical-petropysics i nā mea ʻelua: hoʻoponopono ka petropysics i ka pane geophysical, ʻoiai ʻo geophysics e hoʻopili a hoʻonui i nā hopena petrophical i ke kahua holoʻokoʻa.
"Unuhi" o nā waiwai petrophysical i ka pane geophysical
Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka pilina ma waena o nā kahua ʻelua ma ke ʻano he moʻo o ka physics pōhaku: ka ʻepekema e hoʻopili ana i nā palena pōhaku (porosity, mineralogy, fluids) i nā palena geophysical (Vp/Vs velocity, density, acoustic impedance, shear impedance, attenuation, a me anisotropy).
1. Seismic a me petrophics
– Hoʻopaʻa ka ōlaʻi i ka ʻokoʻa o ka impedance acoustic (AI = ρ × Vp).
– Hāʻawi ʻo Petrophysics i ka ρ (density) a me Vp (mai nā log sonic) i loko o ka luawai, i hiki ke hana ʻia nā seismograms synthetic e hoʻohālikelike i nā hanana seismic me nā mea hoʻomālamalama geological.
– Hoʻopili pinepine nā ʻokoʻa AI me nā loli i ka lithology a me ka porosity; no ka laʻana, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke one maʻemaʻe a porous ma mua o ka shale denser. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ke alo o ke kinoea ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui iā Vp, e hopena ana i nā anomalies seismic (nā wahi ʻālohilohi) - pono e hōʻoia ʻia e nā petrophysicists me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā log resistivity, nā crossovers density-neutron, a i ʻole ka ʻikepili kaomi.
2. Resistivity/EM a me ka petrophics
– He mea maʻalahi loa nā ʻano Resistivity a me EM i ka conductivity uila o nā pōhaku, ka mea i kāohi nui ʻia e ka wai o ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me ka nui o ka lepo.
– Hoʻohana nā petrophysicists i nā kumu hoʻohālike e like me Archie (no ka pōhaku maʻemaʻe) a i ʻole nā kumu hoʻohālike shaly-one (e.g. Simandoux) e hoʻopili i ka resistivity log i Sw.
– Hiki i ka pilina me nā anamanaʻo EM (e laʻa me CSEM ma ke kai) ke kōkua i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻāpana i kūʻē ma muli o nā hydrocarbons vs. kūʻē ma muli o nā pōhaku a i ʻole nā paʻakai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻikepili petrophysical e hāʻawi i ka pōʻaiapili lithological a me ka saturation.
3. Ke kaumaha a me ka nui o ka paʻa
– Nā ʻano ʻē o ke kaumaha e pili ana i nā ʻokoʻa o ka nui o ka nui (nā kīʻaha sedimentary vs. basement, intrusions, salts).
– Hāʻawi nā log density a me nā ana kumu i nā waiwai density pōhaku, ʻo ia nā mea hoʻokomo koʻikoʻi no ke kumu hoʻohālike umekaumaha. Ma kēia ʻano, hoʻemi ka petropysics i ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o nā wehewehe ʻana ma muli o ka nui o nā hoʻolaha density hiki.
4. Magnetic a me mineralogy
- ʻAno hana makeneka e pane ana i ka magnetism o nā pōhaku, ʻoiai ka nui o nā minelala magnetic e like me ka magnetite.
– Hiki i ka Petrophysics (ma o ka nānā ʻana i ke kumu, mineralogy, a i ʻole nā log kikoʻī) ke kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i ke kumu o nā anomalies magnetic—inā paha mai ka hale lua, ka lua pele, a i ʻole nā papa kikoʻī—i ʻoi aku ka pololei o ka wehewehe ʻana i ke ʻano.
Kaʻina hana pili: mai ka luawai a i ka wahi (luawai a i ke ōlaʻi a ma ʻō aku)
ʻO ka maʻamau, hahai nā pilina Geophysical a me petrophysical i ke ala penei:
1. Ka mana o ka maikaʻi o ka ʻikepili luawai: ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kaiapuni log, ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka hohonu, a me ke koho ʻana i nā wā loiloi.
2. Ka wehewehe ʻana o ka petrophysical: ka hoʻoholo ʻana o Vsh, porosity, Sw, net-to-gross, a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā facies.
3. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke kino pōhaku: ke hoʻokumu ʻana i nā pilina elastic (Vp, Vs, ρ) e pili ana iā ϕ, Vsh, a me ke kahe. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻohana i nā hoʻohālike empirical a theoretical paha (e.g., Gassmann no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kahe).
4. Hoʻopaʻa luawai: hana ʻana i nā seismograms synthetic mai nā log sonic a me ka density, a laila hoʻopaʻa iā lākou i ka ʻikepili seismic e hōʻoia i ka pilina hohonu-manawa.
5. Hoʻohuli Seismic: hoʻololi i ka ʻikepili seismic i nā waiwai e like me AI a i ʻole ka elastic impedance i maʻalahi ke hoʻopili ʻia me nā waiwai reservoir.
6. Wānana waiwai waihona: me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano seismic, AI, a i ʻole nā hopena inversion i hoʻoponopono ʻia e ka petrophysically e palapala i ka porosity, lithology, a i ʻole ka hiki ke hydrocarbon ma ka ʻaoʻao.
7. Hōʻoia kea: ka nānā ʻana i ke kūlike me nā lua ʻē aʻe, nā hoʻāʻo hana, a me nā ʻikepili hou aʻe (EM, umekaumaha, geology ʻili).
Me kēia kahe ʻana, ʻaʻole wale ka petrophics e "hoʻopiha i ka papa waiwai o ka luawai," akā lilo ia i mea nui i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka maopopo ʻole o ka wehewehe ʻana o ka geophysical.
ʻO ka pilikia nui i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea ʻelua
ʻOiai ke kani kūpono nei ke kumumanaʻo o ka pilina, aia nā pilikia i kona hoʻokō ʻia:
– Unahi a me ka hoʻonā: Loaʻa i ka ʻikepili log kahi hoʻonā o ke kenimika-desimika, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻikepili seismic he hoʻonā o nā mika-ʻumi mika. Hiki ke "hui pū ʻia" nā moena lahilahi i ka pane seismic, no laila ʻaʻole pololei mau ka pilina log-seismic pololei.
– ʻAʻole kū hoʻokahi: Hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia nā anomalies seismic a i ʻole EM e kekahi mau kumu like ʻole (lithology, porosity, fluids). Pono ka physics pōhaku a me nā kaohi geological e hoʻokaʻawale i kēia mau hopena.
– Anisotropy a me ka heterogeneity: Hiki i nā waihona shale papa a i ʻole nā waihona haki ke hōʻike i ka anisotropy elastic, e hana ana iā Vp/Vs a me nā amplitudes seismic e hilinaʻi ana i ke kuhikuhi. Pono kēia i nā ala holomua, e like me ka nānā ʻana o AVO/AVA a me ka azimuthal anisotropy.
– Ka hopena o ka lepo a me ka wai paʻakai: ma ke kū'ē'ē ʻana, hiki i nā loli liʻiliʻi i ka paʻakai a i ʻole ka nui o ka lepo ke hoʻololi nui i ka wehewehe ʻana o Sw. He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ke kumu hoʻohālike shaly-one.
– Ka maikaʻi o ka ʻikepili: Hiki i ka walaʻau lū, ka statics maikaʻi ʻole, a i ʻole nā moʻolelo luawai piha ʻole ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka maikaʻi o ka pilina. Me ka ʻole o ka QC koʻikoʻi, hiki ke alakaʻi hewa nā hopena hoʻohui.
Nā pōmaikaʻi o ka pilina: nā hoʻoholo ʻimi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻike hou aku
He hopena koʻikoʻi ka pilina o nā ʻano hana geophysical a me petrophysical i nā hoʻoholo loea a me ka hoʻokele waiwai. I ka ʻimi ʻana, kōkua kēia hoʻohui i ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea e hiki mai ana, loiloi i nā pilikia (uku, waihona, sila), a koho i nā wahi ʻeli kūpono. I ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kahua, hoʻohana ʻia ka pilina no ke kumu hoʻohālike waihona static (facies distribution and porosity), ka palapala ʻana i nā wahi momona, a me ke alakaʻi ʻana i nā hoʻolālā hana a me ka injection.
I loko o ka geothermal, hiki i ka pilina seismic/magnetotelluric (MT) me ka ʻikepili petrophysical ke kōkua i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻāpana hoʻololi lepo conductive, nā ʻāpana waihona permeable, a me ka pōhaku cap. I loko o ka wai honua , ʻo ka pilina resistivity me ka ʻikepili luawai a me nā hoʻāʻo pumping e kōkua i ka helu ʻana i ka mānoanoa o ka aquifer a me ka maikaʻi o ka wai. I loko o nā minelala, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka ʻikepili gravity-magnetic me ka ʻikepili density/mineralogy mai nā cores e hoʻoikaika i ka wehewehe ʻana i ke geometry kino ore.
Pani
ʻO ka pilina ma waena o nā ʻano hana geophysical a me petrophysical he hoʻāʻo ia e hoʻohui i nā kuanaʻike ʻāina a me nā ʻoiaʻiʻo kūloko. Hāʻawi ʻo Geophysics i nā palapala ʻāina ākea o nā hale a me nā ʻano waiwai kino, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻano hana petrophysical e hāʻawi i nā pōhaku hiki ke ana ʻia a me nā palena wai e hoʻoponopono a hōʻoia i nā wehewehe. Ma o ka physics pōhaku, nā pilina luawai, ka hoʻohuli ʻana, a me ka hōʻoia iterative, hiki i ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā mea ʻelua ke hōʻemi i ka non-uniqueness, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pololei o ka palapala ʻāina waihona, a hoʻoikaika i ke kumu no ka hoʻoholo ʻana. I loko o ka honua paʻakikī o ka ʻimi ʻana a me ke ʻano o ka subsurface, ʻaʻole he koho koho ka synergy geophysical-petrophics, akā he mea nui ia.
