Tsarin da Tarihin Mutum-mutumin 'Yanci
Mutum-mutumin 'Yanci, wanda aka fi sani da "Haskaka Duniya da 'Yanci," yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mutane a duniya. Yana tsaye a Tsibirin Liberty da ke New York Harbor, Amurka, ya zama alamar 'yanci, bege, da dama ga miliyoyin mutane da suka gan shi. Wannan labarin zai bayyana tarihi da ƙirƙirar Mutum-mutumin 'Yanci, da kuma ma'anarsa da tasirinsa.
Tarihin Mutum-mutumin 'Yanci
Tukunyar 'Yanci kyauta ce daga mutanen Faransa zuwa Amurka , don tunawa da cika shekaru 100 na 'yancin kai na Amurka da kuma bikin abota tsakanin kasashen biyu. Édouard René de Laboulaye, wani masanin shari'a kuma masanin kimiyyar siyasa na Faransa ne ya fara gabatar da wannan ra'ayi, wanda ya yi hasashen wannan kyautar alama a matsayin shaida ga abota da jajircewa ga dabi'un 'yanci da dimokuradiyya da kasashen biyu ke jagoranta.
An fara aikin ne a shekarar 1865, shekaru takwas kacal bayan ƙarshen Yaƙin Basasa na Amurka , lokacin da Laboulaye ya gabatar da ra'ayin ga fitaccen mai sassaka ɗan Faransa Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi. Bartholdi ya amince ya jagoranci aikin kuma ya fara tsara mutum-mutumin da zai zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan tarihi a duniya.
Yin Mutum-mutumin 'Yanci
Zane da Tattara Kuɗi
Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi ta tsara wannan mutum-mutumin da ke nuna wata mata sanye da riga ta zamani, da hannunta na dama tana riƙe da tocila mai harshen wuta a matsayin alamar wayewa da hannunta na hagu tana riƙe da allunan da aka rubuta da "YULI IV MDCCLXXVI" (Yuli 4, 1776), ranar tunawa da ' yancin kai na Amurka . A ƙafafun mutum-mutumin akwai sarƙoƙi da suka karye, waɗanda ke nuna 'yanci daga bauta da zalunci.
Domin cimma wannan babban hangen nesa, an buƙaci kuɗi mai yawa. A Faransa, an tara kuɗi galibi ta hanyar gudummawar mutane, caca, da nunin fasaha. A halin yanzu, a Amurka, ƙoƙarin tara kuɗi ya haɗa da kamfen ɗin da mujallar "New York World" ta Joseph Pulitzer ta yi wanda ke kira ga Amurkawa da su ba da gudummawa ga wannan babban aikin.
Masana'antu da Gine-gine a Faransa
An fara gina mutum-mutumin a Faransa a shekarar 1875 kuma an kammala shi a shekarar 1884. An yi shi da zanen tagulla na siminti sannan aka ɗora shi a kan wani ƙarfe da Gustave Eiffel ya tsara, wanda daga baya ya shahara da hasumiyar da ke ɗauke da sunansa a Paris. Injiniyan Eiffel na kirkire-kirkire ya tabbatar da cewa mutum-mutumin zai tsaya da ƙarfi kuma ya jure iska mai ƙarfi da yanayi mai tsauri.
Bayan kammala aikin, an wargaza mutum-mutumin zuwa sassa daban-daban guda 350 sannan aka naɗe shi cikin akwatuna 214 don jigilar kaya zuwa Amurka. Wannan doguwar tafiya an yi ta ne ta teku, kuma ta isa tashar jiragen ruwa ta New York a ranar 17 ga Yuni, 1885.
Gine-gine a Amurka
A Amurka, an ci gaba da gina ginin mutum-mutumin a lokaci guda da gininsa a Faransa. An kuma tara kuɗaɗen wannan babban sansanin ta hanyar gudummawar jama'a. Mai zane-zanen Amurka Richard Morris Hunt ya tsara ginin dutse mai tsayin mita 47 wanda ke tallafawa mutum-mutumin tagulla.
Bayan isowarsu Amurka, an haɗa sassan mutum-mutumin aka sake haɗa su. Wannan tsari ya ɗauki kimanin watanni huɗu, kuma a ƙarshe, a ranar 28 ga Oktoba, 1886, Shugaba Grover Cleveland ya buɗe Statue of Liberty a wani babban biki a gaban dubban mutane.
Ma'ana da Tasirin Mutum-mutumin 'Yanci
Mutum-mutumin 'Yanci ba wai kawai kyauta ce ta diflomasiyya ba, har ma da alamar 'yanci da karɓuwa. Tun lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da shi, mutum-mutumin ya kasance abin haskakawa ga baƙi da ke shiga Amurka ta Tsibirin Ellis. Yawancin baƙi suna ɗaukar ganin farko na Mutum-mutumin 'Yanci a matsayin alamar bege da sabon farawa a ƙasar da ke alƙawarin 'yanci.
Mutum-mutumin yana kuma kira da a bi ƙa'idodin dimokuraɗiyya da juriya ga zalunci da zalunci. Kalmomin da aka sassaka a kan allunan da mutum-mutumin da aka kunna da tocila, waɗanda aka haskaka da dare, sun zama sanannen alama ta manufofin da waɗanda suka kafa Amurka suka yi imani da su.
Statue of Liberty ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin tushen kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa daban-daban a Amurka. Misali, a farkon ƙarni na 20, an yi amfani da shi a yaƙin neman zaɓe na mata. Hakazalika, a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu da Yaƙin Cacar Baki, mutum-mutumin ya zama alama ta gwagwarmayar yaƙi da mulkin kama-karya da kuma yaɗuwar dimokuraɗiyya mai sassaucin ra'ayi.
Baya ga kasancewarsa alama ta siyasa da zamantakewa, Statue of Liberty shi ma wani abu ne na al'adu, wanda aka nuna a cikin ayyukan fasaha, adabi, fina-finai, da kiɗa daban-daban. Masu fasaha da marubuta da yawa, waɗanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare su da kyawunsa da ma'anarsa mai zurfi, sun bayyana mutum-mutumin a matsayin alamar 'yanci da kerawa.
Kulawa da Inganta Mutum-mutumin 'Yanci
A tsawon lokaci, an yi gyare-gyare da dama da gyaran Statue of Liberty domin tabbatar da tsawon rai da kyawunsa. Ɗaya daga cikin gyare-gyare mafi girma ya faru ne daga 1984 zuwa 1986, kafin cika shekaru 100 da kafa mutum-mutumin. A lokacin wannan gyaran, an maye gurbin firam ɗin ƙarfe na mutum-mutumin da sabon firam mai jure tsatsa, an sake kunna fitilar asali da sabon haske, kuma an yi wasu gyare-gyare daban-daban na tsarin.
A shekarar 2011, an yi gyare-gyare a Tsibirin Liberty da kuma Statue of Liberty don inganta kwarewar baƙi da kuma ƙarfafa tsarin. Waɗannan gyare-gyaren sun haɗa da inganta hanyoyin shiga da tsaro, da kuma sake buɗe kambin mutum-mutumin ga jama'a.
Kammalawa
Mutum-mutumin 'Yanci ba wai kawai wani babban aiki ne na fasaha ba; yana isar da saƙo mai zurfi na 'yanci, bege, da gwagwarmayar ɗan adam don cimma manyan dabi'u. Tun daga ƙirƙirarsa, haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi tsakanin manyan ƙasashe biyu, zuwa rawar da yake takawa a matsayin alama da ke haskaka hanya ga waɗanda ke neman rayuwa mafi kyau, mutum-mutumin ya kasance fitila a zukatan mutane da yawa. Ta hanyar lokaci da canji, Mutum-mutumin 'Yanci ya ci gaba da zaburar da duniya da saƙon 'yanci da jarumtaka, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan tarihi mafi daraja da aka sani a duniya.
