Tambayoyi misali da dabarun faɗaɗawa
1. Ruwan da ake amfani da shi wajen cike ma'aunin zafi da sanyi an yi shi ne da sinadarin mercury ko barasa. Tushen yin wannan ma'aunin zafi da sanyi shine ƙa'idar canji...
A. Yawan faɗaɗa mercury sakamakon canjin zafin jiki
B. sha zafi saboda canje-canje a yanayin zafin mercury
C. matsin lamba sakamakon canje-canje a zafin jiki a cikin mercury
D. girma sakamakon canje-canje a zafin jiki a cikin mercury
Tattaunawa
Girman abu yana canzawa idan zafinsa ya canza. Gabaɗaya, idan zafin ya ƙaru, ƙarar tana ƙaruwa, akasin haka, idan zafin ya ragu, ƙarar tana raguwa. Wannan kuma ya shafi mercury da barasa.
Amsar da ta dace ita ce D.
2. Kalli hoton bimetal a zafin jiki na 26 oC a ƙasa!
Lokacin da aka dumama bimetal zuwa digiri 50oC, abubuwan da suka faru sun kasance kamar haka:
|
A'a |
Lanƙwasa na bimetal |
Saboda ma'aunin faɗaɗa layin ƙarfe (a) |
|
1 |
Zuwa ga ƙarfe (a) |
Ya fi ma'aunin faɗaɗa layin ƙarfe girma (b) |
|
2 |
Zuwa ga ƙarfe (b) |
Ya fi ma'aunin faɗaɗa layin ƙarfe girma (b) |
|
3 |
Zuwa ga ƙarfe (a) |
Ƙarami fiye da ma'aunin faɗaɗa layin ƙarfe (b) |
|
4 |
Zuwa ga ƙarfe (b) |
Ƙarami fiye da ma'aunin faɗaɗa layin ƙarfe (b) |
Alkiblar lanƙwasa da kuma dalilin da ya dace an nuna su ta hanyar….
A. (1) da (2)
B. (1) da (4)
C. (2) da (3)
D. (3) da (4)
Tattaunawa
Bimetal haɗin ƙarfe ne guda biyu waɗanda ke da ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi daban-daban, inda wani ƙarfe yana da ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi mafi girma yayin da ɗayan ƙarfe yana da ƙaramin ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi.
Idan zafin ƙarfe ya ƙaru, ƙarfen yana fuskantar faɗaɗa tsawonsa (tsawon ƙarfen yana ƙaruwa), akasin haka, idan zafin ƙarfen ya ragu, ƙarfen yana fuskantar ƙanƙantar tsayi (tsawon ƙarfen yana raguwa). Don ƙaruwar zafin jiki iri ɗaya, sassan ƙarfe guda biyu suna faɗaɗa tare da tsayi daban-daban. Ƙarfe mai babban ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi yana fuskantar ƙaruwar tsayi, yayin da ƙarfe mai ƙaramin ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi yake fuskantar ƙaruwar tsayi kaɗan. Haka nan, don raguwar zafin jiki iri ɗaya, sassan ƙarfe guda biyu suna raguwa tare da raguwar tsayi daban-daban. Ƙarfe mai babban ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi yana fuskantar raguwar tsayi mafi girma, yayin da ƙarfe mai ƙaramin ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi yake fuskantar raguwar tsayi kaɗan.
Saboda haka, lokacin da zafin bimetal ya ƙaru, tsirin ƙarfe mai girman ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi yana lanƙwasa zuwa tsirin ƙarfe tare da ƙaramin ma'aunin. Me yasa haka? Domin wannan yanayin yana bawa tsirin ƙarfe mai girman ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi ya zama tsayi fiye da tsirin ƙarfe tare da ƙaramin ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi.
Akasin haka, lokacin da zafin bimetal ya ragu, tsirin ƙarfe mai ƙaramin ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi yana lanƙwasa zuwa ga ƙarfe tare da babban ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi. Wannan yanayin yana ba da damar tsirin ƙarfe mai babban ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi ya zama gajere fiye da tsirin ƙarfe tare da ƙaramin ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi.
Amsar da ta dace ita ce C.
3. Sanduna biyu da farko kowannensu tsawonsu mita 10 ne. Sandunan biyu an yi su ne da ƙarfe da aluminum tare da ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi na 11 x 10 bi da bi.-6 /oC da 24 x 10-6 /oC. Bayan zafin jiki ya ƙaru da 40oC, tsawon sandunan ƙarfe da na aluminum bi da bi suna zama...
A. mita 10,044 da mita 10,096
B. 10,0044 m da 10,0096 m
C. mita 10,096 da mita 10,044
D. 10,0096 m da 10,0044 m
Tattaunawa
An san cewa:
Tsawon farko (L)o) sandar ƙarfe = mita 10
Tsawon farko (L)o) sandar aluminum = mita 10
Ma'aunin faɗaɗa layin ƙarfe (α) = 11 x 10-6 /oC
Ma'aunin faɗaɗa layin aluminum (α) = 24 x 10-6 /oC
Canjin zafin jiki (ΔT) = 40oC
Tambaya: Tsawon sandunan ƙarfe da aluminum bayan yanayin zafi ya ƙaru
Amsa:
Tsarin faɗaɗa tsawon:
L = Lo + ΔL
L = Lo + α Lo ΔT
Tsawon sandar ƙarfe bayan zafin jiki ya ƙaru:
L = Lo + α Lo ΔT
L = 10 + (11 x 10)-6)(10)(40)
L = 10 + (11 x 10)-6(400)
L = 10 + (4400 x 10)-6)
L = 10 + 0,0044
L = mita 10,0044
Tsawon sandar aluminum bayan zafin jiki ya ƙaru:
L = Lo + α Lo ΔT)
L = 10 + (24 x 10)-6)(10)(40)
L = 10 + (24 x 10)-6(400)
L = 10 + (9600 x 10)-6)
L = 10 + 0,0096
L = mita 10,0096
Amsar da ta dace ita ce B.
4. Sanda mai ƙarfe mai ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi α yana da tsawon l a zafin jiki na 25oC. Idan an yi masa zafi zuwa 30oC, yana fuskantar ƙaruwar tsayin Δl. Idan aka yanke ƙarfen zuwa 1/3 na tsawonsa na asali, tsawon yana ƙaruwa idan aka dumama shi zuwa zafin jiki na 35oC shine….
A. 2/3 Δl
B. 3/2 Δl
C. 5/3 Δl
D. 5/2 Δl
Tattaunawa
An san cewa:
Idan
Ma'aunin faɗaɗa layin ƙarfe (α) = α
Tsawon farko na ƙarfe (L)o) = l
Ƙara yawan zafin jiki (ΔT) = 30oC - 25oC=5oC
Maka
Ƙara tsayi (ΔL) = Δl
Tambaya: Idan lo = 1/3 l kuma ΔT = 35oC - 25oC=10oC sannan ƙaruwar tsayi = …….. ?
Amsa:
Lissafa ma'aunin faɗaɗa layin ƙarfe (α) ta amfani da dabarar ƙaruwar tsawon ƙarfe:
Yi amfani da wannan ma'aunin ƙimar faɗaɗawa ta layi don ƙididdige ƙaruwar tsawon ƙarfe lokacin da zafinsa ya canza daga 25 o C zuwa 35 o C.
Amsar da ta dace ita ce A.
5. A zafin jiki na 20oC, tsawon sandar aluminum shine 200 cm. Idan an dumama shi zuwa zafin jiki na 100oC tsawon yana ƙaruwa da 0,00384 m. Idan a zafin jiki na 20oC akwai ƙwallon da aka yi da irin wannan kayan aluminum, don haka domin ƙarar ƙwallon ta ƙaru da kashi 1% na ƙarar ƙwallon asali, dole ne a dumama ƙwallon zuwa zafin jiki...
A. 139oC
B. 159oC
C. 208oC
D. 228oC
Tattaunawa
An san cewa:
Tsawon farko na sandar aluminum (L)o) = 200 cm = mita 2
Canjin zafin jiki (ΔT) = 100oC - 20oC=80oC
Ƙara tsayi (Δl) = mita 0,00384
Tambaya: Domin girman ƙwallon ya ƙaru da kashi 1% daga girman ƙwallon na asali, dole ne a dumama ƙwallon zuwa zafin...
Amsa:
Lissafa tsawon ma'aunin sandar aluminum ta amfani da dabarar ƙaruwar tsawon:
Ma'aunin faɗaɗa girma na aluminum (β) = 3 x ma'aunin faɗaɗawa na tsayi (α) = 3 (0,000024) = 0,000072
An san cewa:
Asali girman ƙwallon = V
Ƙara yawan ƙwallon aluminum (ΔV) = (1%) (V) = (1/100) (V) = V/100
Ƙara yawan zafin jiki (ΔT) = T – 20
An tambaya: Ana dumama ƙwallon zuwa zafin jiki (T) = ….. ?
Amsa:
Amsar da ta dace ita ce B.
6. Farantin ƙarfe mai zagaye yana da ramuka masu zagaye a tsakiya. Idan aka dumama farantin to...
A. Diamita na farantin yana ƙaruwa kuma diamita na ramin yana raguwa
B. Diamita na farantin yana raguwa kuma diamita na ramin yana ƙaruwa
C. diamita na farantin yana ƙaruwa kuma diamita na ramin yana ƙaruwa
D. diamita na farantin yana raguwa kuma diamita na ramin yana raguwa
Tattaunawa
Tsarin yankin da'ira (A):
A = π r2
Tsarin diamita na da'ira (D):
D = 2 r
Idan aka yi wa farantin ƙarfe zafi, yankin (A) na farantin ƙarfe yana ƙaruwa. Idan yankin farantin ƙarfe ya ƙaru, diamita (D) ko radius (r) na farantin ƙarfe yana ƙaruwa. Idan diamita (D) ko radius (r) na farantin ƙarfe ya ƙaru, diamita da radius na ramin suna ƙaruwa.
Amsar da ta dace ita ce C.
7. An yi firam ɗin gilashin ido guda biyu da filastik wanda ke da ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi na 1,3 x 10-4 (oC)-1. Ramin ruwan tabarau suna da zagaye tare da radius na 2,2 cm. Domin ramukan ruwan tabarau su iya ɗaukar ruwan tabarau masu radius na 2,21 cm, dole ne a dumama firam ɗin gilashin ido har sai zafin ya canza da….
A. 25oC
B. 35oC
C. 45oC
D. 55oC
Tattaunawa
An san cewa:
Ma'aunin faɗaɗa filastik mai layi (α) = 1,3 x 10-4 (oC-1)
Radius na ramin ruwan tabarau (r)1) = radius na ramin ruwan tabarau na farko = 2,2 cm
Radius na ramin ruwan tabarau bayan dumama (r)2= 2,21 cm
Tambaya: Canjin zafin firam ɗin gilashin ido
Amsa:
Domin a iya sanya ramin ruwan tabarau da ruwan tabarau mai radius na 2,21 cm, bayan an dumama, dole ne ruwan tabarau ya ƙaru da 2,21 cm – 2,20 cm = 0,01 cm.
Ma'aunin faɗaɗa yankin farantin ƙarfe (β) = ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi na 2 x (α) = 2 x 1,3 x 10-4 oC-1 = 2,6 x10-4 oC-1
Canje-canje a yanayin zafi:
Amsar da ta dace ita ce B.
8. A cikin hoton da ke ƙasa, akwai gibi tsakanin layukan jirgin ƙasa guda biyu da aka yi da ƙarfe. An yi nufin wannan gibin ne...
A. Ƙarfin gogayya idan jirgin ƙasa ya ratsa ya zama ƙarami.
B. Girgizar da jirgin ke yi lokacin da ya wuce ya zama ƙarami.
C. Layukan jirgin ƙasa ba sa lanƙwasawa lokacin da ƙarfen ya faɗaɗa
D. Layukan jirgin ƙasa ba sa lanƙwasawa idan jirgin ƙasa ya wuce su.
Tattaunawa
Ana yin layukan dogo da ƙarfe, wanda ke faɗaɗa cikin sauƙi idan yanayin zafi ya canza. A rana mai zafi, zafin layukan dogo yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke sa su faɗaɗa. Lokacin da layukan dogo ke shafawa da ƙafafun jirgin ƙasa, zafin ma yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke sa su faɗaɗa. Saboda haka, gibin da ke tsakanin layukan dogo biyu yana hana layukan dogo lanƙwasa lokacin da ƙarfen ya faɗaɗa.
Amsar da ta dace ita ce C.
9.
Ana sanya wa ƙarfen lantarki na'urar dumama zafi wadda ke yanke wutar lantarki ta atomatik idan ƙarfen ya kai wani zafin jiki. Ƙaruwar zafin jiki yana sa tsiri mai kama da ƙarfe ya lanƙwasa, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton. Wannan yana faruwa ne saboda…
A. Takamaiman zafin ƙarfe (B) ya fi takamaiman zafin ƙarfe (A)
B. Takamaiman zafin ƙarfe (B) ya fi ƙanƙanta da takamaiman zafin ƙarfe (A)
C. Ma'aunin faɗaɗar ƙarfe ta layi (B) ya fi ma'aunin faɗaɗar ƙarfe ta layi (A) girma
D. Ma'aunin faɗaɗa ƙarfe (B) ya fi ƙanƙanta fiye da ma'aunin faɗaɗa ƙarfe (A)
Tattaunawa
Bimetal ya ƙunshi ƙarfe A da ƙarfe B waɗanda ke da ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi daban-daban. Dangane da hoton da ke sama, lokacin da zafin jiki ya ƙaru, ƙarfe A ya bayyana yana lanƙwasa zuwa ga ƙarfe B. Don haka, za a iya kammala da cewa don wannan ƙaruwar zafin jiki, ƙarfe A yana fuskantar faɗaɗa layi yayin da ƙarfe B ke da ƙarancin faɗaɗa layi. Ƙaruwar tsawon ƙarfe A ya fi na ƙarfe B girma, saboda haka ƙarfe A yana da ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi fiye da ƙarfe B.
Amsar da ta dace ita ce D.
Tushen tambaya:
Tambayoyin OSN na Makarantar Sakandare ta Junior Physics
