1. Ƙarfin ruwan tabarau na gilashi shine -2 Diopters. Nisa tsakanin ido da gilashin ido shine 2 cm.
(a) Gilashin ido yana da ruwan tabarau mai haɗuwa ko ruwan tabarau mai bambantawa?
(b) Menene tsawon firikwensin ruwan tabarau?
(c) Idon da ke ganin nesa ko idon da ke ganin nesa? Idan yana ganin nesa, to menene zai zama babban abin da zai faru?
An sani:
Ƙarfin ruwan tabarau (P) = -2 Diopters
Magani:
(a) Ruwan tabarau mai haɗuwa ko ruwan tabarau mai bambanta
Alamar da ke nuna ƙarfin ruwan tabarau tana nuna cewa ruwan tabarau mai bambanta ne.
(b) Tsawon mai da hankali
P = 1/f
-2 = 1/f
f = 1/-2 = -0.5 m = -50 cm
Tsawon ruwan tabarau mai bambanta shine 50 cm.
(c) Idon da ke ganin nesa ko idon da ke ganin nesa?
-1/ d i = 1/f – 1/ d o
-1/ d i = -1/50 – 1/~ = -1/50 – 0
-1/ d i = -1/50
d i = 50 cm
Nisa tsakanin hoton da idon da ke nesa shine 5 0 cm + 2 cm = 52 cm . 52 cm shine nisa tsakanin idon da ke nesa. Ga idon da ke daidai, nesa tsakanin idon da ke nesa shine rashin iyaka.
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2. Ƙarfin ruwan tabarau na gilashi shine Diopters 4. Nisa tsakanin ido da gilashin ido shine cm 2.
(a) Gilashin ido yana da ruwan tabarau mai haɗuwa ko ruwan tabarau mai bambanta?
(b) Menene tsawon firikwensin ruwan tabarau?
(c) Idon da ke ganin nesa ko idon da ke ganin nesa ? Idan an ga nesa, to me zai faru nan gaba?
An sani:
Ƙarfin ruwan tabarau (P) = Diopters 4
Magani:
(a) Ruwan tabarau mai haɗuwa ko ruwan tabarau mai bambanta
Alamar da ke nuna ƙarfin ruwan tabarau tana nuna cewa ruwan tabarau yana haɗuwa.
(b) Tsawon mai da hankali
P = 1/f
4 = 1/f
f = 1/4 = 0.25 m = 25 cm
Tsawon mai da hankali na ruwan tabarau mai haɗuwa shine 25 cm.
(c) Idon da ke ganin nesa ko idon da ke ganin nesa?
-1/ d i = 1/f – 1/ d o
-1/ d i = 1/25 – 1/23 = 23/575 – 25/575 = -2/575
– d i = 575/-2 = -287.5 cm = -2.875 m eters
d i = 287.5 cm = mita 2.875 a s
Nisa tsakanin hoton da idon da ke kusa da idon shine 287.5 cm + 2 cm = 289.5 cm . 289.5 cm shine kusa tsakanin idon da ke kusa da idon da ke kusa da idon. Ga idon da ke daidai, kusa tsakanin idon shine 25 cm.
3. Ido yana da kusan santimita 16 da kuma nisa santimita 80. Idan yana amfani da tabarau, zai iya ganin abubuwa masu nisa a sarari. Ta amfani da gilashin ido, nisan abin da ya fi kusa da shi da za a iya gani a sarari shine….
A. 13 1/3 cm
B. 20 cm
C. 36 cm
D. 48 1/3 cm
An sani:
Nisan mutumin shine santimita 80, saboda haka, an kammala da cewa mutumin yana fama da rashin ganin kusa. Rashin ganin kusa da ruwan tabarau ke haifarwa ya fi lanƙwasa fiye da yadda ya kamata ya kasance a idon yau da kullun don haka tsawon hankali na ruwan tabarau na ido ya ragu. Wannan yana haifar da hasken haske daga nesa mara iyaka (mai nisa) ba ya mai da hankali kan retina amma yana mai da hankali a gaban retina.
Ana so: Nisa daga abin da ya fi kusa da za a iya gani a sarari ta amfani da gilashin
Magani:
Nisan mutumin shine santimita 80. Gilashin gilashin ido ya kamata ya samar da hoto a nisan santimita 80 a gabansa. Hoton yana gaban idanu da gilashin ido domin hoton ya kasance na kama-da-wane kuma a tsaye. Don haka nisan hoton (d') = -80 cm. Idan mutumin yana sanye da gilashin ido, zai iya ganin abubuwa masu nisa sosai. Don haka nisan abin (d) = nisan ido na yau da kullun = rashin iyaka = ~.
Tsawon hankali na ruwan tabarau na ido:
1/f = 1/d + 1/d'
1/f = 1/~ + (- 1/80)
1/f = 0 – 1/80
1/f = – 1/80
f = – 80 / 1
f = – 80 cm
Tsawon da aka sanya wa ido alama mara kyau yana nufin ruwan tabarau na gilashin ido da aka yi amfani da shi shine ruwan tabarau mai siffar ƙwallo ko ruwan tabarau mai bambantawa.
Idan mutumin yana amfani da gilashin ido iri ɗaya to, yaya kusancin abin da ya fi kusa da za a iya gani a sarari yake? Tsawon ruwan tabarau (f) = -80 cm. Ruwan tabarau ya kamata ya samar da hoto a nisan santimita 16 a gaban ido da ruwan tabarau, ta yadda hoton zai kasance kama-da-wane kuma an sanya shi a hannu ko kuma ba shi da hannu. Don haka nisan hoton (d') = -16 cm.
1 / d = 1 / f – 1 / d' = -1/80 – (-1/16) = -1/80 + 1/16 = -1/80 + 5/80 = 4/80
d = 80/4 = 20 cm.
Abu mafi kusa da za a iya gani a sarari shine santimita 20.
Amsar da ta dace ita ce B.
4. Dangane da wannan adadi, za a iya kammala da cewa…
Magani:
 |
 |
|
Ido mai hangen nesa |
Ido mai hangen nesa + ruwan tabarau mai haɗuwa |
Ruwan tabarau mai juyawa = ruwan tabarau mai juyawa = ruwan tabarau mai kyau
Amsar da ta dace ita ce B.
5. Kusan wurin da mai fama da hypermetropy yake shine mita 2. Domin ganin mutumin da ke da ido daidai to yana buƙatar amfani da gilashin ido…
A. -1.5 Diopters
B. -2.5 Diopters
C. +3.5 Diopters
D. +4.5 Diopters
An sani:
Kusa da inda masu fama da hypermetropy ke kaiwa (nesa-nesa) = mita 2
Kusa da idon da aka saba gani = 25 cm = mita 0.25
Ana so: Ƙarfin gilashin ruwan tabarau
Magani:
Gilashin ya kamata ya samar da hoto a nisan mita 2 a gaban ido don hoton ya kasance na kama-da-wane kuma an sanya shi a matsayin koren launi. Don haka nisan hoton (d') = – mita 2.
Domin a gani kamar mutumin da ke da ido na yau da kullun, nisan abin (d) = kusa da ido na yau da kullun = 25 cm = mita 0.25.
Tsawon mai da hankali na gilashin ido:
1/f = 1/d + 1/d'
1/f = 1/0.25 + (-1/2) = 1/0.25 – 1/2 = 8/2 – 1/2 = 7/2
f = 2/7
Tsawon da aka yiwa alama mai kyau yana nufin cewa ruwan tabarau na gilashin da aka yi amfani da shi shine ruwan tabarau mai kyau ko ruwan tabarau mai convex ko ruwan tabarau mai haɗuwa.
Ƙarfin ruwan tabarau:
P = 1 / f = 1: 2/7 = 1 x 7/2 = 7/2 = +3.5 Diopters
Madaidaicin amsar ita ce C.
[wpdm_package id='870′]
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