1. An sanya wani abu mai tsayin santimita 5 a nisan santimita 15 daga ruwan tabarau mai bambancin tsayin santimita 30. A ƙayyade nisan hoton , girman hoton, tsayin hoton, da kuma halayen hoton.
An sani:
Tsawon mai da hankali (f) = -30 cm
Alamar ragewa tana nuna cewa wurin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai yana kama da na zahiri ko kuma haskoki ba sa ratsawa ta wurin.
Tsawon abu (h o ) = 5 cm
Nisa tsakanin abu (d o ) = 15 cm
Ana so: Nisa ta hoton (d i ), girman hoton (m), tsayin hoton (h i ) da kuma halayen hoton.
Magani:
Tsarin hoto ta hanyar ruwan tabarau masu bambanta:
Nisa ta hoton (d i ):
1/d i = 1/f – 1/d o = -1/30 – 1/15 = -1/30 – 2/30 = -3/30
d i = -30/3 = -10 cm
Alamar ragewa tana nuna cewa hoton na kama-da-wane ne ko kuma haskoki ba sa ratsa hoton.
Girman hoto (m):
m = – d i / d o = -(-10)/15 = 10/15 = 2/3
Alamar da aka ƙara tana nuna cewa hoton yana tsaye.
Hoton ya fi ƙanƙanta da abu da kashi 2/3.
Tsawon hoton (h i ):
m = h i / h o
h i = mh o = (2/3)5 = 10/3 = 3.3 cm
Alamar da aka ƙara tana nuna cewa hoton yana tsaye.
Halayen hoton:
Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da madubi mai bambantawa wajen ƙirƙirar hoton:
- kama-da-wane
- tsaye
– hoton ya fi ƙanƙanta da abin
– Nisa ta hoton ta fi ta abin ƙanƙanta
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2. An sanya wani abu mai tsayin santimita 10 a nisan santimita 60 daga ruwan tabarau mai bambancin tsayin santimita 30. A tantance nisan hoton, girman hoton, tsayin hoton, da kuma halayen hoton.
An sani:
Tsawon mai da hankali (f) = -30 cm
Alamar ragewa tana nuna cewa wurin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai yana kama da na zahiri ko kuma haskoki ba sa ratsawa ta wurin.
Tsawon abu (h) = 10 cm
Nisa tsakanin abu (d o ) = 60 cm
Ana so: Nisa ta hoto (d i ), girman hoto (m), tsayin hoton (h i ) da halayen hoton
Magani:
Tsarin hoto ta hanyar ruwan tabarau masu bambanta:
Nisa ta hoton (d i ):
1/d i = 1/f – 1/d o = -1/30 – 1/60 = -2/60 – 1/60 = -3/60
d i = -60/3 = -20 cm
Alamar ragewa tana nuna cewa hoton na kama-da-wane ne ko kuma haskoki ba sa ratsa hoton.
Girman hoto (m):
m = -d i /d o = -(-20)/60 = 20/60 = 1/3
Alamar da aka ƙara tana nuna cewa hoton yana tsaye.
Hoton ya fi ƙanƙanta da abu da kashi 1/3.
Tsawon hoton (h i ):
m = h i / h o
h i = mh o = (1/3)10 = 10/3 = 3.3 cm
Alamar da aka ƙara tana nuna cewa hoton yana tsaye.
Kayayyakin hoto
- kama-da-wane saboda haskoki ba sa ratsa hoton
- tsaye
– hoton ya fi ƙanƙanta da abin
– Nisa ta hoton ta fi ta abin ƙanƙanta
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