Fahimtar Dokar Pascal
Ta yaya jak/lift na hydraulic yake aiki idan ana amfani da shi don ɗaga mota? Ta yaya birki na hydraulic yake aiki idan ana amfani da shi don rage gudu a mota?
Kamar yadda muka koya a cikin maudu'in Matsi na Ruwa , kowace ruwa tana yin matsi a kan duk abubuwan da ta taɓa. Ruwan da muka saka a cikin gilashi yana yin matsi a bangon gilashin. Haka nan, lokacin da muka yi wanka a cikin wurin wanka ko ruwan teku, ruwan yana yin matsi a jikinmu gaba ɗaya.
Jimillar matsin lamba a wani zurfin da aka ƙayyade, misali, matsin lamba a ruwan teku a zurfin mita 200, shine jimlar matsin lamba a sararin samaniya da aka yi a saman teku da kuma matsin lamba da aka auna a zurfin mita 200. Don haka, ban da saman saman ruwa da ke yin matsin lamba a kan ruwan da ke ƙasa da shi, akwai kuma yanayi, ko iska, da ke yin matsin lamba a saman teku.
Matsin da Layer ɗin ruwa da ke sama ke yi za a iya bayyana shi a matsayin matsin lamba na ciki saboda yana farawa ne daga cikin ruwan, yayin da matsin lamba na yanayi za a iya bayyana shi a matsayin matsin lamba na waje saboda yanayin ya bambanta da ruwan. Matsin lamba na yanayi yana aiki akan dukkan saman ruwan kuma ana watsa shi a cikin ruwan. Saboda haka, jimlar matsin lamba na ruwa a wani zurfin da aka bayar ba wai kawai yana tasiri ne ta hanyar matsin lamba na Layer ɗin ruwa da ke sama ba, har ma da matsin lamba na yanayi.
Domin fahimtar wannan bayanin sosai, bari mu dubi wani ruwa a cikin akwati.
Matsin ruwan da ke ƙasan akwatin ya fi matsin ruwan da ke sama da shi a zahiri. Da zarar ka yi ƙasa, haka ma matsin ruwan ya fi yawa; akasin haka, da zarar ka kusanci saman akwatin, haka ma matsin ruwan ya fi ƙasa.
Girman matsin lamba yana daidai da ρ gh (ρ = yawa, g = hanzari saboda nauyi da h = tsayi ko zurfi). A kowane wuri a cikin zurfin iri ɗaya, girman matsin lamba iri ɗaya ne. Wannan ya shafi dukkan ruwaye a cikin kowace akwati kuma ba ya dogara da siffar akwatin.
Idan muka yi amfani da matsin lamba na waje, misali ta hanyar dannawa a saman ruwa, ƙaruwar matsin lamba a cikin ruwan iri ɗaya ne ko'ina. Saboda haka, idan aka yi amfani da matsin lamba na waje, kowane ɓangare na ruwan yana karɓar rabon matsin lamba iri ɗaya. Saboda haka, matsin lamba koyaushe iri ɗaya ne a kowane wuri a zurfin iri ɗaya. Wannan shine Ka'idar Pascal, wanda aka gabatar kuma aka sanya masa suna bayan wanda ya kafa shi, Blaise Pascal (1623–1662). Pascal masanin falsafa ne kuma masanin kimiyya ɗan Faransa.
Ka'idar Pascal ta bayyana cewa matsin lamba da aka sanya wa ruwa a cikin akwati da aka rufe zai kasance daidai gwargwado ga kowane ɓangare na ruwan da kuma bangon akwatin.
A fannin lissafi, ana iya rubuta shi kamar haka:
Bayani:
p = Matsi, F = Ƙarfi, A = Yankin saman
Kalmar da ke cikin tana wakiltar matsin lambar da ake yi, yayin da kalmar da ke fitowa tana wakiltar matsin lambar da ake yi.
Amfani da Ka'idar Pascal
Bisa jagorancin ƙa'idar Pascal, mutane sun ƙirƙiro kayan aiki da dama, masu sauƙi da na zamani, don sauƙaƙa rayuwa. Wasu daga cikinsu sun haɗa da jacks na hydraulic, lif na hydraulic, birki na hydraulic, da sauransu.
Jack ko Lift na Hydraulic
Yadda jack ko lift ke aiki an nuna shi a hoton.
Jakar ruwa ta hydraulic ta ƙunshi jirgin ruwa mai saman biyu. A saman biyu akwai piston, inda saman piston ɗin da ke hagu ya fi ƙasa da saman piston ɗin da ke dama. Yankin saman piston ɗin an daidaita shi da yankin saman jirgin. Jirgin ruwan yana cike da ruwa, kamar man shafawa.
Idan aka tura piston ɗin ƙasa, wanda ke da ƙaramin yanki na saman, to kowane ɓangare na ruwan ma yana tafiya tare da shi.
Matsi. Adadin matsin lamba da piston mai ƙaramin yanki (hoton hagu) ke yi yana yaɗuwa zuwa dukkan sassan ruwan. Sakamakon haka, ruwan yana matse piston tare da babban yanki na saman (hoton dama) har sai an tura piston sama. Yankin saman piston da ake matsewa ƙarami ne, don haka ƙarfin da ake buƙata don matse ruwan shima ƙarami ne. Amma saboda matsin lamba (Matsakaicin = ƙarfi / yanki naúrar) ana watsa shi a cikin ruwan, ƙaramin ƙarfin yana juyawa zuwa babban ƙarfi lokacin da ruwan ke matse piston a dama tare da babban yanki na saman. Yana da wuya mutane su sanya ƙarfin shigarwa ga piston mai babban yanki na saman, saboda ba shi da riba. A saman piston mai babban yanki na saman, yawanci ana sanya abin ko ɓangaren abin da za a ɗaga (misali, mota).
Kada ka yi mamaki idan mota mai girman gaske za a iya ɗaga ta cikin sauƙi ta hanyar danna ɗaya daga cikin pistons ɗin. Yankin saman piston ɗin ƙarami ne, don haka ƙarfin da muke amfani da shi ma ƙarami ne. Duk da haka, wannan ƙaramin ƙarfin shigarwar za a iya canza shi zuwa babban ƙarfin fitarwa idan yankin saman fitarwa ya yi girma sosai.
Idan an ƙera jack ɗin hydraulic don ɗaga mota mai nauyi sosai, mai ƙira yana buƙatar la'akari da nauyin motar da ƙarfin fitarwa na jack. Girman nauyin motar da aka ɗaga, girman yankin fitarwa na jack ɗin zai fi girma. Aƙalla, ƙarfin fitarwa da jack ɗin hydraulic ya samar ya kamata ya fi ko daidai da nauyin abin da ake ɗagawa.
Misali tambaya ta 1:
A 1 = 100 cm 2
A 2 = 250 cm 2
F 1 = N 200
An tambaya: F 2
Tattaunawa
Misali tambaya ta 2:
An san cewa:
A 1 = 100 cm 2 = 100 x 10 -4 m 2 = 0,01 m 2
A 2 = 250 cm 2 = 250 x 10 -4 m 2 = 0,025 m 2
Nauyin kaya = 200 kg
Yawan mai (ρ) = 780 kg/ m3
Tsawon ginshiƙin mai (h) = mita 2
Saurin gudu saboda nauyi (g) = 10 m/s 2
An tambaya: Menene ƙaramin ƙarfin shigarwa (F) don nauyin ya kasance daidai (nauyin ba ya motsawa)?
Amsa:
