Ubuchwepheshe Bephampu Yokushisa Yokusabalalisa Amandla E-Geothermal
Amandla okushisa komhlaba aqashelwa kabanzi njengomthombo othembekile kagesi, ikakhulukazi ngezitshalo zamandla okushisa komhlaba. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okushisa komhlaba kudlulela ngale kokukhiqizwa kukagesi. Elinye lamathuba amakhulu, avame ukungaqashelwa, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okushisa komhlaba ekufudumaleni nasekupholiseni izakhiwo ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bepompo yokushisa. Ngokusebenzisa izinga lokushisa elizinzile ngaphansi komhlabathi noma ukushisa okuvela kuketshezi olushisayo komhlaba, amapompo okushisa avumela ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla okushisa okusebenzayo, okungabizi kakhulu, nokungakhiphi kahle ukukhishwa kwamandla okushisa. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngendlela amapompo okushisa asebenza ngayo, ukuthi ahlanganiswe kanjani nemithombo yamandla okushisa komhlaba, kanye nendima yawo ezinhlelweni zanamuhla zokusabalalisa amandla ezifana namanethiwekhi okushisa wesifunda.
Imiqondo eyisisekelo yamaphampu okushisa kanye nokubaluleka kwawo ekushiseni komhlaba
Iphampu yokushisa iyithuluzi elidlulisela amandla okushisa kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye kusetshenziswa umsebenzi wemishini (ngokuvamile kagesi). Ngokungafani nama-heater avamile, "adala" ukushisa ngokushisa noma ngokushisa okuvimbelayo, amaphampu okushisa adlulisela ukushisa okuvele kukhona. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kwephampu yokushisa kulinganiswa yi-COP (Coefficient of Performance) yayo, okuyisilinganiso samandla okushisa akhiqizwa kumandla kagesi asetshenziswayo. I-COP ka-3 isho ukuthi kuyo yonke i-kWh kagesi esetshenziswayo, kungakhiqizwa ama-kWh amathathu okushisa okuwusizo.
Esimweni sokushisa komhlaba, amaphampu okushisa abaluleke kakhulu ngoba inhlabathi namanzi angaphansi komhlaba kugcina amazinga okushisa azinzile unyaka wonke uma kuqhathaniswa nomoya wangaphandle. Lokhu kuzinza kwezinga lokushisa kwenza amaphampu okushisa abe lula futhi asebenze kahle kakhulu. Ezimweni ezishisayo, angaba wusizo kakhulu ekupholiseni (ukudlulisa ukushisa kusuka ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo kuya phansi), kanti ezimweni ezibandayo, asebenza kahle kakhulu ekufudumaleni.
Imithombo ye-Geothermal: i-geothermal engajulile kanye ne-geothermal ejulile
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-geothermal kwamaphampu okushisa ngokuvamile kuhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili ezibanzi:
1. Ukushisa okungaphansi komhlaba (ukushisa okungaphansi komhlaba)
Kusetshenziswa amazinga okushisa omhlaba ekujuleni kwamamitha amaningana kuya kwamakhulu amamitha, okuvame ukuba okuzinzile, lolu hlelo luvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP). Amandla angaphansi komhlaba awadingi indawo yokugcina amanzi njengomshini wamandla, ngakho-ke angasetshenziswa cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo, uma nje izimo zejoloji kanye nokutholakala komhlaba kukuhle.
2. Ukushisa okujulile komhlaba (ukushisa okujulile komhlaba)
Ukusebenzisa uketshezi olushisayo oluvela ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi ashisayo. Kwezinye izimo, ukushisa kwamanzi ashisayo okunganele ukukhiqizwa kukagesi (ukushisa kwamanzi ashisayo okuphansi/okuphakathi) kulungele ukushisa kwesifunda, izinqubo zezimboni zokushisa okuphakathi, noma kuhlanganiswe namaphampu okushisa ukuze kukhushulwe amazinga okushisa afinyelele emazingeni adingekayo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwale mithombo kuvumela amasu okusabalalisa amandla okushisa aguquguqukayo—kusukela esikalini sesakhiwo esisodwa kuya esikalini sedolobha.
Izinhlobo zezinhlelo zepompo yokushisa zokusatshalaliswa kwamandla okushisa komhlaba
1. Uhlelo oluvaliwe
Kulesi simiso, uketshezi olusebenzayo (amanzi noma ingxube evimbela ukuqandisa amanzi) lujikeleza emapayipini afakwe emhlabathini, futhi aluhlangani namanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Ukwakheka okuvamile kufaka phakathi:
– Iluphu evundlile: ipayipi ligqitshwe ngokungajulile, lidinga indawo enkulu.
– Imbobo eqondile: ipayipi lifakwa emgodini wokubhoboza, okusindisa umhlaba kodwa izindleko zokubhoboza ziphakeme.
– I-loop yechibi/echibini: isebenzisa amanzi amaningi, uma ekhona.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zezihibe ezivaliwe ukulungiswa okulula kanye nengozi ephansi yokungcola.
2. Uhlelo oluvulekile
Lolu hlelo lupompa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba noma amanzi angaphezulu, lukhiphe/lukhiphe ukushisa nge-heat exchanger, bese lubuyisela amanzi emhlabathini (ngomthombo wokujova) noma emanzini amaningi. Ukusebenza kahle kungaba phezulu, kodwa kudinga:
- ikhwalithi yamanzi efanele,
- imvume yezemvelo,
– imiklamo evimbela ukwehla kwezinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba noma izinkinga zokugqwala kanye nokukhula.
3. Iphampu yokushisa kunethiwekhi yokushisa/yokupholisa yesifunda
Esikalini sedolobha, amaphampu okushisa angasebenza njengezikhulisi zokushisa kunethiwekhi yokushisa. Umqondo wesimanje othakazelisayo ukushisa nokupholisa kwesifunda sesizukulwane sesi-5 (5GDHC), inethiwekhi yamaphayiphi anezinga lokushisa eliphansi (isb., 10–30°C). Kulo modeli:
– ukushisa “nokubanda” kusatshalaliswa emazingeni okushisa aphansi,
– amaphampu okushisa esakhiweni ngasinye aphakamisa/ehlisa izinga lokushisa njengoba kudingeka,
– amandla angashintshwa phakathi kwezakhiwo (isibonelo, isakhiwo esidinga ukupholisa sikhipha ukushisa okube sekusetshenziswa esinye isakhiwo ukufudumeza amanzi).
Imithombo engajulile ye-geothermal ifaneleka kahle kula manethiwekhi okushisa aphansi ngoba agcina ukuzinza kokushisa futhi anciphisa ukulahleka kokushisa emapayipini.
Izindlela zokusabalalisa amandla: kusukela echibini kuya kumsebenzisi wokugcina
Ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla okushisa komhlaba okusekelwe epompo yokushisa kuhilela izingxenye eziningana ezibalulekile:
1. Umthombo wokushisa/umthombo/umhlabathi ojikelezayo njengesishintshi sokushisa esiyinhloko.
2. I-heat exchanger (ezinhlelweni ezithile) yokuhlukanisa uketshezi lwe-geothermal ohlelweni lwesakhiwo.
3. Iyunithi yephampu yokushisa ekhulisa (yokushisa) noma yokudlulisa (yokupholisa) amandla okushisa.
4. Izinhlelo zokusabalalisa ezakhiweni: izitezi ezifudumalayo (izitezi ezikhazimulayo), ama-fan coil, ama-radiator anokushisa okuphansi, noma izinhlelo zamanzi ashisayo zasekhaya.
5. Ukulawulwa kwamandla nokuphathwa: izinzwa zokushisa, ukulawula umthwalo ophezulu, ukuhlanganiswa nesitoreji sokushisa.
Esinye sezimiso ezibaluleke kakhulu ukugcina uhlelo lokusabalalisa ekugcineni kohlelo lomsebenzisi lusebenza ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu lokushisa kanye neliphezulu kakhulu lokupholisa, ngaleyo ndlela kwandiswe i-COP yephampu yokushisa. Isibonelo, phansi efudumele edinga amanzi ku-30–40°C isebenza kahle kakhulu kune-radiator edinga u-60–70°C.
Izinzuzo ezibalulekile: ukusebenza kahle, ukususwa kwekhabhoni kanye nokuguquguquka
Ubuchwepheshe bepompo yokushisa yokusatshalaliswa kwe-geothermal bunikeza izinzuzo eziningana zamasu:
– Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu: Nge-COP engu-3–5 (ngisho nangaphezulu ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele), ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuyinhloko kungaba ngaphansi kakhulu kunezifudumezi zikagesi ezimelana nokushisa noma ama-boiler asebenzisa uphethiloli wakudala.
– Ukukhishwa okuphansi komoya: Uma ugesi osetshenziswayo uvela emandleni avuselelekayo, lolu hlelo lungasondela ku-zero ukukhishwa komoya okusebenzayo.
– Imisebenzi emibili ohlelweni olulodwa: Ukushisa nokupholisa kungaphathwa yidivayisi efanayo, efanele izakhiwo zesimanje.
– Ukuzinza kwamandla: Ukushisa okuphansi komhlaba akuxhomekile esimweni sezulu sansuku zonke, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kuzinzile kakhulu kunezimpompi zokushisa ezivela emoyeni emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
– Ukukwazi Ukukhula: Kungasetshenziswa kusukela ezindlini zokuhlala, ezakhiweni zamahhovisi, ezindaweni zezimboni nasemadolobheni.
Izinselele zobuchwepheshe kanye nezingezona ezobuchwepheshe
Nakuba kuthembisa, ukusetshenziswa kwamaphampu okushisa angaphansi komhlaba kubhekene nezinselele eziningana:
– Izindleko zokuqala zokutshalwa kwezimali: Ukumba imigodi yamanzi nokufaka amapayipi angaphansi komhlaba kungabiza kakhulu, yize izindleko zokusebenza ziphansi.
– Ukutholakala komhlaba nezimvume: Izinhlelo ezivundlile zidinga umhlaba, kuyilapho izinhlelo eziqondile zidinga izimvume zokubhoboza kanye nezifundo ze-geology.
– Izingozi zokukhula kanye nokugqwala: Ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ezivulekile noma ukusetshenziswa koketshezi olujulile lwe-geothermal, amaminerali ancibilikisiwe anganciphisa futhi anciphise ukusebenza.
– Umklamo wokugwema “ukungalingani kokushisa”: Ezinhlelweni ezipholisa kakhulu kunokushisa kwazo (noma okuphambene nalokho), inhlabathi ingaqoqa ukushisa noma ukubanda. Izixazululo zifaka phakathi ukwakheka kwe-loop efanele, ukusebenza okulinganiselayo kwesizini, noma ukuhlanganiswa nemibhoshongo yokupholisa/izinhlelo zokushisa zelanga.
– Amandla nezindinganiso zabasebenzi: Ochwepheshe bayadingeka ekuklameni, ekufakeni nasekuqalisweni komsebenzi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza kahle ngempela.
Isiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa: ukuhlanganiswa negridi ehlakaniphile kanye nesitoreji sokushisa
Amaphampu okushisa e-geothermal aya ngokuya ebaluleka ekushintsheni kwamandla, njengoba engasebenza njengebhuloho phakathi kukagesi nokushisa. Uma amandla elanga noma omoya emaningi, amaphampu okushisa angagcina amandla njengokushisa endaweni yokugcina ukushisa (amathangi amanzi ashisayo noma indawo yokugcina ngaphansi komhlaba), bese ewasebenzisa ngezikhathi zomthwalo ophezulu. Ukuhlanganiswa negridi ehlakaniphile kuvumela ukusebenza okusabelayo emananini kagesi kanye nokutholakala kwamandla avuselelekayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitayela zobuchwepheshe ezifana nama-refrigerant aphansi e-GWP, ama-inverter compressor asebenza kahle kakhulu, kanye ne-digitalization of controls (IoT) kuthuthukisa ukusebenza futhi kunciphisa izindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila.
Isiphetho
Ubuchwepheshe bephampu yokushisa buvula indlela yokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwamandla okushisa komhlaba ukuze kusetshenziswe amandla okushisa asatshalaliswe—hhayi nje kuphela kagesi, kodwa futhi nasekufudumaleni, ekupholiseni, kanye namanzi ashisayo asekhaya. Ngokusebenzisa izinga lokushisa elizinzile lomhlabathi noma ukushisa koketshezi olushisayo lomhlaba, amaphampu okushisa angafinyelela ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu futhi afake isandla ekususeni i-carbonization kwezakhiwo kanye nemikhakha yezimboni. Nakuba kusekhona izinselelo maqondana nokutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala, ukwakheka kobuchwepheshe, kanye nomthethonqubo, ukuhlanganiswa kwamaphampu okushisa komhlaba kanye nokushisa—ikakhulukazi kumanethiwekhi okushisa/okupholisa esifundeni esiphansi—kunamandla okuba ngomunye wemigogodla yesistimu yamandla yesikhathi esizayo ehlanzekile, eqinile, futhi esebenza kahle kakhulu.
Uma ufisa, ngingaguqula lesi sihloko sibe sezobuchwepheshe kakhulu (ngezibonelo zokubala kwe-COP kanye nezinhlelo ze-5GDHC), noma sithandwe kakhulu ngabafundi abavamile, kanye nokwengeza izifundo zamacala ezivela emazweni athile.
