Ubuchwepheshe Bokusebenza Kahle Kwepompo Yokushisa Ku-Geothermal
Amandla okushisa komhlaba avame ukuqondwa njengokukhiqiza ugesi ngokushisa komhlaba ezindaweni zezintaba-mlilo. Kodwa-ke, kukhona ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwamandla okushisa komhlaba okungasetshenziswa cishe kunoma yisiphi isifunda: ipompo yokushisa komhlaba (GSHP). Lobu buchwepheshe budlulisela ukushisa phakathi kwesakhiwo nomhlabathi (noma amanzi angaphansi komhlaba) ukuze kufudunyezwe, kupholiswe, kanye nezidingo zamanzi ashisayo asekhaya. Inzuzo yalo eyinhloko isekusebenzeni kahle—ikhono lokukhiqiza umphumela omkhulu wokushisa/wokupholisa ngokufakwa kukagesi okuncane. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngezimiso zokusebenza, izingxenye, izinkomba zokusebenza kahle, kanye namasu obuchwepheshe okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamaphampu okushisa komhlaba.
Isimiso Sokusebenza Sepompo Yokushisa Ye-Geothermal
Amaphampu okushisa awadali ukushisa empeleni, kodwa kunalokho akhipha ukushisa kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye kusetshenziswa umjikelezo wokuqandisa (ukucindezela umhwamuko). Kumodi yokushisa, uhlelo lukhipha ukushisa emhlabathini, okunezinga lokushisa elizinzile unyaka wonke (ngokuvamile 18–30°C ezindaweni eziningi ezishisayo ekujuleni okuthile), bese luphakamisa izinga lokushisa lalo ukuze kushiswe igumbi noma umthombo wamanzi. Kumodi yokupholisa, inqubo iyaguqulwa: ukushisa okuvela ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo kudluliselwa emhlabathini.
Inhlabathi isebenza njengebhethri lemvelo "elishisayo" ngoba ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa lesizini ebusweni akuthinti kakhulu amazinga okushisa ekujuleni kwamamitha amaningana. Lokhu kuzinza kuvumela amaphampu okushisa e-geothermal ukuthi asebenze ngaphansi kwezimo "ezithambile" zomthombo wokushisa (noma isinki yokushisa) kunezimo zomoya ezisebenzisa umoya ukuya emoyeni, okudinga ukuthi i-compressor isebenze kancane. Umphumela: ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi.
Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Nendima Yazo Ekusebenzeni Kahle
Ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lwe-GSHP kuyinhlanganisela yokwakheka kokushisa, ikhwalithi yezingxenye, kanye nezilawuli zokusebenza. Izingxenye ezibalulekile zifaka:
1. Iluphu yomhlabathi (i-ground heat exchanger)
Kungaba yiluphu evaliwe evundlile/eqondile noma uhlelo lweluphu evulekile olusebenzisa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Lolu hluphu lunquma ukuthi ukushisa kungadluliselwa kahle kangakanani phakathi koketshezi olujikelezayo nomhlabathi.
2. Iyunithi yephampu yokushisa
Iqukethe i-compressor, i-evaporator, i-condenser, i-expansion valve, kanye ne-refrigerant. Ukusebenza kahle kwe-compressor kanye nekhwalithi ye-internal heat exchanger kuthinta kakhulu i-COP.
3. Iphampu yokujikeleza kwegazi kanye nohlelo lwe-hydronic
Ugesi osetshenziselwa amaphampu okujikeleza kwegazi ngezinye izikhathi "ufihliwe," kodwa ubalulekile. Uhlelo olungalungiswanga kahle lungalimaza ukusebenza kahle okuphelele.
4. Ukwakha amatheminali (izitezi ezikhazimulayo, ama-fan coil, izibambi zomoya)
Amazinga okushisa aphansi okushisa (isb. phansi okukhazimulayo) noma ngaphezulu kokupholisa kungandisa ukusebenza kahle ngokunciphisa "umthwalo" ku-compressor.
5. Izinhlelo zokulawula nezinzwa
Indlela uhlelo oluphatha ngayo i-setpoint, izinga lokugeleza, i-compressor staging, kanye ne-defrost (uma kufanele) inquma ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwansuku zonke.
Izinkomba Zokusebenza Kahle: I-COP, i-EER, kanye ne-SPF
Ukusebenza kahle kwepompo yokushisa kuvame ukuvezwa kanje:
– I-COP (i-Coefficient of Performance) yemodi yokushisa: isilinganiso samandla okushisa akhiqizwa kumandla kagesi asetshenziswayo. I-COP engu-4 isho ukuthi i-1 kWh kagesi ikhiqiza cishe ama-kWh angu-4 okushisa.
– I-EER (Isilinganiso Sokusebenza Kahle Kwamandla) sokupholisa: isilinganiso samandla okupholisa kumandla kagesi.
– I-SPF (Isici Sokusebenza Kwesizini) noma ukusebenza kahle kwesizini: kubonisa ukusebenza phakathi nesizini/ukusebenza kwangempela, okuhlanganisa ukujikeleza kwegazi kanye nokulawula ukusetshenziswa kwephampu.
Amaphampu okushisa e-geothermal ngokuvamile ane-COP kanye ne-SPF ephezulu kunezinhlelo ezisekelwe emoyeni ngenxa yokushisa okuzinzile komthombo/ukukhipha umoya. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela yangempela incike kakhulu kwikhwalithi yomklamo kanye nokufakwa.
Amasu Okuthuthukisa Ubuchwepheshe Nokusebenza Kahle
1. Umklamo Ofanele Wesiyingi Somhlabathi
I-ground loop "inhliziyo" yesistimu ye-geothermal. Izindlela eziningana zokwandisa ukusebenza kahle:
– Izihibe eziqondile zifanelekela isikhala esilinganiselwe futhi zinikeza ukuzinza kokushisa okuhlala njalo. Ukujula kanye nenani lemigodi kufanele kubalwe ngokusekelwe emithwalweni yokwakha kanye nokuqhuba kwenhlabathi.
– Izihibe ezivundlile zishibhile uma umhlaba umkhulu, kodwa zithinteka kakhulu ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa lomhlaba.
– Ukufakwa kahle kwe-grouting ebhoreni kwandisa ukuxhumana kwepayipi nokushisa komhlabathi, kunciphisa ukumelana nokushisa, futhi kuthuthukisa ukudluliselwa kokushisa.
– Ukukhethwa kwezinto zombhobho (isb. i-HDPE esezingeni eliphezulu) kanye nomklamo wokucushwa (i-U-tube ephindwe kabili, i-coaxial) kunganciphisa ukulahleka kwengcindezi ngenkathi kwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa.
Empeleni, iluphu encane kakhulu iphoqa i-compressor ukuthi isebenze kanzima futhi yehlise i-COP, kuyilapho iluphu enkulu kakhulu inyusa izindleko zokuqala ngaphandle kwezinzuzo ezihambisanayo.
2. Amafriji nama-Compressor Obuchwepheshe Obuphezulu
Ukusebenza kahle kweyunithi yepompo yokushisa kuthonywa kakhulu yilokhu okulandelayo:
– I-compressor ye-inverter/variable speed (VFD): ilungisa kahle umthamo ngokuya ngomthwalo, inciphisa imijikelezo yokuvala futhi ikhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwengxenye yomthwalo.
– Iziqandisi zesizukulwane esisha: Ezinye iziqandisi zinamandla aphansi okufudumala komhlaba (i-GWP) ngenkathi zinikeza ukusebenza okuhle kwe-thermodynamic. Ukukhetha iziqandisi kumele kucabangele imithetho, ukuphepha, kanye nokuhambisana kwezingxenye.
– Idizayini ye-microchannel heat exchanger noma i-plate heat exchanger: ingandisa i-coefficient yokudlulisa ukushisa futhi inciphise usayizi, yize idinga idizayini yokulwa nokungcola kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi enhle.
3. Iphampu Yokujikeleza Kwegazi kanye Nokwenza Kahle Uketshezi
Kuvamile ukuthi izinhlelo ze-GSHP zibukeke “zinhle ephepheni” kodwa zichithe amandla ngenxa yamaphampu okujikeleza kwegazi angasebenzi kahle. Isixazululo esiyinhloko:
– Iphampu yesivinini esiguquguqukayo elandela izidingo zokugeleza kanye nengcindezi ngesikhathi sangempela.
– Umklamo wamapayipi onokulahlekelwa okuphansi kwengcindezi: ububanzi bamapayipi obanele, ukugoba okuncane, ukulinganisela okufanele, kanye nokukhethwa kwamavalvu okuphumelelayo.
– Isu lokulawula i-Delta-T: ligcina umehluko wokushisa kokungena nokungena kwe-loop enanini eliqondiwe ukuze kungabikho ukugeleza okweqile okuchitha ugesi wephampu kuphela.
4. Ukuhlanganiswa Nezinhlelo Zokushisa Eziphansi
Amaphampu okushisa asebenza kahle kakhulu uma umehluko wokushisa (ukuphakamisa) umncane. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kahle kuyanda uma izakhiwo zisebenzisa:
– Izitezi ezikhazimulayo noma amaphaneli akhazimulayo okushisa (izinga lokushisa eliphansi).
– Umshini wokupholisa opholile noma uhlelo lokupholisa olunezinga lokushisa eliphakeme (asikho isidingo somoya obandayo kakhulu).
– Ukufakwa kokushisa okuthuthukisiwe kwesakhiwo: kunciphisa imithwalo ephezulu, okuvumela ukusebenza endaweni “enobungane” kakhulu yepompo yokushisa.
5. Ukulawula Okuhlakaniphile Nokuphathwa Kwemithwalo
Izilawuli zesimanje zingathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwesizini:
– Ukubikezela okusekelwe esimweni sezulu: uhlelo lulungisa ukusebenza ngokuya ngamazinga okushisa angaphandle abikezelwe kanye namaphethini okuhlala.
– Impendulo yesidingo: ukushintsha imisebenzi ethile (isib. ukufudumeza amanzi) iye emahoreni kagesi ashibhile noma lapho amandla avuselelekayo eningi.
– Ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo: kushisa/kupholisa indawo esetshenziswayo kuphela.
– Ukuqapha okusekelwe ku-IoT ukuthola ukwehla kokusebenza (isib. ukungcola, ukuvuza kwe-refrigerant, ukuzulazula kwenzwa).
6. Izinhlelo Ezihlanganisiwe kanye Nokugcina Izinto Ezishisayo
Kwezinye izimo, izinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe zandisa ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko (futhi zihlala zisebenza kahle ngamandla), isibonelo:
– I-GSHP + umbhoshongo wokupholisa ukuze kunqotshwe ukungalingani komthwalo (isibonelo, ukupholisa okunamandla unyaka wonke) ukuze inhlabathi ingashisi kancane kancane.
– I-GSHP + ibhoyila encane yokumboza imithwalo ephezulu kakhulu ngaphandle kokukhulisa iluphu yomhlabathi.
– Indawo yokugcina ukushisa (ithangi lamanzi ashisayo, noma indawo yokugcina ebandayo) ukuze kulinganiswe umthwalo futhi kugcinwe i-compressor isebenza endaweni esebenza kahle kakhulu.
Izinselele Zokusebenzisa Ensimini
Naphezu kokusebenza kahle kwazo, amaphampu okushisa angaphansi komhlaba abhekene nezinselele eziningana:
– Izindleko zokuqala eziphezulu ngenxa yokubhoboza kanye nemisebenzi yokwakha.
– Ikhwalithi yomklamo nokufakwa ibalulekile. Ukubalwa kwemithwalo, ukuhlolwa kokusabela kokushisa kwenhlabathi, kanye nokuqaliswa kokusebenza kuvame ukunganakwa.
– Ukutholakala komhlaba kanye nezimvume zokubhoboza okuvundlile noma okuqondile.
– Izimo ze-hydrological: amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, uhlobo lomhlabathi/lwedwala, kanye nengozi yokugqwala noma ukubola kwenhlabathi ezinhlelweni ezivulekile.
Ngakho-ke, impumelelo yalo msebenzi incike ocwaningweni olunzulu lokuhlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini, ukukhethwa kwabakhi abanolwazi, kanye nezinhlelo zokulungisa.
Isiphetho
Ubuchwepheshe bephampu yokushisa ye-geothermal bunikeza ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu ngoba busebenzisa izinga lokushisa elizinzile lomhlabathi njengomthombo wokushisa kanye nesinki. Ukusebenza kahle akukhona nje kuphela ngeyunithi yephampu yokushisa; kungumphumela womklamo ofanele we-ground loop, ama-compressor nama-refrigerant asebenzayo, ukwenza ngcono iphampu yokujikeleza, ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokushisa okuphansi, kanye nezilawuli ezihlakaniphile. Ngokuhlela nokufaka okufanele, ama-GSHP angaba yisisombululo sokushisa nokupholisa esisebenza kahle isikhathi eside, esinciphisa ukukhishwa komoya, nesithembekile—emakhaya, ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano, nasezindaweni zezimboni.
Uma ufisa, ngingaguqula lesi sihloko sibe sezobuchwepheshe kakhulu (ngamafomula e-COP/SPF kanye nezibonelo zokubala) noma sithandwe kakhulu ngabafundi abavamile, kanye nokwengeza izifundo zamacala e-Indonesia.
